1002 For demagnetizing large parts, field reversals are usually _________.

.
A lower frequency than for small parts

1003 For best demagnetization results using a coil with A.C. and passing parts through it you should
.
C both a and b

1004 The advantage of using reversing D.C. for demagnetization is

.
B deep penetration

1005 The magnetic flux in a part increases as applied field is increased. The flux moves along the virgin
. curve of the hysteresis curve
C only once when the part is completely demagnetized

1006 Small parts can be demagnetized in multiple lots by passing them through an A.C. coil provided they
. are
D both b and c

1007 For rings and hollow parts a handy means of A.C. demagnetization is
.
B a central conductor using decreasing current

1008 The most likely tool you would use to determine if a part has been adequately demagnetized is the
.
B field meter

1009 A problem with doing a head shot on a ball bearing is

.
A arc burns damage the surface

1010 The two classifications of media in MPI are

.
B wet and dry

1011. Prior to the use of magnetic particles to detect flaws by magnetic methods, flaws could be located in
iron pieces using
B ordinary magnetic compasses

1012 The ampere is a unit of

.
A electric current

1013 Total current in two parallel conductors can be determined by knowing the distance between the
. conductors and the
D magnetic force exerted per unit length of wire

1014 The direction assigned to a magnetic dipole moment vector is determined by

.
D direction of current flow

1015 The units Webers per square metre (Wb/m^2) are used to quantify a
.
A magnetic induction field

1
ESTestMaker Answers

1016 Magnetic field lines are

.
B symbolic only, and used to indicate spatial direction of the field

1017 In a ferromagnetic material, a region where all the "atomic moments" are aligned parallel to each other
. is called a
C domain

1018 A void in an otherwise homogenous magnetized material presents itself as a point magnetic dipole.
. This is the basis for
A magnetic particle flaw detection

1019 Magnetic properties of materials are a result of

.
A electric currents on the atomic and sub-atomic scale

1020 When discussing magnetization and its effects the magnetic induction field is usually represented by
. the letter
A B

1021 When discussing magnetization and its effects the magnetic field intensity, or as its also called, the
. magnetic field is represented by the letter
B H

1022 The phenomenon whereby the magnetization of a ferromagnetic sample lags the applied cyclic
. magnetic field is referred to as
C hysteresis

1023 When a hysteresis curve is generated for a ferromagnetic material, a magnetic field remains in the
. material when the applied field is returned to zero. This field is called the
C residual induction

1024 The value of H applied to bring the residual value of B to zero is called
.
C induction coercive force

1025 In order to be detectable by magnetic particle testing, a flaw must

.
C produce a perturbation of the induction field at the test surface

1026 To detect a flaw by magnetic particle methods, techniques are developed to

.
A maximize field perturbations in the region of a flaw

1027 Sensitivity of the magnetic particle method depends on the

.
B spatial gradient of the induced field perturbation

1028 Magnetic particle testing has an advantage over liquid penetrant testing because it can
.
C locate subsurface defects

1029 Magnetic particle testing is a practical test method to inspect.

.
D none of the above

2
ESTestMaker Answers

1030 When a discontinuity causes the magnetic field lines to be forced out of the specimen into the air, the
. field in the air is called a
B leakage field

1031 Magnetic particles are available in many colours to

.
B optimize visibility

1032 Which is not an essential step in magnetic particle testing?

.
D post cleaning of test piece to remove magnetic particles

1033 Inherent discontinuities are formed during

.
A initial melting and refining of the metal

1034 The deeper a subsurface defect gets below the surface

.
C the larger it must be to be detectable

1035 In order to detect a flaw by magnetic particle testing the magnetic field must
.
D intercept the principal plane of the flaw

1036 The cgs unit of magnetizing force (H) is the

.
A oersted

1037 The cgs unit of flux density (B) is the

.
B gauss

1038 If the ends of a long bar magnet are bent to form a circle and the ends perfectly fused together the
. result will be
D all of the above

1039 A bar magnet would be considered to be

.
B longitudinally magnetized

1040 Which of the following is not a characteristic of magnetic flux lines?

.
A they attract each other

1041 Inside a bar magnet magnetic flux lines are considered to flow from
.
B south to north

1042 The direction of magnetic lines of force around a current carrying conductor is
.
B at right angles to the conductor

1043 If a nail is brought to a bar magnet it is held by the magnet. If another nail is now brought to touch the
. first nail it is held to the first nail. Subsequent nails can be held in a long chain. This is a result of
A induced magnetism

1044 The end of the compass needle that points towards the northern region of the earth is called
.
D both a and b
3
ESTestMaker Answers

1045 The magnetic north pole is located

.
B somewhere in northern Canada

1046 A single line of force represents the unit of magnetic flux in a field. This is called a(n)
.
D maxwell

1047 A magnet can lose its magnetism by

.
C both a and b

1048 Removal of magnetism from a part is termed

.
B demagnetization

1049 A permanent magnet configured such that both north and south poles are adjacent is usually termed a
.
D horseshoe magnet

1050 The "image" of a magnetic field produced by placing a magnet under a paper and sprinkling iron
. fillings on the top of the paper is called
C a magnetograph

1051 In direct current flow electric circuits, the unit of current is the
.
A ampere

1052 In alternating current electric circuits the unit of current flow is the
.
A ampere

1053 Magnetic lines of force are

.
D imaginary concepts for mapping magnetic fields

1054 Electric current which at regular intervals reverses its direction of flow is called
.
D both a and c

1055 Opposition to electric current flow in a D.C. circuit is termed

.
B resistance

1056 The unit of electrical resistance is the

.
C ohm

1057 The unit of potential difference in an electric circuit is the

.
C volt

1058 A ferromagnetic material surrounded by a current carrying coil becomes

.
D both b and c

1059 The unit of inductance is the

.
B henry
4
ESTestMaker Answers

1060 The ability of a material to emit visible light while being irradiated by UV light is called
.
A fluorescence

1061 The typical duration of a coil shot is

.
A a fraction of a second

1062 The clamping contacts on a large stationary magnetic particle testing unit are called
.
B heads

1063 When a part is magnetized such that the flux lines run essentially parallel to the long axis of the part it
. is called
C longitudinal magnetization

1064 In magnetic particle testing prods are

.
A hand held electrodes

1065 In electric circuit terminology, the usual symbol for voltage is

.
D both a) and c) are used

1066 The common unit of electric power is

.
C watts

1067 The relationship relating electric current flow, voltage and resistance in electric circuits is
.
B Ohm's law

1068 In electric circuit terminology the usual symbol for current is

.
C I

1069 To determine the direction of magnetic field lines in a conductor (assuming - to + current flow) you can
. use
A the left hand rule

1070 For a single straight conductor, assuming modern theory current flow, the fingers on the left hand point
.
A in the direction of the magnetic field lines

1071 In the left hand rule as applied to a solenoid, the fingers point in the direction of
.
C current flow

1072 In the left hand rule, as it applies to a solenoid, the thumb point in the direction of
.
A north

1073 The relative amount of flux linkage between two coils (as in a transformer) is called
.
C coupling coefficient

1074 In order to operate as a transformer, two coils must be linked by a(n)

.
C alternating magnetic field
5
ESTestMaker Answers

1075 The difference between a yoke and prods in magnetic particle testing is
.
B a yoke produces a longitudinal field and prods a circular

1076 As one increases the size of the MPI test system from small yokes and portable units to large bench
. units the single most significant difference is
C the amount of magnetizing current available

1077 When single phase AC is halfwave rectified it is sometimes called half wave direct current. The
. reference to direct current is because
C current flow direction does not change

1078 A part that has been magnetized by ________ requires demagnetization.

.
D none of the above

1079 Demagnetization of a part is usually required when the part is

.
D all of the above

1080 The Curie point is

.
D varies for each ferromagnetic alloy

1081 The number of reversals normally required to properly demagnetize a part using electromagnetic
. means is
C 10-30

1082 Demagnetization can be accomplished using

.
D all of the above

1083 What shape is used for the particles used in magnetic particle testing?
.
D all of the above

1084 Which is a type of particle available for magnetic particle testing?

.
D all of the above

1085 What is the result if magnetic particles are made of a material of high coercive force?
.
D all of the above

1086 Large sized particles are not used in wet magnetic particle testing because
.
D both a and b

1087 The purpose of large particles in the dry powder mix is to

.
D both a and b

1088 The reason agglomerations of fine magnetic particles tend to move through the liquid they are
. suspended in is
C both a and b

6
ESTestMaker Answers

1089 Maximum particle mobility is had for dry magnetic particles with _______ shape.
.
A spherical

1090 The reason for adding a portion of spherical shaped magnetic particles to a batch of elongated shaped
. dry powder magnetic particles is to
B increase mobility

1091 The bulk magnetic indicator is not used for measuring

.
D leakage fields from discontinuities

1092 Daylight fluorescent dry magnetic particles

.
C fluoresce brightly in visible light

1093 In MPI testing using dry powder, mechanical blowers can be used for
.
D both a and b

1094 Dry magnetic particle powders must be handled with care because
.
A the ferrous powders and pigments are considered nuisance dusts

1095 For sensitive wet method magnetic particle testing, coloured particles are typically 5 to 15 µm
. diameter. Unpigmented ferromagnetic oxides for the same sensitivity would be
A 0.5µm to 1.5µm

1096 In general, likelihood of flaw detection by MPI is statistical and increases with
.
A flaw size

1097 Which is not a factor that will affect the level of magnetic flux leakage from a flaw?
.
C part thickness

1098 What is the purpose of limiting the flux density generated in a piece being MPI tested?
.
A reduce the occurrence of false reporting of flaws

