IB PHYSIC 5.4 Google Slides

5.
4 Magnetism Ls 1 all about magnets

Starter:
Today’s lesson: 5.1 MCQ’s
• Recap magnetism
• Determining the direction of force on a charge
moving in a magnetic field
• Determining the direction of force on a
current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field
• Sketching and interpreting magnetic field patterns
• Determining the direction of the magnetic field
based on current direction
• Solving problems involving magnetic forces,
fields, current and charges Homework:
Big Question:
Why are magnetic field lines are a powerful visualisation for a magnetic field?
• Recap basic magnetic ideas
What do you know/remember about

magnets and electromagnetism?
● 5 minutes
● In table groups write/draw

what you remember.
● feedback
Recap basic
• Recap basicmagnetic
magneticideas
ideas
Describe what
you know
Iron (steel),
using the
pictures
Cobalt and
N S Nickel
Basic magnets -
recap from younger
years.
Watch the video.
Make any useful

notes (things you
didn’t know).
Pause and sketch

any useful diagrams.
How do
magnets
work?
Magnetic fields
● Magnets and electric currents produce
magnetic fields around them.
● In a magnetic field, another magnet, a magnetic

material or a moving charge will experience a
magnetic force.
• The field lines go from north to south

• The closer the field lines the
stronger the field
• Magnetic field is a vector
Sketch the magnetic field

lines: N S
A single bar magnetic
North and north pole

N N
north and south pole
Which direction do the field N S

lines point?
Sketch the magnetic
field lines:
A single bar
magnetic
North and north pole
north and south pole
Which direction do
the field lines point
• Determining the direction of force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field
Right Grip Rule - determine the magnetic field on a current
carrying wire
You may be asked questions that involve a current carrying wire, you must
be able to determine the direction of the magnetic field produced. Always
use your RIGHT hand, the field is the fingers.
Conventional current is the thumb.
Conventional current (positive to

negative) - electrons flow in the
opposite direction
Two videos explaining the right hand grip rule
Magnetic field around a solenoid
You can double check this with your right hand grip rule
• Determining thedirection
Determining the directionof of force
force on on a current-carrying
a current-carrying conductor
conductor in a magnetic
in a magnetic field field
Out of page into page
Sometimes we can represent the current going into

and out of the page.
Note/ We also use this notation for field going into and
out the page.
Determining the directionof of force
force on on a current-carrying
conductor in a magnetic
in a magnetic field field
watch the video with

your partner:
write down 7 things

that you thought was
important from the
video
5.4 Magnetism Ls 2 forces on wires and charges
Starter:
Today’s lesson: what is the motor effect.
• Recap magnetism
• Determining the direction of force on a charge moving
can you explain it use the
in a magnetic field simulation to help you
• Determining the direction of force on a https://nationalmaglab.org/education/magnet-academy/watch-p
current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field lay/interactive/dc-motor
• Determining the direction of the magnetic field based
on current direction
• Solving problems involving magnetic forces, fields,
current and charges
Homework:
Big Question:
The motor effect

• A current-carrying wire or coil can exert
a force on a permanent magnet.
• This is called the motor effect.
• The wire could also exert a force on

another nearby current-carrying wire or
coil.
• If the current-carrying wire is placed in a

magnetic field then it will experience a
force at right angles to both the current We can see the demo of this
direction and the magnetic field lines.
Watch the following two videos. Can you explain what we mean by the
motor effect?
Determining the direction of the force.

We use our LEFT hand rule.
Thumb - force.
First finger - field
always
Second finger - north to
CONVENTIONAL current south
always
conventional
current
Watch the
video for
examples
on how to
use the left
hand rule.
• State and use the relative directions of force, field and current.
Flemings left hand rule

• Which
direction will
the wire
N S N S move?
• Use fleming's
left hand rule
• Draw in the
S N S N field lines if it
helps you?
• State and use the relative directions of force, field and current.
We’re going to explain the Motor Effect!

What is happening here?
Explain the how the motor turns.

