Chapter 7 and 8 Word File

The Information Age
Title of the lesson: Gutenberg to Social Media

Time frame: 3 hours
INTRODUCTION
Throughout history, inventions have been continuously changing the world and how the
people within it operate, some having broader impacts than others. Two powerful stories
of their times have been that of the printing press and the Internet. Although brought about
in entirely different periods, these two inventions have had enormous impacts on the
world in history, education, communication, and many others. While the printing press
began the revolution of the written word, the Internet came about and transformed
communication entirely. Which one would have had
a significant impact on the world?
OBJECTIVES
After studying this module, you should be able to:
1. Link learned ideas about the development of the information age and its impact on
society.
2. Illustrate how social media and the information age have impacted our lives.
Science, Technology and Society | STS 101
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DISCUSSION
The Chinese developed a

printing technique around
600 A. D using wooden
blocks with several words
to print or rub texts onto
paper. They also created a
movable form a few
hundred years later with
letters rearranged for each
new page, but with more
than 10,000 popular
characters in their
language, the process Photo Credit: Google Images
was repetitive and did not
catch up. Chinese Wooden Blocks
Innovation must come to pass. Work on the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg started
in about 1436. Gutenberg developed his popular using the typesetting technologies of
Asia, a modified oil-based ink recipe, and a design based on the olive and grape screw-
type presses used by farmers across Europe.
Gutenberg's letter molds, which he made from a metal alloy, were the most popular,
original contribution and were very durable. The new system was simple, repetitive still,
but much more useful than anything that had ever been before.

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The Pre Gutenberg World
Before introducing the printing press, the

distribution of precise, replicable information to
many people was not possible. Knowledge could be
captured in the time consuming and laborious
process of hand-produced books. Each copy of a
book typically had to be written by hand, copied
page by page. Scribes and artists were in high
demand to hand-copy the books. They used clay,
papyrus, wax, and parchment to transcribe text.
Educational institutions, monasteries, and wealthy
Photo Credit: Google Images people usually own the books. Few people were
literate. Besides, it was the decision of the government who will be having the education.
They were afraid that mass communication might influence people and impede their
ruling. Hence, the transmission of knowledge had to rely on purely word-of-mouth
channels. During that time, books were written in Latin only, not in national languages.
The Gutenberg World
The printing press invention made

it much simpler and more effective
to print, with less manual labor. The
first mass-produced book and was
not transcribed by hand was. The
printing press makes it possible to
reproduce books and other texts in
more significant numbers, quickly,
reliably, and cheaply. The printing
press has influenced people in so
many ways. Photo Credit: Google Images
The middle class may have access to books because they are cheaper and readily
accessible. People now had a written record, and they stopped depending on words. That

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has contributed to an increase in public literacy and education. If not for the printing press,
literacy rates would not increase.
Access to traditional science works stimulated and spread new ideas faster than ever
before. Academics gained from this dissemination of scholarly ideas. It was more
comfortable for people to increase their knowledge and create new ideas, which resulted
in better innovations.
The printing press spread the meaning of Christianity

worldwide. Some books, including the Bible, were
translated from Latin into the local language. It
encouraged people to read the Bible in their language,
making it free to interpret rather than only lead them
along by the church. Churches no longer have the
ability to keep their message strictly under control.
Printing has helped promote theories of Protestant
religion such as Lutheranism.
Pamphlets were printed, in addition to books. Flyers
gradually contributed to newspapers and magazines,
which today are two primary means of mass
Photo Credit: Google Images communication.
Gutenberg's medieval machine was so efficient that it remained almost unchanged until
the 19th century and introduced the steam-powered press.
The Post-Gutenberg World
The typewriter, photocopier, printer,

scanner, and computer machine
preceded the printing press.
In the 19th century, telecommunications

(the combination of electricity and
communication), the sending and
receiving of information using electronic
Photo Credit: Google Images
means, sparked the starting of a
continued wave of inventions. The electric telegraph was the first of these inventions.