1099 For precise delineation of the contour and extent of a magnetic particle indication is required the best
. way to record it is
B tape transfer or lacquer

1100. Flow lines found by MPI in a steel forging are

B non-relevant indications

1101. When photography of fluorescent indications is performed ____________ are used to prevent
overexposure of film.
C special filters

1102. For photography of MPI indications the use of a tripod is recommended. Why?
B exposures are long and camera movement would ruin the shot

1103. Photographs of fluorescent indications require which type of film?

D any of the above, generally no special film is needed

7
ESTestMaker Answers

1104. When a ferromagnetic material is placed in an inducting field H, and H is increased until the
incremental permeability is simply the free space permeability this point is called the
A magnetic saturation

1105. The small jumps in magnetism as a ferromagnetic material is exposed to an increasing induction field
are termed
D Barkhausen jumps

1106. In photography of NDT indications filters are often incorporated as part of the lens optics, why?
C both a and b

1107. The slope of the virgin magnetization curve at the origin of a hysteresis plot is called the
D initial permeability

1108. A closed magnetic path through one or more materials is considered a magnetic circuit. As such, it
can be considered analogous to an electric circuit, the magnetic equivalent to voltage is
C magnetomotance

1109. The difference in colour between an MPI indication and the background colour of the part tested is
critical in evaluation of a part. The colour difference is referred to as
A contrast

1110. Dry magnetic particles should be applied so they have a minimum velocity when they reach the test
part. The reason being
B to ensure they can be caught by leakage fields

1111. The choice of colour of dry magnetic particle to use depends on

D both a and b

1112. What is the name of the technique whereby a part is magnetized first and the particles applied after
the magnetizing force is removed?
A residual method

1113. What is the name of the MPI technique whereby the magnetic particles are applied to a part only
during the time the magnetizing force is applied?
B the continuous method

1114. The purpose of contact pads placed on the electrodes used in MPI is
D to improve electrical contact

1115. The localized overheating of a part being magnetic particle tested, arising from high resistance or
sparking at the electrical contact point is
A burning (or arcing)

1116. The general appearance of the test surface on which indications are to be viewed is termed
C background

1117. The buildup of magnetic particles due to excessive magnetization of the part under test is called
A furring

8
ESTestMaker Answers

1118. A "split-coil" attachment for MPI use is used for

C positioning over a part with no free ends for normal coil access

1119. A five turn coil on a bench unit is 30cm diameter. If 2000amps are passed through it will result in
A 10,000 ampere turns

1120. The process whereby the magnitude and significance of an indication is determined is termed
C evaluation

1121. A "keeper" is used on a permanent magnet to complete the magnetic circuit. The purpose of this is to
A prevent loss of magnetism

1122. Parallel magnetization is

B not a recommended practice for MPI testing

1123. The non-relevant indication resulting when the surface of a magnetized part comes in contact with
another piece of ferromagnetic material is
C magnetic writing

1124. Which of the following materials has the highest relative permeability
A iron

1125. The two basic decisions made before an MPI test is carried out are
C type of current and type of particle to use

1126. To detect a flaw in a low carbon steel shaft, if you suspect the flaw is about 6mm (1/4") below the
surface which method would you use?
B half wave rectified A.C.

1127. Which is the best material for detecting defects wholly below the surface using MPI tests?
A dry powder

1128. Low carbon steels must have the continuous method of MPI testing used on them due to
C low retentivity

1129. The magnetizing current in the continuous wet method, when the bath is applied by flooding from a
nozzle, is usually applied
B immediately after flooding is stopped

1130. The normal duration required for a magnetizing "shot" in the continuous wet method is about
A 1/4 to 1/2 second

1131. Prods or clamps are used to produce which type of magnetization?

B circular

1132. When a central conductor is used inside a tube the type of magnetization employed for the testing of
that tube is
B circular

9
ESTestMaker Answers

1133. Generally an electromagnetic yoke is considered to be used for producing

A longitudinal magnetization

1134. Field strengths of the magnetic field produced by a solenoid (or coil) can be changed by
C both a and b

1135. The guideline to use 40 amperes of magnetizing current per mm of part diameter applies to
A head shots

1136. If using the rule of thumb of 40 amps per mm of part diameter for a head shot, what current is required
to magnetize a 20mm diameter copper bar?
D none of the above

1137. For the same diameter, length and current used, the difference between using a non-magnetic and a
ferro-magnetic central conductor is
A magnitude of magnetic field on the outside surface of the conductor

1138. When performing MPI using prods, the current used depends on
D both a and b

1139. If 24000 ampere turns are required for coil shot using a 5 turn bench coil, what should your current
setting be?
B 4800 amps

1140. In what way does surface roughness hinder the MPI test on a part?
D all of the above

1141. What do the following cleaning methods all have in common? Shot blasting, sand blasting, wire
brushing and scraping
C all are mechanical methods

1142. Which cleaning method is not likely to be used to remove oil films prior to an MPI test?
B wire brushing

1143. The magnetic field produced by a yoke made of permanent magnets is _______ between the poles.
A longitudinal

1144. The swinging field MPI technique is used with

D all of the above

1145. The advantage of the swinging field or multidirectional magnetization technique is

D both b and c

1146. When permeability of a material is quoted without an additional qualifying term the permeability
referred to is
C maximum permeability

1147. Current for circular magnetization of a part whose maximum permeability is 500 will be ___________
compared to a part with maximum permeability of 4000.
A more
10
ESTestMaker Answers

1148. In MPI a handy rule of thumb relating current flow and suspected flaw orientation is; current flow
should be directed _______ major axis.
B parallel to suspected defects'

1149. The strength of a circular magnetic field is not diminished by ________ of a part.
C length

1150. A 2cm diameter pipe and a 2cm diameter bar of the same steel alloy are each circularly magnetized by
a 1000 amp D.C. head shot. The strongest magnetic field will occur on the surface of the __________
-.
D none of the above, fields will be equal

1151. When a hollow non-magnetic central conductor is used to induce a circular magnetic field in a ferro-
magnetic cylinder maximum field strength is at the
C magnetic material's inside surface

1152. When A.C. is used instead of D.C. for a head shot on a steel tube, the field on the inside surface of the
tube is
D both are exactly zero

1153. The best way to determine magnetizing current required for irregularly shaped pieces is
C empirically (trial and error)

1154. When using the prod method of MPI, defects are normally looked for
A between the prods

1155. In order to maintain the same field strength at the midpoint of prods spaced 8 inches apart as was had
with a 6 inch spacing you must
A increase the magnetizing current

1156. Which is not a consideration when choosing current type to use for prod inspection methods of MPI?
B safety

1157. Capacitive discharge methods of producing a magnetizing current do so for only a short duration.
C typically 10 to 100ms

1158. Precracked magnetic steel plates are an effective means of

A qualitative analysis of MPI bath concentrations

1159. Typical pocket sized magnetic field indicators are used to measure
B external residual fields

1160. A low cost rugged tool used to measure residual magnetic field strength of ferromagnetic parts is a
C magnetic field indicator

1161. A good magnetic field indicator (MFI) should have which characteristic?
D all of the above

11
ESTestMaker Answers

1162. Excessive background in wet fluorescent MPI testing results from

D both a and b

1163. The standard steel ring 7/8" thick having a 1 1/4" diameter central hole and twelve 0.007" diameter
holes arranged with increasing depth from the outside edge of the ring is called a(n)
B Ketos ring

1164. Probability of seeing a wet fluorescent MPI indication

D both a and b

1165. Although settling time prior to measuring wet fluorescent magnetic particle concentration is now
increased to 1 hour for most standards, complete settling usually takes
D 24 hours

1166. When viewing the oil carrier of wet fluorescent particles (ie. the liquid without the particles) under
blacklight it usually has a _________ tint.
B bluish

1167. The purpose of adding an antifoaming agent to wet MPI bath is to

A reduce suds resulting from agitation

1168. Indications from medium to deep surface breaking seams found using A.C. MPI
B usually look alike

1169. Fastest particle settlement in an MPI bath would occur for

C larger dense particles in a low viscosity liquid

1170. MPI indication width tends to increase for increasing

D all of the above

1171. Because in general, there exists a direct relationship between indication width and seam (defect)
depth, a minimum magnetizing current level can be set to
B detect significant flaws

1172. Very fine MPI particles which fall into a crack opening can cause the flux lines to remain in the part,
this could result in
D missing the crack all together if nonfluorescent particles are used

1173. When lighting requirements are specified for a blacklight viewing of fluorescent MPI, 20 lux white light
intensity is
A a recommended maximum

1174. What method is used to ensure proper magnetization levels are used?
D all of the above

1175. An advantage of MPI over LPI (Liquid Penetrant Inspection) is that ___________ using MPI.
C coated surfaces can be tested

1176. The difference between magnetic particle testing and magnetic flux leakage testing is
A the type of sensor used to detect fields

12
ESTestMaker Answers

1177. The "standard depth of penetration" resulting from the skin effect is caused by
B alternating current

1178. To understand magnetic particle indication formation you should consider

D all of the above

1179. The main purpose of a ferrite core in the coil type flux sensitive devices for magnetic field testing is
B to amplify the flux density

1180. In addition to flux density amplification, ferrite cores in coil type flux sensitive devices provide
C both a and b

1181. The crystals used in Hall detector type flux sensitive devices are
D semiconductors

1182. The main advantage of the Hall detector as a flux sensing device is
A the small size of its active area

1183. Which materials are not used to make wet method particles for MPI testing?
B red iron oxide

1184. The main disadvantage of a Hall detector as a flux measuring device is

B variability between units

1185. A ferro-probe (or Foerster microprobe) has a high frequency alternating current in a coil mounted on a
_______ core.
A ferrite