What is the role of the split ring commutator
A motor rotation.
● We have a magnetic field and a current carrying wire - that are perpendicular
to each other.
● This produces a force which causes the wire to move.
● The Left hand side of the wire is going to move up. (diagram on the previous
slide)
● Once at the top it needs to move down. (how do we do this)
● Switch the direction of the current - this is done by a split ring commutator.
● So every half turn the current changes direction.
● So every half turn the force also changes direction.
● The wire is connected to a split ring commutator.
Determining the
directionofofforce
forceonon
a charge moving
a charge in ainmagnetic
moving fieldfield
a magnetic
•• Determining
Determiningthe
thedirection
directionofofforce
forceonon
a current-carrying in ainmagnetic
conductor fieldfield
a magnetic
In an electric motor, the electric

current and magnetic field exist (which
are the causes), and they lead to the
force that creates the motion (which is
the effect), and so the left hand rule is
used.
In an electric generator, the motion

and magnetic field exist (causes), and
they lead to the creation of the electric
current (effect), and so the right hand
rule is used. More on this one later
• Determining the direction of force on a charge moving in a magnetic field
Defining Magnetic Field B

The size of the force on a wire in a field depends on the size of the field (B), the length of wire in
the field (L) and the current in the wire (I)
So , F α BIL, or F= kBIL
We can make k = 1 by defining the Tesla as the magnetic field when the force on 1 m of
wire carrying a current of 1 A is 1 N.
So force on a length L of wire carrying a current I in a magnetic field B is given by:

F = BILsinθ
F (N) = B(T) I(A) L(m) sinθ
where θ is the angle between the current and the magnetic field
Common multiple choice application question

Determine the force acting on each wire.
I1 I2 Have to do individually for each wire.

Wire 1
The current is I1 and the field that I1 will
experience is the field from wire 2 so B2
To work out the direction of the field B2 we

use the right hand grip rule
Using the right hand grip rule we

X X •• can see that to the left of wire 2
I1 X X I2 ••
the field is going in.
To the right of wire two the field
X X •• is coming out
X X •• Left: B goes in X
X X •• Right: B comes out •
X X
X X
••
••
B
Now use fleming's LEFT hand

X •• rule.
I1 X I2 ••
F X ••
X •• B2
1 X
X
••
•• F1
X I1
B2
For wire 2: repeat the steps this

time using
X •
I1 • I2 Current = I2
X Field = B1
X • F2
X • F2
X •
X
X
•
B1 B1 I2
One more thing:
I1 I2 Definition of the AMPERE
One ampere is defined as the

current that would cause a
force of 2x10-7 N per metre
between two long parallel
conductors separated by 1m
in a vacuum
5.4 Magnetism Ls 3 EM deflection tube and Q
practice
Starter:
Today’s lesson: what is the motor effect.
• Recap magnetism
can you explain it use the simulation to
• Determining the direction of force on a charge
moving in a magnetic field
help you
https://nationalmaglab.org/education/magnet-academy/watch-play/interactive/dc-motor
• Determining the direction of force on a
current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field
• Determining the direction of the magnetic field
based on current direction
• Solving problems involving magnetic forces,
fields, current and charges
Homework:
Big Question:
But what about

moving
charges
Since a current experiences a force in a

magnetic field, and a current is just
made of moving charges, moving
charges themselves must experience a
force in a magnetic field.
Lets derive the equation

Determining the
directionofofforce
forceonon
a charge moving
moving fieldfield
a magnetic
•• Determining
Determiningthe
thedirection
directionofofforce
forceonon
a magnetic
But what about

moving
charges
• Consider a positive charge q moving with speed v.

• In time Δt the charge will have moved a distance L = vΔt
• The current is given by I = q/Δt
• Given that F = BILsinθ
F = B (q/Δt) vΔt sinθ
F= qvBsinθ
Determining the
directionofofforce
forceonon
a charge moving
moving fieldfield
a magnetic
•• Determining
Determiningthe
thedirection
directionofofforce
forceonon
a magnetic
What does
this mean
The fact that this force is always at right angles to the

velocity means that the charge will move in a circle (if
the speed is constant)
Also since force is perpendicular to the motion,

no work is done. We also get circular motion.
magnetic force = centripetal force

F= Bqv = mv2/r
Bq = mv/r
v = BQr / m
As the electron slows down the radius of its orbit
decreases.
Charged particles move in circles at a constant speed if

projected into a magnetic field at right angles to the field.
Charged particles move in straight lines at a constant

speed if projected into a magnetic field along the direction
of the field
If the electron enters the field

at an angle to the field
direction the resulting path of
the electron will be helical.
Such motion occurs above the
poles of the Earth where
charged particles from the Sun
spiral through the Earth's field
to produce the aurorae.
Determining the
directionofofforce
forceonon
a charge moving
moving fieldfield
a magnetic
•• Determining
Determiningthe
thedirection
directionofofforce
forceonon
a magnetic
EM deflection tube
The deflection tube allows you to show the parabolic path of
an electron beam passing through a uniform electric field.
The beam is deflected, which shows there is a force on it.
The force is consistent with the beam being made of

negatively charged particles.
The beam is deflected by a finite amount.
So it must be made of something with mass. We can deduce

that the beam is made of particles with some mass and a
negative charge.
What happens when you add magnets?

