CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter contains the discussion of the methodology employed in conducting this

study. It described and expounded the research design, research environment, research

subject, research instrument applied and its validity, data collection method and data

analysis/statistical treatment.

Research Design

This study focused on the crisis management strategies and its impact on business

performance of selected businesses in Marawi City during pandemic. The study used

Quantitative-descriptive research method since it sought to gather quantifiable information in

the form of closed responses, and analyze data using basic and descriptive statistics.

Research Environment

Marawi was founded as Dansalan in October 1639, by the Spaniards led by

conquistador Francisco Atienza who came from Iligan and were attempting to conquer the

entire Lake Lanao area. Dansalan in Meranaw is a place where ships berth – a port of entry.

According to the late well-known Meranaw scholar Dr. Mamitua Saber, Marawi got

its charter in 1940. The granting of a charter to the old Dansalan municipality was jointly

conceived by the Philippine Commonwealth President Manuel L. Quezon and Assemblyman,

later Senator, Tomas L. Cabili. The changing of the official name from Dansalan to Marawi

was through Congressional amendment of the Charter in 1956 sponsored by Sen. Domocao

Alonto. This is embodied by Republic Act No. 1552 dated June 16, 1956.
 The renaming of the city as "Islamic City of Marawi" was proposed by Parliamentary

Bill No. 261 in the defunct Batasang Pambansa, the former parliament of the Philippines

during the Marcos regime, reportedly to attract funds from the Middle East. (Wikipedia.com)

Research Subject

The subjects for this study were the selected businesses in Marawi City. Due to the

advent of the pandemic, the researcher used non-probability method of convenience sampling

in identifying the actual respondents. This was carried out for the safety of everyone involved

in the study and for faster gathering of data. According to the disclosed information by the

Department of Trade and Industry on their website, there are a total number of 397 registered

businesses in the Marawi City. Through convenience random selection, 100 out of 397

business establishments were selected. Because of the risk posed by covid-19, traveling to

different communities is not practical. Thus, the number of chosen research respondents.

Research Instrument and its Validity

The researchers used a self-administered questionnaire primarily as its research

instrument. The questionnaire was revised by the researchers as was checked by the adviser

before the distribution.

The questionnaire is comprised of two major parts. The first part includes questions

about the profile of the respondents such as Religion affiliation, Gender, Civil Status, Type of

Business Operation, and Number of years in business. The second part is composed of

questions on the crisis management plan used by these businesses in terms of preparation,

communication, documentation, planning, monitoring. A Likert scale was employed with

scales ranging from (1) Strongly Disagree, (2) Disagree, (3) Neutral, (4) Agree, and (5)

Strongly Agree.

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Data Collection Method

The researchers solely used primary data in collecting information for the study. The

primary data were taken from the responses of the respondents based on the floated

questionnaire.

Statistical Tools

The researchers used the statistical formula to analyze the information and data

gathered through the questionnaire.

1. Frequency Counts and Percentage was used to quantitatively describe and analyze

the responses given by the respondents specifically for socio-demographic profile.

Formula:

P = F/N (100)

Where:
P = Percentage
f = frequency
N = Total no. of respondents
100 = Constant

2. Mode (x) = L + (fm−f1 )h /(fm−f1)+(fm−f2)

Where,

 L = Lower limit Mode of modal class

 fm = Frequency of modal class

 f1 = Frequency of class preceding the modal class

 f2= Frequency of class succeeding the modal class

 h = Size of class interval

Mode measurement Scale Verbal Interpretation (Likert Scale)

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 1 Strongly disagree

2 Disagree

3 Neutral

4 Agree

5 Strongly Agree

3. Spearman rank correlation was used to measure the intercorrelations of

independent variables and how its related to the dependent variable (impact on
business performance).

6 Σ i ⅆ 2i
rR=1−
n ( n −1 )
2

Here,

n= number of data points of the two variables

di= difference in ranks of the “ith” element

The Spearman Coefficient, ⍴, can take a value between +1 to -1 where,

 A ⍴ value of +1 means a perfect association of rank

 A ⍴ value of 0 means no association of ranks
 A ⍴ value of -1 means a perfect negative association between ranks.

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The same with the preceding chapters, all language mistakes and

errors were already taken cared of. Just read and address the

comments given.

Good luck!

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