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Telecommunications ignited a long wave of
inventions in the 19th century. The electric
telegraph permitted the sending and receiving
of messages over long distances. Some of its
contributions were to spread the news and
connect internally with businesses.
In 1876, when the electric telegraph was still at
the height of its popularity, Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. Distance
became less of an issue for people who wished to communicate, increasing the flow of
information verbally. Telecommunications provided people with a way of making written
and verbal contact person on a long distance.
Radio and television were becoming a great source of knowledge in the early 1900s.
They provide listeners with musical entertainment as well as news, sport, and weather
delivery. Occasionally understand, the radio became one of the 20th century's first
significant inventions. It acted as a social bonding tool, a place of news, an educational
tool, and emergency broadcasts, providing people with an entirely new way of
communicating and interacting.
The Information Age
Around the 1970s, the Information Age began and is

continuing today. It is also known as the Digital
Age, the Computer Age, or New Media Age.
In 1981 the telephone became mobile. The first

models were heavy-duty devices generally found
only in cars or trains. It was not supposed to carry it
around as they are now. In the 1990s, it became
pocket friendly. Also, a new type of written
communication, text message, was developed.
The computer has invented towards the beginning of

the 20th century, and communication features were
in the mid to late 1900s. In 1965, online written
communication broadened to include electronic mail
Photo Credit: Google Images (e-mail).

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Messages may be received and sent at the individual's convenience. A letter could read
in minutes, which before took several days to arrive. The personal computer (P.C.) has
introduced in the 70s, and computer systems slowly became a popular household tool.
The Internet has originated in the U.S.

Department of Defense, mainly for
communication in 1970. Military advisors
discussed the benefit of running one device
from another terminal in the event of an attack.
Scientists in the early days primarily used the
Internet to interact with other scientists. Until
1984 the Internet remained under the
jurisdiction of the government. It then became
widely accessible to the public. It was so
efficient that it could use for almost any information-dependent purpose, and if there are
connections to one of its main networks, each user can access it. The combination of a
P.C. and the Internet allowed quick, simple, and convenient written communication.
What is the Internet?
The Internet is a webbing of billions of computers and other electronic devices around the
world. By linking a machine to the Internet, you can access practically any information,
communicate with everybody worldwide, and do much more. You are online while you
have linked to the Internet.
What is the Web?
The World Wide Web, Web for short, is a list of various

websites that you can access through the Internet. A
website is composed of text, photos, and other related
resources. Websites may resemble different media
types, such as newspaper articles or television shows,
or they may be interactive in a manner distinct to
computers. A website intends can be just about
anything: a news source, an advertising, an online
library, an image sharing service, or an educational site.
When you have linked to the Internet, you can use an
application called a web browser to view and access

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websites. The web browser itself is not the Internet. The web browser only shows
websites that have had stored on the Internet.
How does the Internet function?
Internet is a worldwide physical cable network that can include copper telephone wires,
T.V. cables, and fiber optic cables. And wireless connections such as Wi-Fi and 3G/4G
depend on particular physical lines for Internet access.
.
When you look at it on a website, your machine will send a request to a server over these
wires. A server is where websites have kept, and it functions just like the hard drive on
your computer. When the request arrives, the server will retrieve the website, and the
correct data will have to send back to your computer. All of these happens in a fraction of
seconds.
Things you can do online:
One of the Internet's most vital qualities is connecting with everyone in the world almost
instantly. E-mail is one of the oldest and most common means of communicating and
exchanging knowledge on the Internet, and billions of people are using it. Social media let
people share and create communities online in several ways.
You can do so many things on the Internet. There are thousands of ways to keep up
online news or shop for something. You can pay your bills, learn new skills, handle bank
accounts, meet new people, or watch movies or television. You can learn online or do just
about anything.