1186. Most non-fluorescent magnetic particles used in the wet method are
B unpigmented ferromagnetic iron oxides

1187. For a given mass of fluorescent magnetic particles, 60µm sized particles would be more visible by
containing more fluorescent pigment than 125µm particles. The reason for this is the smaller particles
C have more surface area

1188. Which is not an advantage of oil based vehicles versus water based vehicles of wet magnetic
particles?
B low fire hazard

1189. Which is not an advantage of water based vehicles versus oil based vehicles of wet magnetic
particles?
C lower electrical hazard

1190. When fine fluorescent magnetic particles are seen floating on the surface of their water carrier like
dust and no amount of mixing disperses them it indicated
B insufficient or lack of wetting agent

1191. Rust inhibitors placed in MPI water baths

A provide only short term corrosion protection

13
ESTestMaker Answers

1192. Mineral seed oil is sometimes added to a part after MPI testing with water or oil based baths to provide
D longer term rust prevention

1193. When preparing a bath from dry concentrated MPI particles, in either oil or water vehicle, if the tank is
not equipped with a re-circulation pump uneven distribution resulting from hand stirring can be avoided
by
A premix the quantity into a paste in a blender or small container before adding to the bath

1194. Water used in preparing a water based MPI bath

D can be straight tap water provided it is free from dirt particles

1195. The best way to control oil contamination of MPI baths is

B effective precleaning of parts

1196. Settling volume determination used to establish MPI bath particle concentrations usually uses which
implement?
B a centrifuge tube

1197. Bath concentrations for magnetic particle testing are usually specified as having
C a range of values

1198. The practical upper limit temperature of the part surface performing MPI on a part using a water
vehicle is
C 100°C.

1199. The result of vibrating a sample of magnetic particle bath being tested for concentration is to
B decrease apparent concentration by compaction

1200 The source of contaminants that can cause erroneous concentration readings for MPI baths is
.
D all of the above

1201 Blacklight intensity in post 1990 specifications nearly always quote minimum irradiance in
.
D µW/cm²

1202 The unit of illuminance used to quantify white light for visual inspections is
.
A lux

1203 The SI that is now used as the standard measure of the wavelength of light is the
.
B nm (nanometer)

1204 As light intensity decreases in the visible range the retina's cone shaped cells shut down and the
. ______ shaped cells assume the role of light collection.
C rod

1205 The cells commonly referred to as the "cone shaped cells" and the "rod shaped cells" are to be found
. in the
A eye

14
ESTestMaker Answers

1206 Eye glasses with blue-absorbing filters are used to view fluorescent indications because
.
C both a and b

1207 Maximum contrast when viewing magnetic particle indications would occur for
.
A bright daylight conditions

1208 Eyeball fluorescence results in

.
C an unpleasant but harmless sensation

1209 To reduce the discomfort of eye fatigue when performing fluorescent MPI you can
.
C both a and b

1210 In MPI testing, the difference between the amount of light reflected by the surface of a test piece and
. the amount reflected by an MPI indication is called
B brightness contrast

1211. If two objects, such as an MPI indication and its background test surface have the same apparent
brightness but reflect light at different wavelengths they would exhibit
A colour contrast

1212 Dark adaption from bright daylight to full darkened conditions for a blacklight viewing booth will require
. about
B 2 minutes

1213 In automated scanning systems used for defect detection in MPI testing unwanted background lighting
. is illuminated by
C filters

1214 The purpose of the deep purple filter used on the mercury vapour lamp is to
.
D both a and b

1215 Which of the following can result in an increased output from a blacklight?
.
B line variations in voltage supply

1216 Which of the following can result in a non-relevant MPI indication?

.
D all of the above

1217 Which is not a source of a false indication in MPI testing?

.
B a shrink fit

1218 The purpose of running the circulation pump prior to performing the MPI settling test is to
.
C ensure even particle distribution

1219 The first thing you would do if your mercury arc blacklight did not have adequate intensity when tested
. is
B clean the filter

15
ESTestMaker Answers

1220 Which is a means of determining if the applied magnetic field is in the correct orientation?
.
D all of the above

1221 In a totally automated MPI system, the bath concentration

.
B is monitored by continuously measuring opacity

1222 Cracked blacklight filters are

.
A replaced

1223 An MPI gage cannot be used to estimate adequacy of

.
B longitudinal magnetization from a coil

1224 In the wet MPI method, timing of the magnetizing current with respect to the flowing of bath over a test
. piece is especially important if the test piece is of low retentivity because
C indications could be washed off if flow continues after the shot

1225 The primary advantage of the television imaging systems over flying spot systems used for MPI
. scanning systems is
A cost and availability

1226 The glass commonly used as a filter for blacklights is Kopp 41 (Kopp Glass Inc. Pittsburg, PA.,USA).
. It effectively
D both a and c

1227 Automated scanning systems rely on the _______ to establish if an MPI indication is real or not.
.
B linear nature or patterns of defects

1228 The problem with using drawings or written descriptions as a means of recording an MPI indication is
.
A they are highly dependant on the writing or drawing skills of the inspector

1229 The tape transfer method of recording an MPI indication is easiest to use with
.
C dry magnetic particle method

1230 A major problem with trying to take a tape transfer of an MPI indication where the vehicle was oil
. instead of water is
A longer drying time

1231 Which method of recording MPI indications is different from the others?
.
A a photograph

1232 When using fixing coatings to adhere MPI indications to the test piece surface the part is usually dried.
. What is the reason for this?
C to allow the coating to adhere to the part

1233 Which of the following methods of recording MPI indications is different from the other 3?
.
A magnetic rubber

16
ESTestMaker Answers

1234 The magnetic rubber method of producing permanent records of MPI indications
.
B requires very long duration magnetization shots

1235 The recommended way to make high quality recordings of MPI indications is by
.
C photography

1236 The magnetic particle method does not work if the magnetic flux density is below
.
D none of the above, there is no sudden cut off point below which MPI does not work

1237 When the central conductor MPI method is used to inspect a ring shaped object, or short cylinder
.
C both inside and outside surface and subsurface flaws can be found if the wall thickness is not too great

1238 Rating of yokes is either by the force needed to pull one leg off the specimen or by the lifting power of
. the yoke. The lifting force of a yoke is
B twice the pull off force

1239 When lifting power of an A.C. yoke is specified in kg. you must also specify a minimum
.
C prod spacing

1240 When rotating field MPI techniques are used it is required that you use
.
B the wet method

1241 On which of the following surfaces would you not likely use the dry MPI method?
.
C wet or oily surfaces

1242 The region outside a magnet, where the magnet exerts its influence is the
.
A magnetic field

1243 The following are properties of what? a) they begin and end on poles, b) they appear to repel each
. other, c) their direction is that in which a free north pole would travel.
B magnetic lines of force

1244 If a ferromagnetic material is not taken to magnetic saturation on its hysteresis loop it will follow
. ________ when the applied field is reversed.
B a minor loop

1245 In a unmagnetized ferromagnetic specimen the net (macroscopic) magnetization is

.
A zero

1246 During magnetization of an initially unmagnetized specimen the total number of domains in the
. specimen
C decreases

1247 Steels used in transformer cores and electromagnets would have which characteristics?
.
D all of the above

17
ESTestMaker Answers

1248 The super magnets, such as samarium-cobalt and neodynium-iron are virtually impossible to de-
. magnetize by any means other than raising their temperature over the curie point because of
C high coercivity

1249 As compared to inspecting at the middle of a long tube, when inspecting the end of a tube using the
. longitudinal MPI method, ______ are required of the coil.
A higher fields

1250 How are circular magnetizations applied to cylindrical specimens?

.
D all of the above

1251 The purpose of a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) in the circuitry for pulsed or capacitor discharge
. magnetization is
A to ensure the pulse in unipolar

1252 For field applications, in order to induce a longitudinal field in a section of piping, if a fixed coil or split
. coil is not available, you would probably use
B several turns of welding cable around the pipe

1253 As paint coating thickness increases on a ferromagnetic plate, the force required to pull the yoke off
. the plate
B decreases

1254 What is the disadvantage of doing MPI by the residual method when looking for sub-surface
. indications?
B excessive surface noise can mask small indications

1255 Which could be considered "sub-surface flaw"?

.
D all of the above

1256 "Banding" of magnetic particles when using the dry powder method with prods indicates
.
B excessive current

1257 Most portable field indicators, such as the "pie" gauge are used to
.
C indicate general direction of surface fields

1258 Irregularly shaped parts that have been magnetized are demagnetized by
.
D there is no effective way to completely demagnetize an irregular part other than heating over the curie
temperature
1259 Soft iron bars placed across the pole ends of horseshoe magnets are called
.
B keepers

1260 To detect radial cracking on a bolt flange 2cm thick, 30cm diameter with an inside diameter of 25cm
. you could probably use
B a central conductor for circular magnetization

1261 The most important factor in MPI for detectability of a defect is

.
C direction of induced magnetic field

18
ESTestMaker Answers

1262 Welding machines, magnetic chucks, contact with electromagnetic lifting devices and permanent
. magnets are the cause of what problem?
B unwanted residual magnetism in ferromagnetic parts

1263 If a UV filter used for photography of fluorescent indications was made of fluorescent material what
. would the effect be?
A cause fogging of the image

1264 When taking photographs of NDT indications it is often advised to take several exposures of the same
. view but using different f-stops. The reason is
B to compensate for unforeseen conditions

1265 The problem with de-magnetizing a piece by raising its temperature to over the curie point is it
.
A is often impractical

