CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter describes the participants, the research design, the sampling procedure,
the research instruments and the data-collection techniques, and the data analysis. 

Participants

The respondents of the study were 30 selected teenagers student of Mount Carmel
College senior high school in Baler, Aurora for at least a year when the research was
conducted. The students consisted of 12 males, representing 47% of the participants’
population, and 18 females, constituting 53% of the population. The research was undertaken
in Baler, Aurora from November 22, 2022 to December 2, 2023. The participants were asked
to provide responses to the same set of questions on the effects of fashion trends on personal
grooming during the last quarter of CY 2022-2023 from November 22 to December 2.

Research design

The research design adopted was non-experimental quantitative research design, “a

quantitative research design that is capable of giving qualitative and quantitative data, but
more on; hence, this is often used in the field of social sciences.” (Baraceros, 2016, p. 88). A
particular type of non-experimental quantitative research design used was survey, “describes
the attitudes, preferences,views,feelings,views,and other behavioral patterns of a big number
of people for arriving at a certain conclusion about societal concerns and issues.”(Baraceros
2016,p.88). The participants were asked the same set of questions on the effects of fashion
trends on personal grooming during the last quarter of CY 2022-2023 from November 22 to
December 2.

Sampling procedure

The sampling method employed was non-probability sampling, otherwise known as

non-random sampling, “which involves purposely choosing participants according to some
identified variables” (Pulmones, 2016, p. 68). A specific type of non-probability sampling
used was availability sampling, in which people who are easy to find or locate are picked out.

Research instruments and data-collection techniques

To obtain relevant data from the participants, the researchers used a combination of the
researcher-completed and participant-completed instruments, particularly a survey
questionnaire with the combined features of the open-ended and closed-ended questionnaires.
The survey questionnaire consisted of three parts, the first part on the profile of the selected
teenager, the second part on the level of interest of the teenager in following fashion trends as
means of improving personal grooming, and the last part on the effects of fashion trends on
personal grooming of the teenager. The respondents were instructed to write their answers on
the blanks for letter A and B in Part 1 of the questionnaire (participant-completed) and
indicate their answers by putting checks in the boxes for numbers 3, 4, and in Part 2
(researcher-completed) and according to the given codes for Parts 2 and 3 (researcher-
completed).
As previously mentioned, the researchers constructed a three-part survey
questionnaire. Their research teacher critiqued it, offered suggestions for improvement,
proofread it, asked them to reprint and submit a copy of it for his approval. When he finally
approved it, they distributed copies of it among the respondents with the school principal’s
permission. 
For Part 1 of the questionnaire, the respondents supplied the answers concerning their
ages (on last birthday), and sexes. For Part 2, they checked the boxes indicating their answer
according to the following response codes: 5 (Extremely Interested), 4 (Very Interested), 3
(Moderately Interested), 2 (Slightly Interested), And 1 (Not Interested At All). For Part 3,
they marked the boxes that represented their responses according to the response codes as
follows: 5 (Extreme effect), 4 (High Effect), 3 (moderate Effect), 2 (Low Effect), and 1 (No
Effect). Personal interviews with them were done for verification purposes.
The researchers used descriptive statistical techniques to count, tabulate,
analyze, and interpret the data.

Data analysis

In order to correctly interpret the data gathered from the administration of the
instruments and data-collection techniques, the researchers used descriptive statistical
techniques such as frequency counts, percentages, ranking method, mean rating (MR) and
grand MR computations.
Cross tabulation was done to show the frequency and percentage distribution of data
using the following formula:

% = f  x 100%
                                                                         N

                                      where % is the percentage,

f is the frequency, and
                                     N is total number of the participants

The ranking method was also employed with the following formula:  
final R = R + R 1 2

               n

             where final R is the final ranking,

   R is the rank of one variable as arranged in chronological order,
1

   R is the rank of the other variable, and

2

   n is the total number of the variables

Moreover, the MR, also known as weighted mean or weighted average, was
calculated with the following formula:

MR = f(1) + f(2) + f(3) + f(4) + f(5)

N

      where MR is the mean rating,

                             f is the frequency (number of responses) per category, and
                             N is the total number of the participants

After the MR computation, the grand MR was calculated, too, with the following
formula:

grand MR = ∑MR
                     n

       where grand MR is the grand mean rating,

                                          ∑MR is the sum of all the mean ratings, and
                                          n is the total number of the data set

As shown on the given table, a five-point scale, which is specifically a unipolar scale,
was used to rate the statements on the level of interest of the teenagers in following fashion
trends as means of improving personal grooming.
Weight Range Verbal interpretation Meaning
(Value interval (Description)
assigned) (Scale)
5 4.20–5.00 Extremely Most eager to follow fashion
interested trends
4 3.40–4.19 Very interested Very eager to follow fashion
trends
3 2.60–3.39 Moderately Fairly eager to follow fashion
interested trends
2 1.80–2.59 Slightly interested A little eager to follow fashion
trends
1 1.00–1.79 Not interested at all Not eager at all to follow fashion
trends

A five-point scale, also a unipolar scale, which was shown on the given table, was
used to rate the statements on the effects of fashion trends on the personal grooming of the
teenagers.

Weight Range Verbal interpretation Meaning

(Value interval (Description)
assigned) (Scale)
5 4.20–5.00 Extreme effect Total impact
4 3.40–4.19 High effect Great impact
3 2.60–3.39 Moderate effect Has some impact
2 1.80–2.59 Low effect Little impact
1 1.00–1.79 No effect No impact