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Facebook is a social networking platform that helps you quickly interact and communicate
online with your family and friends.
Instagram is a popular Smartphone photo-sharing app, focuses primarily on posting

images and videos with your friends. It is relatively easy compared with other social
networks. People like using Instagram because of filters. Any time you take a picture on
Instagram, you can easily add a filter to give a unique look to the image.
Another social media platform, Twitter, was created to find and share brief updates. It is
easy to share what is happening in your world or follow a popular subject in real-time.
A free website for video sharing called

YouTube makes us easily view videos online.
You can even make your videos and upload
them for sharing with others.
Schools, businesses, and other organizations

use Zoom to teach, hold meetings, and host
virtual events. Employing your mobile device
or computer, you can video chat with people
in big groups.
Google Classroom is a free school web service to simplify the creation, delivery, and
grading of assignments. Google Classroom's primary goal is to streamline the file-sharing
process between teachers and students.
Social Media and Their Effect On Society
Here are some aspects that social media have influenced our community.
1. Socializing
People socialize had significantly revolutionized by using websites
like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, etc. It has made it easy to build real-time
connections with our family members, relatives, and friends. Social media has improved
relationships and brings families together that have not been possible in the past.
Besides, people are also getting to make and meet new friends.
2. Business

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Social networking has significantly affected companies, from messaging to timely contact
with consumers. Online channels are a less costly way for companies to allow real-time
ads of their products and draw more consumers. It has made it possible for companies to
hit a broader client base. There is also the possibility of reducing office operating costs
and overheads (electricity, rates, etc.), which may reduce the need for office space.
3. Politics
In several ways, social media has influenced politics. It is where most people are getting
their news nowadays. It is the platform that makes political and other information easier
to access. These online platforms often allow people to express their political grievances
to their leaders and to demand action. It is also a means where mass political rallies and
campaigns have had conducted.
4. Work recruitment
Social networking greatly affected work recruitment. Many businesses make their hiring
choices based on the collective social portfolio of an applicant. Recruiters also use online
networks to post vacancies, where they hire their ideal candidates.
5. Education
It has built up and learned many careers and skills through social media. Online learning
is growing where one can quickly learn a skill and develop a strong career around it.
Social networking presence has led to an increase in the number of people pursuing
distance learning and academic programs, including writing services.
6. Save time and money.

Shopping online makes shopping a great deal less time-consuming. You cannot only
purchase without leaving your house, but you can easily and quickly find out which brand
has the best product for the best price. Online banking significantly saves time and
reduces the burden of making it to the bank on time. It has also let people work from
home, reduce the expense of driving time and commuting, and increase flexibility.
Some detrimental effects of social media:
• By sharing personal data, one's privacy risk impersonations, fraud, and stalking.
Companies today use social media to measure job seekers. Posting something
abusive or humiliating could cause you to lose job opportunities, because 'the
internet never forgets.'
• Online media networks are addictive, and that has dramatically decreased
workplace efficiency, adversely affects businesses as they suffer losses.

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• Cyberbullying is one more troubling of social media effect. Effects of cyberbullying
have seen people fall into depression and have cost them their lives in more
extreme situations.
• As information spreads online faster, a piece of false information may easily reach
many people and trigger great fear among the recipients.
SUMMARY
Today's communication method was inspired in some way by simple ones from the long
and never-ending history of communication. The creation of the printing press gave
people the ability to generate large quantities of written material quickly, but more
importantly, it facilitated the flow of knowledge among people. The printing press
technology has had an intense effect on the past and continues to affect today's lives.
Connection with everyone around the world has become simple with the technological
advancements and the growing media reach. Long ago, we had to wait for days or even
months for a handwritten letter from friends and loved ones to be sent by post. But now,
any conversation occurs within a fraction of seconds. Social media is among the leading
messaging and communicating networks. Without it, we cannot picture our day-to-day
routine. Internet penetration puts the world on one forum. We can now easily share with
someone from another town or country. With the pictures or videos overflowing on social
media sites such as Facebook and Twitter, one continually updates about near and dear
ones. But nothing comes with all the best or all the worse. Every coin has two sides, and
so do social media.