1266 Ferromagnetic materials that contain very high residual fields are
.
D none of the above, retentivity has nothing to do with ease of demagnetization

1267 What is the advantage of photography of MPI indications over other archival methods?
.
D all of the above

1268 The best way to demagnetize a long tube would be

.
A reversing D.C. with a central conductor

1269 Ferromagnetic materials having very high coercivity have

.
D none of the above, coercivity is not determined by the magnitude of residual field

1270 When using reversing D.C. to demagnetize a part about 30 reversals of decreasing amperage are
. used in a time of
C 30 seconds

1271 In most cases A.C. demagnetization methods are adequate for parts having a cross-section of not
. more than
B 50mm

1272 The coil 30 point step down D.C. demagnetization is not an acceptable method for
.
C small sized, soft steel objects at high production rates

1273 Field strength within a magnetizing coil

.
B greatest near the inside wall of the coil

1274 Which of the following is an acceptable practice for demagnetization?

.
B pass short objects through demag coils end to end in a chain

1275 Operator safety as it concerns MPI testing equipment usually concerns the
.
D both a and b

19
ESTestMaker Answers

1276 The safety hazard associated with petroleum distillates used as vehicles for MPI is
.
D all of the above

1277 When working over tanks of petroleum distillates used for MPI particle vehicles the safety precaution
. that would be taken is
C ensure proper ventilation

1278 Some blacklights come with thin outer glass filter envelope around the discharge lamp. Should this
. outer shell break the inner lamp continues to work. If the outer shell cracks you should
B turn it off and discard it immediately

1279 Even a cool well ventilated environment, there is still a safety risk of explosion when performing
. fluorescent MPI. What is the source of this risk?
C high intensity discharge lamps

1280 The ultraviolet light used in NDT for viewing fluorescent indications is called
.
D all of the above

1281 Prior to the main electrodes arcing what must occur in the mercury vapour blacklight lamps?
.
C the mercury must vaporize

1282 The purpose of the aluminized surface on the inside surface of the outer glass bulb of the mercury
. vapour lamp is to
B produce a spot profile of light

1283 When voltage drops more than 15% or power has been switched off to the blacklight the arc ceases
. and attempts to immediately restart it will fail because
C mercury vapour pressure must reduce by cooling before the arc will re-start

1284 Bulb radiance output from a mercury vapour blacklight can rise suddenly as a result of
.
A line voltage surge

1285 The phosphor coating on the glass filter envelope of blacklight tubes emits
.
B UV-A and visible light

1286 The reason blacklight tubes are not used for critical fluorescent viewing is
.
A their irradiance is mush lower than the medium pressure mercury vapour lamps

1287 In MPI testing (and any work with electric apparatus) risk of dangerous electric shock is increased in
. the presence of water or moisture on or around the body because
C the body's electrical resistance is lowered allowing higher currents to flow

1288 From an MPI safety point of view, if you cannot eliminate the possibility of a spark occurring you
. should
B control the environment so an explosion cannot occur

1289 Adherence to the empirical rules set down for MPI will
.
C often lead to over magnetization and poor coverage

20
ESTestMaker Answers

1290 The purpose of the ketos tool steel ring is to

.
A determine the effectiveness of the magnetic particle system's performance, especially the particles

1291 Which of the blocks listed below is not a magnetic particle inspection reference standard?
.
C I.I.W. calibration block

1292 The number of holes 0.07mm diameter found in the ketos tool steel ring standard is
.
C 12

1293 Raised cross indicators and pie gages are

.
B MPI field direction indications

1294 In MPI testing the pie gage is read by

.
A slots perpendicular to the flux lines producing distinct indications

1295 When viewing parts with blacklight both direct and reflected blacklight striking the eye should be
. avoided because
C vision becomes clouded due to ocular fluorescence

1296 The mercury found in the mercury vapour lamp in its cold or off state is
.
B condensed droplets of liquid mercury

1297 Blacklights used for fluorescent indication viewing are usually mounted in fixtures for what reason?
.
D all of the above

1298 The advantage of tubular style UV lamps is

.
D all of the above

1299 UV lamps used for viewing fluorescent indications tend to operate under higher than optimum design
. conditions. As a result
C life expectancy is lower than manufactures' estimates

1300 The unit of light intensity is the lux or footcandle which is based on the human eye's response to light.
. Why is it an inappropriate unit for UV radiation?
A UV radiation is not sensed by the eye

1301 The reason high quality UV light filters, having well defined upper and lower limits, are not used for
. measuring UV intensities in NDT applications is primarily because
B of cost

1302 UV meters should be calibrated about every six months, this is because
.
D both a and b

1303 If coatings are left on a part to be MPI tested you must

.
A demonstrate detectability through the maximum costing thickness

21
ESTestMaker Answers

1304 The prism block standard in MPI testing is used to evaluate

.
C particle suspension effectiveness

1305 When welds are required to have only partial penetration use of HWDC yokes often give rise to
. nonrelevant indications. This can be overcome by
A using A.C.

1306 When using dry fluorescent powders outdoors, ambient lighting must be
.
B minimized

1307 To detect fatigue cracks in a field weld you would most likely use
.
B an A.C. yoke

1308 For crack detection on a painted steel surface that has had the paint removed, MPI as compared to
. Liquid Penetrant Inspection is
B far better

1309 Particle concentrations for magnetic particles applied from aerosol cans are
.
B known and accurate only when the can is full

1310 When performing MPI with A.C, the resulting eddy currents provide
.
A a demagnetizing effect

1311. In order that they be held by weak leakage fluxes, dry magnetic particles must have
B high permeability

1312 Acceptance or rejection of a discontinuity found in a test object is controlled by

.
D the service requirements of the part

1313 Which of the following would risk erroneous test results for an MPI test?
.
D all of the above

1314 If the magnetizing current ammeter on your bench unit is no longer reading current when you hit the
. "on" switch for the current, the problem is
C both a and b could cause the problem

1315 The decision an inspector makes as to whether or not an indication is to be accepted is

.
B evaluation

1316 Rejecting all parts in an MPI inspection which contain relevant indications is
.
D both a and b

1317 Which of the following flaws in a highly stressed steel component is most likely to be cause for
. concern?
A a shallow vee shaped scratch

22
ESTestMaker Answers

1318 Characteristics of discontinuities determine

.
D both a and b

1319 MPI indication formation for dry powder methods will best be formed on _______ surfaces.
.
C smooth, flat (horizontal)

1320 For dry powder MPI methods, inspection on flat horizontal surfaces is preferred because
.
A particles are not pulled off by gravity

1321 Cold working steel can result in non-relevant MPI indications, these result from
.
B permeability changes from increased harness

1322 Although a welding machine can be used to supply many amps of current it is not used for practical
. MPI testing for which reason?
B voltages are too high

1323 Which NDT method would you use to locate shrinkage in a steel casting?
.
C radiography

1324 Which NDT method would you use to detect tight cracks in tungsten forgings
.
B liquid penetrant

1325 The maximum demagnetizing current used is always

.
C greater than that used for the MPI test

1326 When the contact heads of an MPI bench unit are used to direct current along cable to test a large or
. remote piece, the spacer placed between the heads is
C an insulator

1327 For MPI applications, horseshoe permanent magnets have their advantage in
.
B portability

1328 Which NDT method would you use to locate defects in 15mm diameter monel tubing?
.
C ultrasonics

1329 Which of the following NDT methods would be best suited to inspect thin wall (1mm) 15mm diameter
. monel tubing?
C eddy current

1330 Magnetic flux lines intercepted by a discontinuity lying just below the surface flow
.
D all of the above

1331 Austenitic steels are

.
A non-magnetic

23
ESTestMaker Answers

1332 The most likely cause of no current reading when you apply a prod shot to a rough casting (assuming
. you have turned the unit on) is
C poor prod/casting contact

1333 Dry magnetic particle techniques would not be well suited to finding
.
B grinding cracks

1334 In MPI testing the dry powder equivalent to the wet particle pressurized sprayer is the
.
B powder blower

1335 The primary difference between magnetic particle testing and other methods of testing using
. magnetics, such as electromagnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance and eddy current
testing is
B frequency of field oscillation

1336 "Dam" structures are used in MPI testing using _______ techniques.
.
C magnetic rubber

1337 In MPI, the settling test is used to determine

.
D both b and c

1338 Magnetic particles used in wet methods have _________ to prevent clumping and high background
. buildup.
D both a and b

1339 Low retentivity and low coercivity are requirements for magnetic particles to
.
C decrease background

1340 Two long conductors (wires) are placed parallel and near to each other. When current flows in the
. same direction in both wires there will exist a
B net attractive force between the wires

1341 Two long conductors (wires) are placed parallel and near to each other. When current flows in
. opposite directions in both wires, there will exist a
B net repulsive force between the wires

1342 Magnetic dipole moment is a

.
A vector quantity

1343 The magnitude of the magnetic dipole moment is directly proportional to

.
C both a and b

1344 The magnitude of a magnetic induction field at a perpendicular distance 'r' from the centre of a long
. straight conductor with a current 'I' amperes is
C both a and b

1345 When a current is passed through a long circular conductor of radius R such as a wire the maximum
. magnetic induction field occurs at
C R (i.e. the conductor's surface)

24
ESTestMaker Answers

1346 The most significant factor contributing to a material possessing magnetic properties is
.
B unpaired electrons in the structure

1347 In normal unmagnetized condition, the domains of a ferromagnetic material are

.
A randomly aligned

1348 In ferromagnetic materials the ratio of the magnetic induction field to the magnetic field intensity is
. called the
B permeability

1349 The internal magnetic intensity of a specimen brought into an external magnetizing field will always
. __________ the applied field.
A be less than

