CHAPTER III

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter concentrates on the discussion of the research method and procedures

adhered to by the researcher is order to answer systematically the specific problems posed

for investigation. Specifically, the research method, population and samples, research

instrument, data gathering procedure, and statistical treatment of the data used for the

accurate data analysis and interpretation were explained in this chapter.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT USED

In this study, the researchers come up with different research instruments to be

used. These are the survey questionnaires and internet. Survey questionnaire is the main

source of information, is made of questions based on collective effort of the group. All

questions are originally made- not inspired from other researches. This is to gather exact

findings about the study and create credibility to every researcher. In the questionnaire,

majority of it focuses on behalf of farmers and his/her involvement in irrigation on

abundance of harvest. Thus, questions that have something to do with the effects of

maintaining irrigation on abundance of harvest may it be in a good or bad way are also

included. Lastly, there are also questions which clarify about the irrigation maintenance.

RESEARCH DESIGN

Our Research Design is Descriptive Research. It is a study design to depict the

participants in an accurate way. More simply put, descriptive research is all about
describing people who take part in the study. Survey is way a researcher can go about doing

descriptive research project.

SOURCED OF DATA

Data Collection is an important aspect of any type of research. Inaccurate data

collection can impact the results of a study and ultimately lead to invalid results. Primary

data were used in this study. Primary data as envisaged were collected by the methods

sufficient for each category. Much emphasis was placed on the collection of accurate and

reliable data so as to be able to come up with objective evaluations and to make informed

conclusions and judgment.

Primary data

Primary data is information and data that are collected at the time of the

study (Kothari, 2008). Furthermore; Kothari (2004) defined primary data as those

which are collected a fresh and for the first time and thus happen to be original in

character. Primary data was collected by using interviews, questionnaires and

observation methods. Its source was based on staff of the organization.

1.1 Interviews

For the purpose of this study, interview was conducted with the farmers. It

is a good method because if the enquirer does not understand he/she may seek

for more clarification. Researcher used personal interview, which were be a

face-to-face conversation between researcher and farmers.

1.2 Questionnaire.

Questionnaires were prepared and administered to the farmers, the

researcher used multiple choices questionnaires, these questionnaires were sent

direct to the respective respondents. However, the questionnaires were designed

to capture the data for assessment as a quantitative tool of analysis.

Questionnaires were made up of a number of questions printed or typed in

English, Bicol and Tagalog languages depending on the comfort ability of the

respondents.

1.3 Observations.

The researcher participated in some of the day-to-day farm irrigation

activities of the farmers observe the maintaining irrigation on the abundance of

crop. These are such as how it’s affected the abundance of crops. Also, the

researcher observe how various irrigation are influential to the abundance

growth of crops. Therefore, it was an advantage to the researchers because we

got to witnessed how maintaining irrigation affects the abundance of crops

while participating in farm irrigation activities as a part of the data collection

process. Through observation the researcher had an opportunity to probe the

effect of maintaining of irrigation on the abundance of crops beyond those

covered in the structured questionnaires, to obtain information as it was

observed, listened or experienced.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

The researchers collected the data by means of a survey questionnaire. The

researchers discussed the significance of the study and created questions from the problem

and individual questions made by the researchers. The respondents are those farmers that

need to maintain the irrigation on abundance of harvest. The research instruments are

distributed to the 22 farmers using hardcopies. After the respondents took the tests; the

questionnaires were checked, tabulated, interpreted and analyzed. These data became the

basis of analysis and interpretation. The result of the techniques used in the gathering

improved the researchers in order for them to arrive at the interpretation of the study.

DATA ANALYSIS AND PROCEDURE

The researchers personally administered the research instruments to the

respondents. They conferred and discussed the significant of the study and accomplished

the distributions of the instrument’s property. The respondents were given 20 minutes to

accomplish the forms to prevent them from giving hasty responses. The researchers went

from one section to another for collecting the accomplished questionnaires. After the

questionnaires have been accomplished, the results were tallied and tabulated. These data

became the bases of analysis and interpretation.

DATA ANALYSIS

In determining the effects of maintaining irrigation on abundance of harvest among

farmers, the multiple choices questionnaire has been used.

Formula;

Where;

W = points of choices

x̅ = number of respondents per weight

N= total number of respondents