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SUGGESTED READINGS AND WEBSITES
• Book: “Alan Turing: The Enigma” (Andrew Hodges and Douglas Hofstadter)
• How we decide by Jonah Lehrer
• Information: The new language of science (Hans Christian von Baeyer)
• Nature’s Longest Threads by Janaki Balakrishnan and B V Sreekantan
• Philippine Science and Technology: Economic, Political and Social Events
Shaping Their Development (Socorro M. Rodriguez, 1996)
• TEDTalk: Julian Assange on “Why the World Needs Wikileaks”
GLOSSARY
Lutheranism of or relating to the Protestant churches adhering to Lutheran doctrines,

liturgy, and polity
Scribe a person whose profession is to study and copy manuscripts
Social Media an online platform where communities of internet users can interact with
each other
Wi-Fi used to certify the interoperability of wireless computer networking

devices

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REFERENCES
Bautista et al. (2018). Science technology and society. MaxCor Publishing House: Quezon City,
Metro Manila, Philippines
Computer Basics: Getting Started with the Internet. (2019). GCFGlobal.Org.
https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/computerbasics/getting-started-with-the-internet/1/
Discover how Johannes Gutenberg’s printing press increased the literacy and education of the
public. (2019, November 8). [Video]. Encyclopedia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/video/171689/history-printing-press-work-discussion-
Johannes-Gutenberg
Internet - Foundation of the Internet. (n.d.). Encyclopedia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/technology/Internet/Foundation-of-the-Internet
Internet | Description, History, & Facts. (2020, July 17). Encyclopedia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/technology/Internet
The impact of social media on our society. (2020, February 10). Media Update.
https://www.mediaupdate.co.za/social/147946/the-impact-of-social-media-on-our-society

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Novak, M. (2019, Aril 4) A brief History of Communication and Innovations that Changed the
Game. Retrieved from https://learn.g2.com/history-of-communication
Peterson, N. (2009, October 21) Internet vs. printing press [Blog post]. Retrieved from
https://nickipeterson.wordpress.com/2009/10/21/internet-vs-printing-press/

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Biodiversity and Healthy Society 8
“The differences among living organisms of all sources and the ecological complexes of
they are fragments and involves diversity within species, between species and of
ecosystems."
-UN Convention on Biological Diversity
Title of the lesson: Striving for Unity in Diversity

Time frame: 3 hours
INTRODUCTION
The study of biodiversity includes elements of natural history, ecology, and environmental
science. Biodiversity, to be best understood, we should look into various views involving
scientific, aesthetic, and ethical factors. Understanding biodiversity within the ecosystem
concept needs a thorough study of the biotic and the abiotic interrelationship. Biodiversity
plays a significant role in this natural dynamic.
Biodiversity is the essential goods and ecological services that constitute the source of
life for all and directly consumptive value in food, agriculture, medicine, and industry
(Villaggio Globale, 2009). In simple terms, indeed, people will always depend on
biodiversity on the wholeness of our being and in our everyday lives.
That being said, somehow, there are processes in the ecosystem that are not apparent
nor appreciated by us. Think about the necessity to drink clean and freshwater, eat
healthy vegetables and food, or lack a man for mobility such as transportation that needed
fuel reliance. All of these seemingly mundane things are touched in many ways by the
processes of a diverse ecosystem.
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Thus, if we were not able to take good care of our ecosystem, it is we who are putting our
own lives at risk. A significant decline in biodiversity has a direct human impact when the
ecosystem in its insufficiency can no longer provide human beings' physical and social
needs. (WHO, n.d.).
The connections between environmental diversity and health were presented from
various sides at the UNESCO Biosphere Conference in 1968, which studied the scientific
factor for the intelligent use and preservation of biosphere resources. The decrease in
diversity had already been associated with the decline of physical and mental health.
As Chief Seattle once said, human beings have not woven the web of life; we are
merely a single thread on it, we are part of it, whatever we do to the web, we do to
ourselves.
DISCUSSION
Biodiversity and Ecosystem
Measurement and Indicators
Biodiversity can be measured using the following indicators: number of species per area
and the benefits of goods and environmental services.
To use the number of species per area, three elements are to be considered. These are
genes, species, and the environment. Biodiversity is classified at many levels, from
genetic diversity to species diversity to ecosystem diversity. Species diversity is the
number of different species in a particular area on the land, water, and caves. The quantity
of species present is probably the most common measure of biodiversity used by
conservationists; it is measured differently, but most include weighting for numbers of
individuals and numbers of species.