1350 Magnetic circuits are equivalent to electric circuits hence have an equivalent equation to Ohm's law,
. the term equivalent to electrical resistance in magnetics is
B reluctance

1351 In a magnetic circuit, which is equivalent to an electric circuit, the magnetic equivalent to electrical
. current is
D magnetic flux

1352 The ability of the magnetic particle method to detect subsurface defects is not determined by
.
A specimen size

1353 For colour photography of both visible and fluorescent indications it is recommended to use
.
B normal daylight film

1354 Magnetic particle testing makes use of the phenomenon called

.
B magnetic-flux-leakage

1355 Which stage of processing can magnetic particle testing be used?

.
D all of the above

1356 Polarizing filters are used in MPI indication photography for what purpose?
.
C to reduce highlights and reflections

1357 UV filters used in fluorescent indication photography ;are sometimes called

.
B haze filters

1358 When photographing MPI indications it is often a good practice to expose extra frames using higher
. and lower f-stops to compensate for unforeseen conditions. This practice is called
A bracketing

1359 Which of the following is an advantage of video tape recording of MPI indications?
.
C availability to do subsequent image enhancement

25
ESTestMaker Answers

1360 The fact that only some magnetic domains resume a random orientation when the magnetizing field is
. removed accounts for what?
A retentivity

1361 The total coercive force of a magnetized piece is always

.
B less than the maximum magnetizing force

1362 The requirement for multiple switching of polarity and simultaneously reducing current amplitude is
. had for
A D.C. demagnetization methods

1363 In the reversing D.C. method of demagnetization the current is gradually reduced to
.
A zero

1364 Demagnetization can be improved by

.
D all of the above

1365 The zone of transition between one magnetic domain and the adjacent magnetic domain is called
.
C the Bloch wall

1366 Compared to particles used in wet MPI, those used in dry MPI methods are usually
.
C of higher magnetic permeability

1367 An excessive number of fine small particles in an MPI test will result in
.
A excessive background

1368 What is an advantage to having some residual magnetism in dry magnetic powder particles?
.
B detection of weak leakage fields from subsurface defects

1369 The demagnetization factor results wherever magnetic field lines leave a test piece. In general the
. demagnetization factor
D both a and b

1370 The apparent permeability of a part is a function of geometry. This is a result of

.
B the demagnetization factor

1371 The yoke break test was designed to evaluate flux strength in a steel plate through various coating
. thicknesses. The force to pull the yoke off the plate
D both a and b

1372 An off centred central conductor with a pulsing current supply has the advantage in MPI testing of
. tubular products of
C inducing eddy currents which reduce non-uniformity of field

1373 In general, a surface discontinuity is

.
B more serious than the same discontinuity being below the surface

26
ESTestMaker Answers

1374 NDT specifications may be revised under which of the following conditions?
.
C both a and b

1375 Ultimately the function of any NDT inspection is to

.
D find all discontinuities that the proper use of the test method is capable of indicating

1376 The reliability of finding deep defects wholly below the surface has decreased with the use of the
. harder alloyed steels used in pressure vessels. This is due to
C permeability decreases with increasing hardness

1377 The collection of magnetic particles caught by a leakage field in a magnetic particle test indicates a
. discontinuity's
D all of the above

1378 Very wide surface cracks may not produce a powder pattern because
.
A the surface opening is too wide for the particles to bridge

1379 Which of the following should not be in the list?

.
A ingot

1380 Magnetic particle testing would give best results when used on
.
B soft steel

1381 Which of the following might be considered a disadvantage of magnetic particle testing?
.
C need to demagnetize parts

1382 Eddy current testing can also be used to detect surface and sub-surface defects on ferromagnetic
. materials but is usually inferior to magnetic particle testing because of
D both a and b

1383 The cause of a magnetic particle indication is always a

.
C discontinuity

1384 The void that occurs at the top centre portion of an ingot is usually called a
.
C shrink cavity

1385 Segregation is a(n) _________ process discontinuity.

.
A inherent

1386 Blowholes not welded shut in subsequent rolling processes can result in
.
A seams or laminations

1387 Seams in bar stock formed from under-filled rolls are usually
.
C nearly normal to the surface of the bar being formed

1388 Seams in barstock formed as a result of over filled rolls are usually
.
D at an acute angle to the surface of the bar
27
ESTestMaker Answers

1389 Another name for the "unit pole" is

.
B electromagnetic unit

1390 If a compass needle is brought near a bar magnet the needle will orient itself ______ to the magnetic
. lines of force at any point.
A parallel

1391 The Weber is the MKS form of magnetic flux. The cgs unit is called the maxwell. 1 weber = ________
. maxwells
D 10^8

1392 The magnetic flux per unit area is called the

.
A flux density

1393 Soft iron if brought into the field of a magnet will be

.
B temporarily magnetized

1394 The Hall effect is used to

.
C measure magnetic fields

1395 A Hall detector can be used to measure

.
D both a and c

1396 The negative magnetizing force required to reduce the flux density in a part to zero after saturation is
. called
B coercive force

1397 Commercial single phase alternating current can best be described as a

.
B sine wave

1398 Short duration currents resulting from sudden changes in electric or magnetic condition within a circuit
. are called
D transient currents

1399 The degree to which a material holds a residual magnetic field is termed
.
D retentivity

1400 The opposition to the formation of a magnetic flux in a magnetic circuit is referred to as
.
B reluctance

1401 When an electric current, a magnetic field or an electrical potential drops off to zero, the reduction in
. amplitude of these quantities is given the same term. That term is
A decay

1402 Pulsating "DC" is considered the result of

.
D both a and b are considered to pulsate

28
ESTestMaker Answers

1403 Which of the following does not belong in the list?

.
C reactance

1404 The core material used in an electromagnet is

.
C ferromagnetic

1405 In magnetic particle testing, solenoids are used for

.
D both a and b

1406 The wavelength of blacklight used in fluorescent magnetic particle testing is usually around
.
B 3650Å

1407 A solenoid can be considered to consist of several

.
D loops

1408 When a current is passed directly through a part the magnetization that results is considered to be
.
B circular

1409 A shot of magnetizing current passed through a part while clamped between the clamping contacts of
. a stationary unit is referred to as a(n)
D head shot

1410 A magnetic particle cluster resulting from a true leakage field but not originating from a metal flaw is a
. (n)
D non-relevant indication

1411. Ohm's law can be expressed as

A E = (I) (R)

1412 In a D.C. series circuit what resistance is required to cause a voltage drop of 170 volts when 5 amps
. are flowing?
B 34 ohms

1413 What is the current through a 50 ohm resistor if the potential across the resistor is 12 volts?
.
A 240 mA

1414 Which of the following is the relationship for electric power?

.
D all of the above

1415 The now outdated "Conventional current flow" has electrons moving
.
B from positive to negative

1416 The left hand rule for determining magnetic field direction applies to
.
C modern current theory

1417 The purpose of the iron core in an electromagnet is to

.
B increase the magnetic flux density
29
ESTestMaker Answers

1418 The lagging of flux density (B) behind the magnetizing force (H) is called
.
D hysteresis

1419 In a transformer, if the voltage in the secondary winding is stepped down, the current in the secondary
. will be
A stepped up

1420 Penetration of the magnetic field, all other factors being equal, is greatest for
.
A half wave rectified single phase AC

1421 If Is and Ip are currents, Es and Ep voltages and Ns and Np number to turns in the secondary and
. primary windings of a transformer, which is not true.
C Es/Ep = Np/Ns

1422 Alternating current used as a magnetizing source tends to concentrate the magnetic flux near the test
. piece surface because of
C the skin effect

1423 Which is not an advantage of using AC for a magnetizing current?

.
A increased contrast

1424 Ease of demagnetization depends on

.
C the coercive property of the material

1425 The temperature at which a ferromagnetic material changes to a paramagnetic material is the
.
B Curie point

1426 Upon cooling a ferrous alloy below its Curie point, in the absence of an external field it
.
C becomes ferromagnetic but unmagnetized

1427 Initial demagnetizing current using electromagnetic techniques should be

.
B slightly higher than maximum magnetizing current

1428 Which is not a recommended demagnetization technique using an A.C. coil?

.
B place the part in the coil and expand the coils to twice the diameter while current is on

1429 Why is A.C. not an effective means of demagnetizing large parts?

.
C because of the skin effect

1430 To eliminate the circular magnetism that exists in a part by applying a longitudinal field may require
. several "shots" if the part
C has a large L/D ratio

1431 Substances whose molecular structure is such that an unbalanced antiparallel electron spin exists are
. said to have ferrimagnetism. These substances are called
A ferrites

30
ESTestMaker Answers

1432 Aircraft, automotive and railroad components that have been inservice for some time but not near an
. artificially produced magnetic field are often found to be strongly magnetized. This is a result of
B the earth's magnetic field

1433 The techniques used for demagnetization using D.C. are

.
C both a and b

1434 Yoke demagnetization can be more effective than coil methods in some cases because
.
D the field can be more concentrated

1435 To detect residual circular magnetism in a circular part using a field meter you must
.
B make a saw cut into the part

1436 A ball bearing is to be tested by MPI. Which is the best option for magnetization?
.
B 3 shots at mutual right angles using induced current

1437 Which is not a problem that might result if the wrong choice of particles is made in MPI testing?
.
B oversensitivity

1438 The single most important property to consider in selection of magnetic particles is
.
D none of the above

1439 Magnetic particles used for wet MPI purposes are usually colour coated ___________.
.
C ferromagnetic oxides

1440 The particle shape of dry magnetic particles that is best suited to detection of weak leakage fields from
. sub-surface defects is
B elongated