Determining the
directionofofforce
forceonon
a charge moving
moving fieldfield
a magnetic
•• Determining
Determiningthe
thedirection
directionofofforce
forceonon
a magnetic
Watch out: check what field it is in.
electrons in magnetic fields - circular motion
electrons in electric fields - parabolic motion

Determining the
directionofofforce
forceonon
a charge moving
moving fieldfield
a magnetic
•• Determining
Determiningthe
thedirection
directionofofforce
forceonon
a magnetic
Mass Spectrometer - application

In a mass spectrometer, ions are accelerated
by an electric field into a magnetic field.
looking at the deflection we can measure the
mass of the ions
more information on mass spectrometer

http://www.schoolphysics.co.uk/age16-19/Ato
mic%20physics/Atomic%20structure%20and
%20ions/text/Mass_spectrometer/index.html
Determining the
directionofofforce
forceonon
a charge moving
moving fieldfield
a magnetic
•• Determining
Determiningthe
thedirection
directionofofforce
forceonon
a magnetic
Determining the
directionofofforce
forceonon
a charge moving
moving fieldfield
a magnetic
•• Determining
Determiningthe
thedirection
directionofofforce
forceonon
a magnetic
Maths for the Mass Spectrometer

Ions travel between two plates A and B, between which a potential (V) is applied. A magnetic field (strength B) is applied at right angles
to the electrostatic field and so the electrostatic and electromagnetic forces act in opposite directions to each other.
A particle with a charge q and velocity v will only pass through the next slit S2 if the resultant force on it is zero – that is it is traveling in
a straight line.
Electromagnetic force (Bqv) = Electrostatic force (qE)
Therefore, for the particle to pass through S2: Velocity of particle (v) = E/B
But this is a constant, and so only particles with a certain velocity enter the deflection chamber F.
For this reason the combination of slits and deflecting plates is called a velocity selector.
In the deflection chamber the ions are affected by the magnetic fields alone and so move in circular paths, If the mass of an ion is M,
its charge q and its velocity v then:
Bqv = Mv2/r
where r is the radius of the path. Therefore r = Mv/(Bq) and so: Mass of ion (M) = rB2q/E
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/623441ddc52692001d690dda/54-magnets-ib-physics
5.4 and 5.1 practice questions:
● 5.4 exam questions and answers

● 5.4 summary questions
● 5.4 quick check questions
● 5.4 question race
● 5.4 summary sheet
● longest question ever, answer

IB PHYSIC 5.4 Google Slides

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

IB PHYSIC 5.4 Google Slides

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

5.

4 Magnetism Ls 1 all about magnets

What do you know/remember about

● In table groups write/draw

Watch the video.

Make any useful

Pause and sketch

● In a magnetic field, another magnet, a magnetic

• The field lines go from north to south

Sketch the magnetic field

A single bar magnetic

North and north pole

north and south pole

Which direction do the field N S

North and north pole

north and south pole

Conventional current (positive to

Magnetic ﬁeld around a solenoid

Out of page into page

Sometimes we can represent the current going into

watch the video with

write down 7 things

The motor effect

• This is called the motor effect.

• The wire could also exert a force on

• If the current-carrying wire is placed in a

Determining the direction of the force.

Flemings left hand rule

We’re going to explain the Motor Effect!

Explain the how the motor turns.

In an electric motor, the electric

In an electric generator, the motion

Deﬁning Magnetic Field B

So force on a length L of wire carrying a current I in a magnetic field B is given by:

Common multiple choice application question

I1 I2 Have to do individually for each wire.

To work out the direction of the field B2 we

Using the right hand grip rule we

Now use fleming's LEFT hand

For wire 2: repeat the steps this

One more thing:

I1 I2 Definition of the AMPERE

One ampere is defined as the

But what about

Since a current experiences a force in a

Lets derive the equation

But what about

• Consider a positive charge q moving with speed v.

The fact that this force is always at right angles to the

Also since force is perpendicular to the motion,

magnetic force = centripetal force

Charged particles move in circles at a constant speed if

Charged particles move in straight lines at a constant

If the electron enters the field

The beam is deflected, which shows there is a force on it.

The force is consistent with the beam being made of

The beam is deflected by a finite amount.

So it must be made of something with mass. We can deduce

What happens when you add magnets?

Watch out: check what field it is in.

electrons in magnetic fields - circular motion

electrons in electric fields - parabolic motion

Mass Spectrometer - application

more information on mass spectrometer