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photo from google images
Another indicator is the benefits acquired in the form of goods and environmental
services. The availability of the goods and resources and the other benefits that we earn
from the environment will indicate the condition of biodiversity in the area.
According to the "Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)." the importance of

biodiversity is "At least 40 % of the world's economy, and 80 % of the needs of the poor
are derived from biological resources. Besides, the richer the diversity of life, the greater
the opportunity for medical discoveries, economic development, and adaptive responses
to such new challenges as climate change."
Biodiversity and Ecosystem
Ecosystems are dynamic interactions between plants, animals, microorganisms, and their
environment working as a unit. Ecosystems will fail if they do not maintain balance. No
community can handle more organisms than its food, water, and shelter can

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accommodate. Each organism has its niche or role in the whole system to play its part to
show its importance.
An ecosystem is a community of biotic factors or living organisms and the physical

environment at any given period of time. The diversity of ecosystems is hard to estimate
as ecosystems change into one another, and large ecosystems may contain various
smaller ones. Our planet is an ecosystem. Still, it has
many others: forests, deserts, and oceans, for
instance, made up of smaller ecosystems, such as
coral reefs and shallow seas within the oceans. In turn,
these are made up of many yet more miniature
ecosystems, such as mangrove swamps, and grade
into terrestrial ecosystems where changes in one
ecosystem will affect the rest.
Biodiversity, on the other hand, is defined as the

variability among living organisms from all sources,
including, among other things, terrestrial, marine, and
different water ecosystems and the complexes of which they are part that includes variety
within species, between species, and of ecosystems. Biodiversity is the different life forms
within a given ecosystem, biome, or Earth. One cannot find all the types of plants and
animals all over a particular country or part
of a nation used as a measure of the health
of biological systems.
Alterations in Biodiversity
Changes in any system could bring varied

effects, and a change in biodiversity could
have various effects on the entire
ecosystem. We can infer that when our
ecosystem is not well taken care of,
biodiversity encounters changes that may
impact human health in such different
cases.
Threats to Biodiversity
Major threats identified by the United Nations' Environment Programme (WHO, n.d.)
• Habitat loss and destruction

• Alteration in ecosystem composition.
• Over-exploitation
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• Pollution and contamination
• Global climate change
Consequences of Biodiversity Loss
Even with the development of technology

and science at present, we still have a lot
to learn about biodiversity. However, the
basic concept of biodiversity loss was
from Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel
Wallace. The species making up an
ecosystem determines its productivity,
affects nutrient cycles and soil contents,
and influences environmental conditions
such as water, processes, weather
patterns, climate, and other non-biotic
aspects.
The decline in biodiversity has many
disadvantages that we understand. As stated by Tillman, "The Earth will retain its most
unique feature, its biodiversity, only if humans have the prescience to do so. This will
happen, it seems, only if we realize the extent to which we use biodiversity (Rainforest
Conservation Fund, 2017)”
Biodiversity and Health
Health is defined as “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” However, in 1986, the World Health
Organization made a defined clarification:
"A resource for everyday life, not the goal of living. Health is a positive concept
emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capabilities."