1441 Clumping of wet magnetic particles on the test specimen is usually a result of
.
C too high a retentivity of the particles

1442 The size of most dry powder magnetic particles used in general flaw detection is
.
C a mixture of shapes and sizes

1443 The typical size range of dry magnetic particles is

.
C 100 - 1000 µm

1444 The typical size range for wet magnetic particles is

.
A 1 -25 µm

1445 The shape of particles used in the wet magnetic particle method is
.
D not important

1446 Compared to visible magnetic particles, fluorescent magnetic particles are

.
B magnetically less sensitive
31
ESTestMaker Answers

1447 Which is not a colour of magnetic particles that should be used on grit blasted surfaces?
.
B white

1448 The advantage of the oil based magnetic particles as compared to the water based is
.
D none of the above

1449 A combination of the residual and continuous MPI methods are sometimes used if
.
C the part has relatively high retentivity

1450 Wet magnetic particles can be applied by

.
C both a and b

1451 The condition reached in a ferromagnetic material subjected to an A.C. magnetic field such that the
. incremental permeability is one during part of each cycle is termed
B A.C. saturation

1452 What is the condition reached in a ferromagnetic material subjected to a D.C. magnetizing current
. when the incremental permeability is unity?
A D.C. saturation

1453 The portion of an electromagnetic circuit that is inside the coil (winding) is called the
.
B core

1454 When a part is magnetized by a current flow of very brief duration it is said to be
.
C flash magnetized

1455 In full wave rectified A.C. the peak current is

.
B 1.4 times the r.m.s. value

1456 When an electric current is forced to flow across a gaseous gap the result is
.
B an arc

1457 Articulated pole pieces are usually found on these.

.
A yokes

1458 The closed path followed by a magnetic flux line or group of flux lines is called a
.
B magnetic circuit

1459 A device used to measure the strength of magnets or magnetic fields is a

.
A magnetometer

1460 The relative permeability of copper ;is

.
D <1

1461 The relative permeability of a diamagnetic material is

.
D <1
32
ESTestMaker Answers

1462 The sensitivity of an MPI test is dependant upon

.
D a combination of the above

1463 The type of magnetic particles used in an MPI test is determined by

.
D all of the above

1464 To detect the #3 hole (0.7" dia. 0.21" deep) in a Ketos ring using a central conductor, which would
. detect the hole using the least current?
A half wave A.C.

1465 Sensitivity of the residual method of MPI testing when the test part is immersed
.
C increases with time immersed

1466 The standard 1/2 second "shot" duration in the continuous wet method assumes
.
A correct particle concentration

1467 The decision to use circular or longitudinal magnetization is determined by

.
D both a and b

1468 When a tubular part is MPI tested using a head shot where the current is passed through the tube
. itself the field strength on the inside surface of the tube compared to the outside is
B zero

1469 Shafts, drums and girders can be _______ magnetized by coiling a flexible cable around the part and
. passing a current through the cable.
A longitudinally

1470 As result of a head shot, the magnetic lines of force take the general form of
.
C concentric rings about the part axis

1471 Equations for ampere turns required for a coil shot are usually qualified by conditions. Which is not a
. condition usually stipulated?
B maximum part length

1472 When is the equation It = 45000 /(L/D) used?

.
B for coil shots on parts with an L/D ratio <4

1473 Recommended D.C. current for a head shot is based on a part's diameter. Rule of thumb for a head
. shot is _______ amps / mm part diameter.
C 40

1474 Given a solid steel shaft 1m long and 20 cm diameter, what is the current recommended for a 5 turn
. coil shot assuming the bar is not centred in the coil?
B 1000 amperes

1475 Given a hollow steel shaft 1m long and 10cm diameter, what magnetizing current would you use with a
. 5 turn coil with the part at the bottom of the coil?
D 600 amperes

33
ESTestMaker Answers

1476 Given a steel bar 1 foot long and 3 inches diameter, what current should you use for the coil shot with
. a 3 turn coil (part placed at bottom of coil)?
B 2000 amps

1477 When it may be possible to damage parts exposed to magnetic particles or the liquid vehicle the
. inspector may have to
C plug holes and mask surfaces

1478 Vapour degreasing would not be an effective cleaning method for which material?
.
B mineral deposits

1479 A problem with performing an MPI test on a part that does not have its thin layer of paint or plating
. removed is
D all indications have the "fuzzy" subsurface appearance

1480 A coil shot is not effective if the ratio of the long to short dimension is less than
.
B 2

1481 The purpose of a swinging field set up for MPI testing is to

.
D increase detectability of randomly oriented defects

1482 When using 2 A.C. fields to provide a swinging field MPI test ________ to be effective.
.
C the 2 fields must be 50ø to 130ø out of phase

1483 In the swinging field method of MPI testing the application of the test medium (particles) is
.
B during the field application

1484 Calculations for coil currents for longitudinal magnetization of cylindrical parts assume the cross-
. sectional area of the coil is at least 10 times the part cross-section. What minimum radius would a coil
need to be to test a rod 20cm diameter?
A 31.6cm

1485 Although it is possible to magnetize a material whose maximum permeability is 100, a limiting factor
. might be
B current output of your equipment

1486 A circularly magnetized bar 2 inches in diameter carrying 1000 amps will have a field strength
. _________ a bar of the same material having a diameter of 4 inches carrying 1000 amp current.
D twice that of

1487 It may be possible to detect cracks on the inside surface of cylinders magnetized using a head shot.
. This is because
A cracks have depth

1488 When a central conductor is used to induce a circular field in a cylinder, maximum field on the cylinder
. is had on the cylinder inside surface when the central conductor is
D none of the above, central conductor material is not the controlling factor

1489 For very large parts where even stationary MPI units could not supply sufficient current for head or coil
. shots, it may be possible to secure higher strength fields by means of
A prods or yokes

34
ESTestMaker Answers

1490 In MPI testing of irregular shaped objects using D.C. head shots, field strength is
.
B greater at small diameters or sections

1491 Current distribution in a part MPI tested using prods depends on

.
D all of the above

1492 When you move half the prod spacing from the midpoint of the prod centre-line the field is
.
C much less than on the centre-line

1493 Maximum practical prod spacing is about

.
C 8 inches 20 cm

1494 Another term for the capacitive discharge method of producing magnetizing current is
.
A rod shot

1495 Prolonged agitation of wet fluorescent magnetic particles in large stationary bench units will result in
.
B reduced sensitivity due to abrading of fluorescent coating

1496 The two main components of a magnetic field indicator are

.
A a movable magnet and a fixed magnet

1497 The sensing magnet in a magnetic field indicator brought next to a part with an associated external
. magnetic field will try to rotate ______ to the resultant vector of the two fields.
C parallel

1498 The pointer, attached to the sensing magnet in a magnetic field indicator points _______ to the field
. resulting from the interaction of the sensing magnet and the magnetic field of the part tested.
D perpendicular

1499 Accurate calibration of a magnetic field indicator is provided by

.
B a Helmholtz coil's uniform field

1500 Using a Ketos ring and holding all test parameters constant except for fluorescent particle
. concentration; hole detectability _________ with increasing particle concentration
D increases to a maximum then decreases

1501 Variation in Ketos ring's permeability can be changed by

.
A annealing

1502 Magnetic particle inspection quantitative quality indicators can be used for
.
B detecting circular magnetism

1503 A Gauss-meter is a device used in conjunction with a ___________ to determine field strength.
.
A Hall-effect probe

35
ESTestMaker Answers

1504 A part that has been demagnetized using an A.C. demagnetization coil may be found to contain
. significant magnetization after being dropped or hammered. This is due to
C subsurface domains remagnetize the outer domains

1505 As magnetizing current is increased in the low to medium current range, magnetic particle indications
. width
A increases linearly

1506 A vigorous or cascading application of magnetic particle bath can

.
B wash indications from the location where they were first formed

1507 To avoid an MPI bath washing an indication away when the current is removed you can
.
C both a and b

1508 Many daylight magnetic particles have fluorescence. The advantage of this is
.
D both a and b

1509 If very fine particles are used in an MPI test where a large crack occurs they could fill the opening.
. The bridging that results will
A short circuit the flux leakage lines causing them to remain within the part

1510 Apart from being annoying, lens fluorescence causes

.
B reduced contrast

1511. As it relates to the amplitude of the induced magnetic field, the _______ current value is most
significant.
A peak

1512 What is the only acceptable means of determining if magnetization is adequate when the residual
. method is used?
B a test piece (test standard)

1513 When sufficient magnetization is applied to a piece such that magnetic particles stick to minor surface
. field leakages not associated with discontinuities the part is said to be
A over magnetized

1514 A means of overcoming the problem of excessive or over magnetization is

.
B localizing the magnetizing fields at the surface using A.C.

