Forces 2.3: ls 1.

work done, energy and power

Homework:
Today’s lesson:
• Discussing the conservation of
total energy within energy
transformations Starter:
• Sketching and interpreting what are SI units?
force–distance graphs
• Determining work done including
cases where a resistive force acts
• Solving problems involving power
• Quantitatively describing
efficiency in energy transfers

Big Question:
Which phenomena can be fundamentally understood through
application of the theory of conservation of energy?
• Determining work done including cases where a resistive force acts

SI units
Base quantity unit symbol
length Metre m
mass Kilogram kg
time Second s
Electric current ampere A
temperature kelvin K
Amount of substance Mole mol
Luminous intensity Candela cd

All other units are derived units, for example the joule J

1 Joule = F s = units: N x m = units: kg ms-2 m → kg m2 s-2

• Determining work done including cases where a resistive force acts

work done
• Determining
Determining work
work done
done including
including casescases
where awhere a force
resistive resistive
acts force acts

Work
• What is work and work done?

Work is the amount of energy

transformed (changed) when a
force moves (in the direction of
the force)!!!

The amount of work done

(measured in Joules) is equal to
the force used (Newtons)
multiplied by the distance the
force has moved (metres).
• Determining work done including cases where a resistive force acts

Work
work done = Force x distance in the direction of the force

W = F s cosθ

work is measured in joules

force is measured in
Newtons

displacement is measured in
metres
• Determining work done including cases where a resistive force acts

Work done pulling at an angle

• Determining work done including cases where a resistive force acts

Is work being done?

No, work is not being done. The force is perpendicular

to the motion (cos 90 = 0 )
• Determining
Determining work
work done
done including
including casescases
where awhere a force
resistive resistive
acts force acts

Work done calculations

W= Fs
W=F s cosθ

W = (100 N) * (5 m) * cos(30
degrees) = 433 J

We had to resolve the force to

find out its component that
was in the same direction as
the motion of the object (the
horizontal component)
• Determining
Determining work
work done
done including
including casescases
where awhere a force
resistive resistive
acts force acts

Work done calculations

• Determining
Determining work
work done
done including
including casescases
where awhere a force
resistive resistive
acts force acts

Work done calculations

• Determining
Determining work
work done
done including
including casescases
where awhere a force
resistive resistive
acts force acts

work done from graphs

F
a

x mass

s
s

force displacement graphs acc -displacement graphs

work done = area under the graph work done = known mass x area
under the graph
since W=Fs
since W = Fs = m.a s
• Determining work done including cases where a resistive force acts
• Discussing the conservation of total energy within energy transformations

Power
The rate at which work is done. P= W/t where P is power,
W is work and t is time

P = W/t Power is measured in Watts but this is not an

SI unit
W = Fs
P=Watts = N ms-1

∴ P = Fs/t Newtons are also not SI units (W=mg) N=kg

ms-2
Since v=s/t
∴ Power = Watts = kg m2 s-3
P = Fv
•• Discussing
Discussing the conservation
the conservation of total
of total energy energy
within energy within energy transformations
transformations

practice questions
Fill in the booklet pages
Next: Make up 3 of your own questions with a markscheme
you have 30 minutes- you will give your questions to another
group.

1 MCQ question (must be non calculator)

2 questions (min 3 marks each)
 Forces 2.3: l2 energy types
Homework:
Today’s lesson:
• Discussing the conservation of
total energy within energy
transformations Starter:
• Sketching and interpreting pair up to complete the other group
force–distance graphs questions
• Determining work done including
cases where a resistive force acts
• Solving problems involving power
• Quantitatively describing
efficiency in energy transfers

Big Question:
Which phenomena can be fundamentally understood through
application of the theory of conservation of energy
•• Discussing
Discussing thethe
conservation of total
conservation of energy within energy
total energy withintransformations
energy transformations

Energy
1. Light
2. Sound
3. Electrical
4. Chemical
5. Nuclear
6. Thermal and internal
(they are different in topic
3)
7. Kinetic
8. Gravitational potential
9. Elastic potential
•• Discussing
Discussing thethe
conservation of total
conservation of energy within energy
total energy withintransformations
energy transformations

Conservation of Energy
“Energy is not created or destroyed it is
transformed/transferred into other forms”
•• Discussing
Discussing thethe
conservation of total
conservation of energy within energy
total energy withintransformations
energy transformations

GPE to KE
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Physics-Interactives/Work-and-Energy/Roller-Coaster-
Model/Roller-Coaster-Model-Interactive

Have a go at the
interactive simulation.

What do you notice about

the size of the forces

What do you notice about

the energies

What happens if you make

a loop/bump much higher
than the others
•• Discussing
Discussing the conservation
the conservation of total
of total energy energy
within energy within energy transformations
transformations

GPE to KE
Kinetic energy

Gravitational Potential
energy
•• Discussing
Discussing the conservation
the conservation of total
of total energy energy
within energy within energy transformations
transformations

GPE to KE
Kinetic energy

KE = ½ mv2

Gravitational Potential
energy

GPE = m g h
•• Discussing
Discussing the conservation
the conservation of total
of total energy energy
within energy within energy transformations
transformations

deriving KE equation
A force, F, is applied to a body of mass, m, initially at rest on a frictionless surface.
The body travels a distance, s, whilst accelerating to a final velocity, v.

v = u + at
so a = v-u = v ; since u = 0
t t
also
; since u = 0

Since surface is frictionless;

Gain in Ek = work done
W =Fs
W=mas
=m

⇒Ek = ½ mv2
•• Discussing
Discussing the conservation
the conservation of total
of total energy energy
within energy within energy transformations
transformations
• Quantitatively describing efficiency in energy transfers

Sankey diagrams
•• Quantitatively
Quantitatively describing
describing efficiency efficiency in energy transfers
in energy transfers