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The health is a resource to support an individual's role in wider society, rather than an
end in itself. A healthy lifestyle provides the means to lead a full life with meaning and
purpose. Nevertheless, 1) it was not until the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) and
2) mainly the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment [MA 05] that a report on the state of the
world's ecosystems established a link between biodiversity, health, and human well-
being. The degradation of ecosystem functioning and associated losses of biodiversity
have disadvantages in terms of impacts on the quality of ecosystem services, affecting
populations' safety, health, and welfare.
"Ecosystem services are the benefits people

obtain from ecosystems. These include
provisioning services such as food and water;
regulating services such as flood and disease
control; cultural services such as spiritual,
recreational, and cultural benefits; and
supporting services, such as nutrient cycling,
that maintain life conditions on Earth."
While any change in biodiversity can influence ecosystem services' contribution to human
well-being, biodiversity conservation is crucial for social development and poverty
reduction. Therefore, this was the first time a link was established between the
degradation of ecosystems and the fight against poverty and its consequences, such as
the state of health and populations' well-being.
Environmental health
Environmental health is a branch of public

health that addresses all aspects of a broader
environment that can affect human health
and is defined by the WHO as aspects of
human health and diseases determined by
environmental factors. Environmental health
also refers to the assessment and control of
environmental factors that can potentially
affect health and focuses on the direct
pathological effects of chemicals, radiation, photo from google images
and specific biological agents in dwellings, in
urban, agricultural, or natural environments, as well as their indirect effects on well-being.
It connects the social and cultural backgrounds, as well as genetic components.

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Ecological health
Ecological health is used both for human health. It describes

the environment as it focuses on exposures of synthetic
chemicals, such as pesticides or food packaging residues
released into the atmosphere. But rather than focusing on
the health impacts of environmental factors, it seeks to
address the causes. Urbanism has appropriated ecological
health in green cities and agriculture in the context of
organic plant or animal production (without the use of inputs
or synthetic pesticides). Environmental health is different
from ecosystem health. photo from google images
Ecosystem health
Ecosystem health is a metaphor

used to describe the state of an
ecosystem and, according to Aldo
Leopold, the “health of the earth as
he was sick of the violent practices
and thus presented preservation as
the medicine for the earth.” This
medical metaphor is used as a
communication tool and is
accompanied by “health” indicators
to evaluate desirable environmental
objectives. They may involve
conservation of species,
maintenance of evolutionary and
ecological processes, or
ecosystems' functioning.
According to Karr, biological

systems are complex entities with multiple
components that require protection, which is not possible according to him. He also stated
four characteristics required: species richness, species composition, individual health,
and trophic structure (food web). These allow species changes to be detected, and
ecological processes of energy and material flow throughout food webs and individuals'
health likely to influence demographic processes. Therefore, there is a connection
between health (of animals and plants) and ecological function.

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Health Safety and Security, Good Environmental Practice and
the Use of Technology
Health Safety
Regarding the definition given to health by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1946,
it, later on, made further clarifications in 1986 and stated that: “A resource for everyday
life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and
personal resources, as well as physical capacities.”
The statement explains the essence of health as a source that supports a person to work
better in the community; thus, health itself must be taken care of. Meanwhile, other
studies revealed their definition of health as a body's ability to adapt to new threats and
infirmities. As mentioned in the previous lessons, the types of fitness are stated as mental
and physical health. Other types of health are spiritual, emotional, and financial, which,
according to medical experts, have linked to stress levels and psychological and physical
conditions. Considering the effects of health on human beings, it is a must that health
safety and factors affecting it should be prioritized.
Nutritional Impact of Biodiversity
Biodiversity is a foremost aspect that pays to sustainable food production for human
beings; thus, the World Health Organization regards it as a prime component of every
human being. Sufficient nutritious foods are acquired to determine the health condition
of a person.
Nutrition and Biodiversity