1515 The magnetic field properties that most affect flux leakage are
.
A field strength, permeability and angle to defect

1516 The magnitude of the voltage induced between the ends of a wire moving through a magnetic field is
.
B directly proportional to velocity of the wire crossing the flux lines

1517 A simple coil used as a flux sensitive device, when oriented parallel to the surface and positioned
. statically over the flux leakage field of a crack, will have
D zero voltage

36
ESTestMaker Answers

1518 Conductive metals do not make good Hall sensors because their
.
A Hall coefficients are too low

1519 The frequency of the voltage applied to the crystal in most Hall detectors used in flux sensitive devices
. is in the ________ range.
C kiloHertz

1520 In a magnetodiode flux sensor, the property that changes with magnetic field intensity is
.
A resistance

1521 The purpose of arranging a Hall detector at the mouth or apex of a ferrite ring (ferrite C-core) is to
.
C concentrate flux leakage for better sensitivity

1522 The difference between ferroprobes and flux gate magnetometers is

.
A ferroprobes are activated at high frequency

1523 Dry powders cannot be used in water suspensions for the wet method of MPI because
.
D both a and b

1524 Light intensity requirements for daylight fluorescent dry magnetic particles are
.
C not specified in present standards or specifications

1525 Application of a light lacquer or penetrant developer can be used in dry powder MPI tests to enhance
. contrast but the disadvantage is
D both b and c

1526 The disadvantage of reusing dry powder magnetic particles is

.
D all of the above

1527 The problem you would likely encounter if you tried to view daylight fluorescent dry powder in similar
. conditions used for wet fluorescent MPI (UV light in a darkened area) is
B excessive background fluorescence

1528 Fe3O4 (subscript numbers) is the chemical formula for which iron oxide?
.
A black

1529 True material magnetic permeability is not important in magnetic particles until
.
C the L/D ratio of the joined particles exceeds 1

1530 If a settling test is performed on fluorescent wet particles, and after allowing the sample to sit
. unagitated over night (10-15 hours) a thin, brightly fluorescent layer forms on top of the sediment,
B particle breakdown is indicated

1531 Higher flash point oil based liquids are preferred for the carriers in wet MPI testing because of
.
D both a and b

37
ESTestMaker Answers

1532 What is it about fluorescent magnetic particles that requires conditioning agents be added to the water
. used as their carrier?
B their pigments and binders are water repellent

1533 Particle coagulation in an MPI bath can result from

.
C both a and b

1534 In order that indication to background contrast be maintained so as to ensure consistency of defect
. detection in an MPI test what is required?
C maintain particle concentration in the bath

1535 Small amounts of sodium nitrate or sodium chromate in the water based MPI bath are used to
.
C protect pieces against rusting

1536 Addition of a small quantity of mineral oil to an oil based MPI bath is occasionally used to provide rust
. protection. The risk, however, is that
B viscosity will rise above required limits

1537 What can oil vehicles used for MPI baths be contaminated with that water vehicles cannot?
.
D water

1538 A marked increase in background blue fluorescence of the oil vehicle of an MPI bath as compared to
. the reference sample indicates
A probable oil contamination of bath

1539 When using magnetic particle concentrations at the lower limit of the recommended range in a
. recirculating system, you will
D all of the above

1540 Setting speed of an MPI bath sample is accelerated by

.
B magnetized particles

1541 Settling of magnetic particles in the centrifuge tube can be retarded by

.
C both a and b

1542 The upper limit for part temperature when using MPI in an oil vehicle is
.
D primarily a health consideration

1543 The quantity measured in blacklight intensity has units of µW/cm². The quantity is
.
C irradiance

1544 The quantity measured in white light viewing has units of lux. The quantity is
.
D illuminance

1545 If the eye has no sensitivity to the power irradiated (eg. UV light) photometric units quantifying that
. light are
A meaningless

38
ESTestMaker Answers

1546 In the retina the cells responsible for collecting light to visualize images are the
.
D cone and rod shaped cells

1547 An eye that has become accustomed to low light levels is said to exhibit __________ response.
.
A scotopic

1548 An eye that has adapted to bright daylight is said to be exhibiting ________ response.
.
B photopic

1549 The reason you can sometimes detect faint objects in the dark by not looking directly at them is
. because
D both a and b

1550 The electronic equivalent to the MPI term contrast would be

.
B signal-to-noise ratio

1551 Detection of MPI indications is accomplished by

.
D all of the above

1552 The mercury vapour arc was selected as a blacklight source because its spectrum
.
C has several peaks, one of which is at 365nm

1553 At very low light levels (<0.03 cd/m²) colour differentiation is best for
.
D none of the above

1554 The component in wet fluorescent MPI testing that is most likely to cause dermatitis is
.
B solvent based carrier

1555 Which vision requirement is a critical prerequisite for fluorescent MPI viewing?
.
A near vision

1556 Non-imaging scanners used for indication detection in visible MPI testing systems detect
.
B a decrease in reflected light

1557 Blacklight output for a given bulb bares what relation to line supply?
.
A varies directly

1558 Which classification of MPI indication is not attributable to a flux leakage?

.
C false

1559 In an MPI test a scratch is considered

.
C false unless it occurs in notch sensitive or highly stressed materials

1560 When performing the settling test for the wet method concentration determination you find the
. concentration too high. To rectify the situation you would probably
B add more carrier
39
ESTestMaker Answers

1561 Calibration of a yoke involves

.
A lifting a specified weight

1562 The "pie gage" is used in MPI to

.
D determine direction of the magnetic field in a part

1563 If cleaning the filter does not correct low intensity of your blacklight during an intensity test your next
. step would logically be to
C replace the bulb

1564 In MPI, the thin metal devices with artificial subsurface discontinuities etched into them, which are
. used placed on the part to determine field direction and adequacy are
B shim gages

1565 Automated inspection systems for MPI have their advantage primarily in
.
B consistency and reproducibility

1566 When multidirectional magnetization is used to do an MPI test on a part ________ after the current is
. stopped.
D 1 field remains

1567 The imaging equipment used for MPI scanning systems is

.
D either a or b can be used

1568 The advantage of the He-Cd laser used by the flying spot scanning system for automated fluorescent
. MPI, as compared to television imaging systems is
D all of the above

1569 Prior to taking a tape transfer recording of a wet fluorescent MPI indication you must
.
C ensure the surface is completely dry

1570 Which of the following is a process used for pattern recognition in automated MPI scanning methods?
.
D all of the above

1571 The pressure sensitive tape transfer technique recording MPI indications is used on
.
D all of the above

1572 Rubber replica materials such as alginates, when used to record MPI indications have their advantage
. in that
C indications can be lifted from locations not directly viewed by the inspector

1573 To accelerate drying of oil based vehicles off an MPI test piece so a tape transfer of indications can be
. made you could
A rinse the part with an oil solvent

1574 In the MPI indication recording technique that utilizes fixing coatings the purpose of the spray coating
. is to
D both a and b

40
ESTestMaker Answers

1575 Which is an advantage of the magnetic rubber MPI method?

.
C useful for inaccessible areas

1576 Which is not an advantage of the magnetic rubber method?

.
B a fast and easy process

1577 The advantage of using photography to record MPI indications is

.
C quality of image

1578 When performing the residual technique of MPI you should use
.
D either b or c

1579 The reason the central conductor for MPI tests are often made of copper is
.
C to decrease heating effects

1580 When a flexible cable is used in the "laid-on-cable" technique for MPI of welds, the cable is arranged
. such that the return loop of the cable is
A parallel to the outgoing loop and current flow is in the same direction

1581 Lifting force or pull-off force required by an A.C. yoke is less than required by a D.C. yoke because
.
B skin effect concentrates the flux at the surface

1582 The purpose of lead contact covers on prods for MPI testing is to
.
C reduce arc burns

1583 The width of a magnetic particle indication

.
B is always wider than the actual flaw opening

1584 The purpose of the Rowland ring is to

.
C investigate properties of ferromagnetic materials

1585 Laboratory studies of magnetic hysteresis properties of ferromagnetic materials are done using
.
A a Rowland ring

1586 A hysteresis loop is used to demonstrate a materials' _________.

.
D both a and b

1587 Which of the following has the highest flux density at magnetic saturation?
.
C iron

1588 The presence of domain walls can be verified using

.
A extremely fine magnetic particles

1589 Both ferro and ferrimagnetic materials support relatively large _______ for relatively small _______.
.
C B, H
41
ESTestMaker Answers

1590 Cobalt-samarium is considered one of the "super magnets" having a coercivity of several million
. Oersteds. How would you easily demagnetize it?
A heat it above its curie temperature

1591 The apparent permeability of a part is a function of

.
B geometry

1592 The double coil system, whereby a tube to be MPI tested is passed through 2 coils arranged in
. tandem was designed to
B minimize the L/D ratio of the material

1593 Using an AC yoke, detectability of weld cracks decreases with increasing number of weld bead passes
. on a weld crown due to
B concurrent leakage fields

1594 A reason to magnetize a part circularly after it has been magnetized in the longitudinal direction, other
. than to find defects is to
A eliminate external fields on the end of the part

1595 In pulsed or capacitor discharge magnetization, pulse effectiveness is dependent on

.
C pulse duration

1596 The major cause of surface noise in MPI is

.
D both a and b

1597 Surface noise in MPI of specimens can result from

.
D all of the above

1598 When inspecting a part with several diameters by passing current directly through the part you would
.
C use several shots starting with low current for small diameters and increasing current for larger
diameters
1599 The advantage of the Burmah-Castrol strip over other portable surface field indicators is
.
B it places the simulated flaw as close as possible to the test surface

1600 Demagnetization using an A.C. coil is limited to

.
D about 1mm depth from the surface

1601 The purpose of the soft iron keeper used in conjunction with a permanent horseshoe magnet is
.
D both a and b

1602 If correct magnetizing current is unknown for a specific application

.
C determine the correct value by experimentation and record the results

1603 If a part is MPI tested using D.C. and an indication is located how would you estimate depth if it was
. not surface breaking?
A use HWDC or A.C and see if it still shows

42
ESTestMaker Answers

1604 Placing an A.C. yoke onto a large part, then energizing the yoke and removing the yoke about half a
. meter from the part before switching off the yoke is a(n) _____________ technique.
B demagnetization

1605 Mag-Bag or reusable magnetic particle bags are used

.
C both a and b

1606 The result of the inability of a flawed region to sustain the same level of magnetization as the
. surrounding material is
B magnetic flux leakage field