Sankey diagrams: efficiency

•• Quantitatively
Quantitatively describing
describing efficiency efficiency in energy transfers
in energy transfers

Sankey diagrams: efficiency

Task:
Have a go at the card sort, match up the item to the sankey diagram and
the efficiency

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1heFPKEmbvPz76sODpfDPYmcCSF39OObRHZvI8x2R6IQ
• Discussing the conservation of total energy within energy transformations

Practice questions
2 worksheets:

1. Start with Higher physics

sheet (12 questions)
answers

2. Once complete go on to
previous p2 PPQ’s (3
questions)

Remember to show all you

workings out, state your
equation
Forces 2.3: Ls3 elastic potential energy
Homework:

Starter:
Today’s lesson: get into a working pair.
• Sketching and interpreting force start setting up the experiemtm
extension graphs

Big Question:
Which phenomena can be fundamentally understood through
application of the theory of conservation of energy
• Discussing the conservation of total energy within energy transformations

Hooke’s Law

F = kx
• Where F is the force
(N)
• K is the spring
constant (Nm-1)
• X is the extension
(m)
• Discussingthe
Discussing the conservation
conservation ofenergy
of total total within
energy within
energy energy transformations
transformations

Work done in stretching a spring

2
Ep = ½kΔx

Different materials have different

spring constants
• Discussingthe
Discussing the conservation
conservation ofenergy
of total total within
energy within
energy energy transformations
transformations

Hooke’s Law
Complete the
practical for
Hooke’s law. You
have 40 minutes

Make sure you plot

your graph using
logger pro.
Forces 2.3: Ls3 elastic potential energy practical write up -
plotting error bars
Homework:
finish the write u

Today’s lesson:
• Sketching and interpreting force
Starter:
table race
extension graphs
• skills: tables, graphing on logger
pro and adding error bars.

Big Question:
Which phenomena can be fundamentally understood through
application of the theory of conservation of energy
 Table race
1. What is meant by work done?
2. Name the 9 energy types
3. What is the conservation of energy
4. What is the unit of power
5. Rearrange the kinetic energy to work out v
6. A force of 60N accelerates a 50kg object through a
distance of 200m. If friction is negligible what is the final
speed of the object?
7. A 25N force is applied at 40° to an abject to move it 80m
what is the work done?
8. Annotate a pendulum diagram to show the sizes of the GPE
and KE
9. What is the definition of the joule
 Table race
1. The work done by a force acting on an object is the product of the force and the
component of the point of application of the force on the object that is in the
same direction of the force
2.
3. Energy is not created or destroyed it is transferred into
other forms
4. Watts W
5. v= √(2Ek/m)
6. Wd= F*s = 60N x 200m = 12000J V=√
(2*1200/50) = 21.9
7. Wd= Fscosθ = 25* 80cos40 = 1532J
8. Annotate a pendulum diagram to show the sizes of the GPE
and KE
9. The joule is equal to the work done by a force of one newton when its
point of application moves one metre in the direction of action of the
force
• Discussing
skills: the
tables, conservation
graphing of total
on logger energy
pro and within
adding errorenergy
bars. transformations

Hooke’s Law
table

graph original final

mass mass force length length extension
(g) (kg) (N) (m) (m) (m)
uncertainties
50 0.05 0.4905 0.02 0.025 0.005
plotting error
70 0.07 0.6867 0.02 0.031 0.011
bars
90 0.09 0.8829 0.02 0.04 0.02

How can we improve the table?

What is missing?
Which is raw data and which is processed data?
• Discussing
skills:
Discussing the
tables,
the conservation
graphing ofenergy
onoflogger
conservation total total energy
pro and adding
within within
error
energy energy
bars. transformations
transformations

Hooke’s Law
original final
mass mass weight length length extension
(g) (kg) (N) (m) (m) (m)
±0.5 ±0.005 ±0.05 ±0.001 ±0.001 ±0.002

50.0 0.050 0.491 0.020 0.025 0.005

70.0 0.070 0.687 0.020 0.031 0.011

90.0 0.090 0.883 0.020 0.040 0.020

sample calculations (all examples given using the 50.0g data).
mass in grams to weight:
mass in g → kg (/100),
mass in kg → weight in N = W=mg - mass in kg x 9.81
50.0 / 1000 = 0.050kg
0.050kg x 9.81 = 0.4905N = 0.491N (3sf)

extension:
final length - initial length
0.025m - 0.020m = 0.005m
• Discussing
skills:
Discussing the
tables,
the conservation
graphing ofenergy
onoflogger
conservation total total energy
pro and adding
within within
error
energy energy
bars. transformations
transformations

Hooke’s Law - uncertainties

final
mass mass weight original length length extension
(g) (kg) (N) (m) (m) (m)
±0.5 ±0.0005 ±0.005 ±0.001 ±0.001 ±0.002

50.0 0.050 0.491 0.020 0.025 0.005

70.0 0.070 0.687 0.020 0.031 0.011

90.0 0.090 0.883 0.020 0.040 0.020

The uncertainties
the uncertainty for the slotted masses were stated at ±0.5g = ±0.005kg

the uncertainty of weight

∆ weight = ∆mass x 9.81
0.0005kg x 9.81 = 0.049N = ±0.005N

the uncertainty of the ruler is ±0.0005m, since we use two sides the uncertainty becomes: ±0.001m

uncertainty of the extension

∆extension = ∆original length + ∆ final length
±0.001 + ±0.001 = ±0.002
• skills: tables, graphing on logger pro and adding error bars.

Hooke’s Law -graphing on logger pro

add your graph on to logger pro:
y - Force
x - extension

label the axis

add in your error bars.

go through as a class adding max

and min error bars.
Graph analysis