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Nutrition and biodiversity are linked at many levels. Intensified and enhanced food
production through irrigation, use of fertilizer, plant protection (pesticides), or the
introduction of crop varieties and cropping patterns affect biodiversity and thus impact
global nutritional status and human. Health.
Health, Biology, and Biodiversity
Almost all living organisms are dependent on their environment to live and reproduce.
The fundamental needs of living organisms, such as air, water, food, and shelter, are
provided by its environment. The evolution of human beings was due to improved access
to these essential needs. Sophistication in agriculture, sanitation, water treatment, and
hygiene have had far more significant.
Factors affecting Good Health
• Genetic factors. People may get genes from their parents that increase their risk
for certain health conditions.
• Environmental factors. An environmental trigger can cause illness in a person

who has an increased genetic risk of a particular disease. Other factors affecting
health are the person’s place of living, condition of the surrounding environment,
genetic health, income or financial status, and education level.
• Social factors. Factors such as marginalization and discrimination can also affect
health.
• Cultural factors. Cultural issues like traditions and customs of a society and a
family can also positively or negatively impact health.
• Environmental hazards. Environmental hazards can cause or increase the risk

of diseases and other illnesses. Examples are pollution from emissions of carbon,
toxic chemicals, and food pollutants, or they can be social, such as dangerous
work and poverty.
• Environment-Related Illnesses Some human illnesses that are linked to its
environment include Parkinson's disease, heart disease, cancer, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, diabetes, dysentery, arthritis, malaria, and
depression.
Technology and Other conflicting factors on Biodiversity, Environment, and Health

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Other factors that affect biodiversity are climate change, pesticides, insecticide, synthetic
fertilizers, and other procedures brought about by modern technology. Modern technology
is instrumental in improving the status of the people's way of living and handling
industries, agriculture, the medical field, economy, and others. However, modern
technology also gives negative results to the environment, especially biodiversity, which
impacts health conditions.
For example, pesticides play an essential role in increasing crop yields, but they can also
pose hazards to human health and the environment. Alternatives to pesticide use could
highly reduce agricultural output, leading to food shortages and increased food prices,
resulting in starvation from certain parts of the globe. It is also recommended to consider
the vulnerable populations when drafting and implementing environmental health
regulations.
A vulnerable subpopulation is a group with increased susceptibility to an environmental

risk factor's adverse effects due to their age, genetics, and other conditions. Mandatory
treatment, vaccination, or diagnostic testing; isolation and quarantine; and deceased
surveillance are essential services given to people.
Safety and Health Management System
Every organization should have a safety and health management system, which includes:
1. health and safety work organization and policy in a company;

2. the planning process for an accident and ill-health prevention;
3. line management responsibilities and the practices, procedures,
4. and resources for developing and implementing, reviewing, and maintaining
occupational safety and health policy.

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SUMMARY
This module tells us that:
• In this lesson, we found out that Biodiversity is found in genetic diversity,

species diversity, and ecosystem diversity. It recognizes the connection of
everything with each other and with the environment to form ecosystems,
and that ecosystems exist everywhere: on land, in rivers, along coasts, and
the ocean.
• We tackled the relationship of biodiversity to our ecosystems and that any

amount of change in the biodiversity of a system could have huge effects
on the life found in that area.
• We’ve talked about the different threats concerning biodiversity and the
apprehensions brought upon by the consequences of its destruction. As
well as the different definitions of “Health” relating to the environmental,
ecological fields.
• At the conclusion of this lesson, we’ve learned that a biodiverse ecosystem

could bring exponential benefits acquired by people. As well as its crucial
influence on social development and poverty reduction.

