S'Ves amolecules thanoic acid.

4-cCHa C-o+ i-04

acia
oxidalion give ehanoicaid Apropasoic
Pentanone &, on

Cë-C4-CH-CH HE-ou CrCHCoH+

nains i
s y n e t r i c a l ketornes o n o xidalon-ë-grou
smaller alkylaroup is called as epoffsrule)

Oxidaton e mehl kelo (ye) greup by Haloforrm Yeacion

Holoform reaction(oxiolation) is
shoon by aldehydes ketones ohich
bon.
have atleast ooe methul aroup bonded t he carbunylar
treated ith Soiium hypohalit
Sueh compounds when oxidise To
He- e
NaOH&halogen
CNaOx) ( 5 a4; 6oln NDH than he crben
cathon atom less
containina oa7e
Sodiunm Salt q aud
arca

Hhe aldehy de Lesone ketone dhe methy gron

or

Carhonul group is Cenverts haloformeH

e-e-cHNaO* R-E-oNar CH e- ¢ x NAD -olare,
-onareHx
ONaH

bxidation takes plate only at -- gsoup bud doesnt

This haloform
For example
0xidise any other Oxidiable.g tops kee=.
3- methuypen en one-2 whes tseated h sodium huypo ehlorite or
h ehlerine andal kak unolurgoes halo torm Feacton givvag CH,
and 3odium 6alt mehylbwt-a-enoate
Na0ll or
Clwa04 H+CH-è=é ONa

3-Methypent-3en-20ne Sadsat 4-muhy

bwt-2-enoabe.
4alofosr reackooi6 ueaacTeLH 9reup_or e4, greup
.shieh peoduus e E 9 aish produues e-E. a.
0 6 Ox idalos
group
Reaetvons due
HydYo gen akbms d Aldehuon.
dhrogen atoms
atoes
aldehydes&4 katenes are audicin
na
electroy ture
d u eto :
o stabiisauen o
oithdrawing eHe
corijugatrd base geu &resa
 Tago
For axample:-R -H R A-d-4 [H sepaLales as
H e-aicl, q His
L iawdice is nalure
Aldehyole
R 2 R8- lh d H alen
eBonanteCavbonyl eompounds
5tabiisedthrong
Carhanion qets
have aicli c roperty-0 Hldol reaclion- Aldel condensalien-
Due to this acidic property 4hgdrcgen atoms 4 aldebydes,&.kafonB
dl.alkal, togive
lo qivehydroxyaldehyete in presente.eP
unolerqo the reasiion aldsl
H
aldos E - H e - + A - E - H akaL
e - e - u
Ouaoeydo)"*bydroryadehgde)

Aldehyde
e nH
-c- Katol

or katols e- HCH- ka BaloH) C

Nalon)r
hydroxy kefone

CKatone en haatong gie

ketonusCkete)
hydroxy carbonyl
aldehydes (aldol)eor unsaturatad
Hd roxy aldeheles or
ketones (a
un8aturaded
d
eT HOen- e=¢-ë-
e pounds cu a)satusaded

Ando Jdehyde
katore
A afumsaturated
CH--en-&-cH H +Hee =CH-E-H
aPunsat.aldahyde)
ë=cH-E-H
Kebo e - i = o + ",--
Ho+
Net
reacion-
aldekgdo)orkatol hydaoxy keton)
Formatien 4 aldol (f gedroxy H atem
Note on aldohydes or ketones havina
a,dl alkali qroup
hu actien
aldol is comp. i l 5 aleeyde
called as aldol seaclion
i
AAAAAAAAAAAA

Ksolroaetten (Ktol
io keto &ol arous)
cernoith
altobol(ol) gsoup)
or
m o l e . t u l e o n heatin
to geve
udate
lose produwets
ketol readily katones ohich
S atee
lich a pmodwets
Aldel o aldehyde
or

is c a l e d Addcondansation
unsaluratee
saturated
a l e
6ation
c o n e e n s
& 4 e rOecion

aldol eondensalon- aldoleenden salion

hen is
Cross
between fauo diHerent aldehydes orkatonos it is
earTjed
as
erDss_aldol condensaien
Called
Pdol condensatien vith two dafferent.aldehyd
C r o s s ale

Aidroq tn atonS, dke Sealiongives

aldeudes A'a bo
itaPbredueta
ffexenbprouets
Cor
O n i .Aa
Owih ALoith Aas o\iXt
h Bap ef four
as shown below
 Pag17
Crobs aldol cesdensalre7 il5 too aldeudes )cH -o) -eHo
thana PTopaDa

Reacen betoeen (AJe(0)-He-eo+co Heato+-z

Naot
Ho +-t=Ct-d=o
CH-=o
anal d#4nsaurated ads.

Reacho betJeen Ass Hèzo *uE-cHoONaoH_

Ht
But-2-enal
ehamal Proana e - e - cHo dynsat
aldchyd
Methlbut enal
Cross aldol ce nd ensalien
produet.

Reacin betieen Ga6f

ec- t-2-4 ONON CH-C-C:Ct+ë-u Ho
GHead
H
Eanal entaenal ,punsatcoated aldohy
ropana
Cross aldol cenolensalion pueduc?
beteen 8 a.
Reacli on Nao eH Ca-cH=¢-cAo nsat.aldeheda
en-Ch -0 * e-to Heal
Methpent-2enal
Propana
Propana
Cross aldol eoordensaicn wit bo eaonylcoompoun de where
at least one cakponL eompoud Confains olhudraqen atom
Example- reacuon between beaaldehyple Bacetophernoane,i c
2praucts
Contains hdroqen atoms give
--o o ) ONaoH
243K
Ben2aldahyde
Azetophenone (aó9 L3-Diphenyprap-2en-l-one

CMajor pradueb

&moleue acetopheror
Reacion widh

293K
-Pheny, 4-meihy,4Fheny
out2-en-tome UMino produet)
Yeadienteztrgphilie substtlicy
O t h e rv
veea
acci
io n s O a n n i z 2 a r o Teaewons.
Hher
Cannjzzaro
pizzaro
reackom-
reacti Aldebydes which dond coein a
hyebscgen2
hyebogen
treated uilk con
atom when to aa sdn4 Kon/ NaoH underq
suf
hesn
ton&
OOkidalon & radweuon yeaclion
fo give pol or sod.salt q aud &
 alco hol. &anelhanel
ms Sedaumformale
ampleOFovmaldehyde oilgcon NaOHseln for
Nao# way H-2-oN+ H-è-eH
+ +
+ o
Aid
Formaldehydo aid.
H-2-oH forrmic
Exomple Coo-KOOH T-ok LOBenaylalohol

soln
potbenaoate
Acid OoOH (Benzoicaid
Bemaaldehyde
H*
Mixture of
enzal dehyda 3formaldehyta
Cross Canni22aroreaction:-
NaoH forms Scdium formatea henzulalwhd
waming o h
com solog
o OLOH
con-NaOt H--oNa
Atis H - o H
o+ -CHO f r a r i c a i d

sadiu
Berylalcohol
H oRnate

metthyaltobo,
uwith sed ben2oate
produebs, alvng
a s main
katones
substituuon sactiond
aromaiie aldehudle e
Electrophilice.
ber2ena Ting
qroup present
c
The c a b o t a orienting
X a
deactuvalina
a ets as

Ubkal substidulion
qroup underaoes
Aretophe s o e
Aromale
aldehyde
A ketone
reactions in ben2en Ting
tvr Qxam ple
HNO H50, mNiro benzaldehade
Nitraion4 benzallehyde 273-283 K

Uses qaldohuda ketomes: is used forprayten d

Fovmaline
is Knowrn a s
Formaldehudo 047, Aq solnp e u m e n s . U s e d . Toprepare
backeli te ( a e H
biolugical anenie prbdu ets
formaldehda gues, ofiapouy
usea
aceliccuid, eAraaretate,
vinilaetate
i» manufaciure q
AAotaldehade Used
polymers &drugs
in perumasy &.dye industs
is uged
B e n z
Lehude
a l l
- used as
industrialLee.

toes
ate
B

a n aeseral
Aldehyeles
ketones-
&ketones-exaple butyraldehde vanilkne O,-oc
a l d e h y e e s
&
aetophenone - c camphoCiohe) ete

Many have aeod fluoYs.