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GLOSSARY
Abiotic not biological, non-living, devoid of life.
Biotic biological, living, with life.
Biodiversity biological diversity in an environment as indicated by numbers of different

species of plants and animals
Ecosystem the complex of a community of organisms and its environment

functioning as an ecological unit
Species a class of individuals having common attributes and designated by a

common name
Organism a complex structure of interdependent and subordinate elements whose

relations and properties are largely determined by their function in the
whole
REFERENCES
Biodiversity Module General Notes and Introduction. (n.d.). [Slides]. Naturathlon.
http://www.naturathlon.info/fileadmin/MDB/documents/ina/vortraege/25_Biodiv_Introdu
ction_MK.pdf
Biodiversity. (n.d.). Sustainability V.I.C.
https://www.sustainability.vic.gov.au/School/Modules/Biodiversity-module

25
F. (2019, February 14). Biodiversity and the healthy society. Slide Share.
https://www.slideshare.net/FerJTagacay1/biodiversity-and-the-healthy-society
Felman, A. (2017, July 31). What is good health? Medical News Today.
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/150999#what_is_health
Introducing Biodiversity - Science NetLinks. (n.d.). Science Net Links.
http://sciencenetlinks.com/lessons/introducing-biodiversity/
Monrad, S., & Lajaunie, C. (2017, November). Biodiversity and Health: Linking Life,
Ecosystems and Societies. Research Gate.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321419574_Biodiversity_and_Health_Linking_
Life_Ecosystems_and_Societies
NCEP: Module: What is Biodiversity? (n.d.). NCEP.
https://ncep.amnh.org/index.php/Detail/objects/411

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The Information Age

Title of the lesson: Gutenberg to Social Media

After studying this module, you should be able to:

The Chinese developed a

Science, Technology and Society | STS 101

Before introducing the printing press, the

The Gutenberg World

The printing press invention made

Science, Technology and Society | STS 101

The printing press spread the meaning of Christianity

The Post-Gutenberg World

The typewriter, photocopier, printer,

In the 19th century, telecommunications

Science, Technology and Society | STS 101

The Information Age

Around the 1970s, the Information Age began and is

In 1981 the telephone became mobile. The first

The computer has invented towards the beginning of

Science, Technology and Society | STS 101

The Internet has originated in the U.S.

What is the Internet?

What is the Web?

The World Wide Web, Web for short, is a list of various

Science, Technology and Society | STS 101

How does the Internet function?

Things you can do online:

Photo Credit: Google Images

Science, Technology and Society | STS 101

Instagram is a popular Smartphone photo-sharing app, focuses primarily on posting

A free website for video sharing called

Schools, businesses, and other organizations

Social Media and Their Effect On Society

Science, Technology and Society | STS 101

6. Save time and money.

Some detrimental effects of social media:

Science, Technology and Society | STS 101

Science, Technology and Society | STS 101

Lutheranism of or relating to the Protestant churches adhering to Lutheran doctrines,

Scribe a person whose profession is to study and copy manuscripts

Wi-Fi used to certify the interoperability of wireless computer networking

Science, Technology and Society | STS 101

Metro Manila, Philippines

Computer Basics: Getting Started with the Internet. (2019). GCFGlobal.Org.

public. (2019, November 8). [Video]. Encyclopedia Britannica.

Internet - Foundation of the Internet. (n.d.). Encyclopedia Britannica.

Science, Technology and Society | STS 101

Game. Retrieved from https://learn.g2.com/history-of-communication

Science, Technology and Society | STS 101

-UN Convention on Biological Diversity

Title of the lesson: Striving for Unity in Diversity

Biodiversity and Ecosystem

Measurement and Indicators

Science, Technology and Society | STS 101

According to the "Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)." the importance of

Biodiversity and Ecosystem

Science, Technology and Society | STS 101

An ecosystem is a community of biotic factors or living organisms and the physical

Biodiversity, on the other hand, is defined as the

Changes in any system could bring varied

• Habitat loss and destruction

Consequences of Biodiversity Loss

Even with the development of technology

Biodiversity and Health