1607 The relative magnetic permeability is dependant on

.
D both a and b

1608 A linear relationship exists between

.
B flux density and minimum size of flaws detected by MPI

1609 To take close-up photos of indications located by MPI you require

.
B a macro lens

1610 When a D.C. bench unit, that does not have the step down demagnetisation option built in, is used to
. demagnetize a part with a cable wrap, how is current reversal achieved?
B manually switching cable connections

1611. How can low concentrations of MPI suspensions be compensated for?

D all of the above

1612 A problem that if not corrected for in photography of fluorescent test indication, will overexpose a film,
. is
A film sensitivity to UV light

1613 Almost anything MPI tested can be demagnetized to an acceptable level using reversing D.C.
. methods; but its disadvantage is
A low production rates

1614 When demagnetizing a ring shaped object by passing it through a coil you would
.
D roll it through the coil

1615 Field strength of a coil wrap magnetization set up can be increased by

.
C reducing diameter of coil

1616 MPI field meters are now provided with two units on the meter face, they would be
.
C Gauss and milli Tesla (B & mT)

1617 The field strength of an A.C. magnetizing coil is about 36% of the surface value at a depth of 1mm into
. a steel piece. About what percentage of the surface field strength would exist 4mm from the surface?
D 2%

43
ESTestMaker Answers

1618 Safety hazard associated with blacklights used in fluorescent viewing of indications arises from
.
D both a and b

1619 Because of its reddening effect on the skin, UV-B ultraviolet light is called _________ ultraviolet.
.
C erythemal

1620 At concentrations below their lower explosive limit, petroleum distillates used in MPI testing will
.
A be safe to use

1621 Why are the high intensity discharge lamps (mercury vapour) used in fluorescent viewing a safety
. hazard?
B the risk of explosion upon impact

1622 Which ultraviolet light is to be avoided due to its health hazards?

.
D both b and c

1623 What is not housed in the quartz tube of the standard high pressure mercury vapour lamps used for
. lamps used for fluorescent indication viewing?
C a large value resistor

1624 Why do the main electrodes of the mercury vapour blacklight not arc immediately upon switching on
. the current to the lamp?
A there is insufficient mercury vapour to conduct an arc

1625 If a blacklight is used for frequent but only intermittent inspections it should be _______ between uses.
.
C left on continuously or in the standby mode if so equipped

1626 Which of the following affect the life expectancy of a mercury vapour lamp?
.
D all of the above

1627 When long blacklight tubes are used instead of mercury vapour lamps the source of UV radiation is
.
A mercury vapour

1628 Although total blacklight energy output of a bank of blacklight tubes may be about equal to a 100W
. mercury vapour lamp their irradiance is lower because
B they cannot be focused

1629 Wearing of UV absorbing glasses has its advantage in that

.
D all of the above

1630 Electric discharge from MPI equipment is usually only a problem when
.
C an explosive air-gas mixture exists in the area

1631 An artificial discontinuity in a sample used to verify the effectiveness of a test system is a
.
B reference standard

44
ESTestMaker Answers

1632 In MPI testing artificial discontinuities are used for

.
D both a and b

1633 The split prism test block utilizes which method of magnetization?
.
B a central conductor

1634 The result of using "shared flux" discontinuity standards, such as the "pie gage", on convex surfaces is
.
C excessive magnetization will be used

1635 Why is it actually incorrect to call the Hall detector meter a "Gaussmeter"?
.
D both b and c

1636 On some small portable magnetic particle units there are 3 cable connection terminals. They are for
.
B A.C., halfwave rectified and common

1637 The ballast in the power supply for the blacklight is a(n)
.
A autotransformer

1638 The requirement for an autotransformer to regulate current flow in a mercury vapour UV lamp is
. because
B the arc tube shows negative resistance and would destroy itself

1639 The advantage of the 125W mercury vapour lamp over the 100W variety is
.
D all of the above

1640 The large 400W flood lamp blacklights are used primarily for
.
B locating large and medium sized indications

1641 Normal life expectancy for a 100W spot mercury arc lamp is about
.
C 1000 hours

1642 A 40W tubular UV lamp and a 400W mercury arc bulb have ___________ at 50cm from the bulb.
.
A similar beam intensities (µW/cm²)

1643 The reason a 40W UV tube lamp and a 400W mercury arc lamp have similar intensities at 500mm is
.
C 40 and 400W are merely electrical not light ratings

1644 The purpose of some manufactures providing a perforated metal strip to be placed over the sensor of
. the UV meter is to
B extend the range of the meter

1645 When performing MPI with an A.C. yoke on a painted surface

.
D paint 50-100µm need not be removed

1646 Which of the following normal specification requirements can the "single leg" A.C. yoke technique
. meet?
D all of the above
45
ESTestMaker Answers

1647 Sensitivity of MPI tests on painted welds is dependent on

.
D all of the above

1648 The settling test for magnetic particle suspensions is appropriate for
.
A agitated suspensions in large MPI "wet" units

1649 In order to use a permanently magnetized block with a network of cracks as an MPI standard for
. evaluating a particle suspension you would need
D either a and c or b and c

1650 The great advantage of the prism block standard for evaluating the sensitivity and or effectiveness of
. an MPI suspension is
B speed compared to the settling test

1651 When performing visible MPI, lighting on the work surface

.
C may be left to the discretion of the inspector or may be specified by code or specification

1652 Even if a part is MPI tested by indirect means (ie. a central conductor) arcing can occur where the test
. part contacts other metal pieces. The source of this arc is
C eddy currents

1653 The requirement for dry magnetic particles to have a high permeability is especially important for
.
C residual magnetism techniques

1654 The purpose of an NDT specification is to

.
A standardize test results

1655 The written document outlining the test parameters and acceptance criteria for a specific product is a
.
B specification

1656 Which of the following provides the NDT inspector with a brief outline of the steps to perform a test on
. a specific item?
C procedure

1657 Safety factors built into component design while still vitally important, are reduced to minimum values
. when
B weight is a major consideration

1658 In general, there is never a requirement for parts to be better than they were designed to be. As a
. result, caution must be taken to guard against
C over-inspection

1659 A defect oriented with its major plane at right angles to the principal tensile stress is _________
. compared to the same defect not a right angles to this stress.
A more likely to be harmful

1660 For a given linear defect lying completely below the surface, detectability _____________.
.
A increases with increasing permeability

46
ESTestMaker Answers

1661 Mill scale on steel plate can form non-relevant MPI indications because
.
B the scale has slight permeability

1662 Under controlled conditions, the width of an indication over a discontinuity that is wholly below the
. surface indicates
C defect depth from test surface

1663 Localized cold working of steel can result in non-relevant indications. These result from local
. increased hardness and are removed by
B annealing or normalizing

1664 The problem with inspecting bearing race rings with a head-shot across the diameter of the diameter is
.
D all of the above

1665 A mixture with metallic properties composed of 2 or more elements, of which one of at least is a metal
. is a(n)
A alloy

1666 Austenite is a nonmagnetic form of

.
B iron

1667 Charcoal is an amorphous form of

.
A carbon

1668 The main constituents of "ordinary steel" is (are)

.
B iron and carbon

1669 If a discontinuity is shallow and broad like a scratch, the flux lines may stream-line below the
. discontinuity. This will result in
D a lack of indication

1670 Work hardening tends to decrease magnetic permeability. Work hardened aluminium can be made
. more inspectable by MPI by
D none of the above

1671 "Handling" cracks located by MPI methods are typical of

.
C gray iron castings

1672 A metal that can be stretched easily without cracking is considered

.
B ductile

1673 A metal that can be easily bent or permanently distorted without rupturing is considered
.
A malleable

1674 Defects found between prods are aligned _________ the line between the prods.
.
B parallel to

47
ESTestMaker Answers

1675 The small regions between rivet holes are best MPI tested using
.
C horseshoe magnets

1676 When using magnetic rubber techniques to record MPI indications the magnetization is applied by
.
D any of the above can be used

1677 In the settling test for MPI, 3 components can occur, lint and dust, metal grindings and magnetic
. particle oxides. Which will be the first to settle out.
B grindings

1678 The magnetization experienced by a ferromagnetic material brought into the influence of an outside
. magnetic field is called
B inductance

1679 When a HWDC yoke is equipped with articulating legs it is usually advantageous to have it also
. equipped with
C variable current control

1680 When checking the ammeter output of a conventional MPI unit the calibrated ammeter reading is
. checked against the unit's ammeter reading at a minimum of
C 3 settings

1681 When small amounts of carbon are added to pure iron the result is
.
C steel

1682 Although hysteresis measurements have sometimes been used to detect flaws, it is more often used
. to
D determine material properties

1683 Magnetic phenomena are explained as a result of electric charges'

.
C relative motion

1684 When two electric charges are brought to rest relative one another, the magnetic force between them
. is
A zero

1685 If two long parallel conductors, 1 metre apart, each exerts a force of 2 x 10^-7 N/m of length of wire,
. the total current flowing in the wires is
A 1 ampere

1686 The magnetic induction that results in a torque of 1 N.m on a coil of the magnetic moment 1 A.m²,
. when placed with its axis perpendicular to the magnetic induction field is defined as
C 1 Wb/m²

1687 The magnitude of a magnetic induction field at a perpendicular distance 'r' from the centre of a long
. straight conductor with a current 'I' amperes is
D none of the above

1688 The use of closed loops to represent magnetic fields is based on an empirical evidence that
.
B magnetic mono-poles do not exist

48
ESTestMaker Answers

1689 A material having all electrons paired can still show slight magnetic effects by electron perturbation
. when introducing an external magnetic field. Such a material is considered
B diamagnetic

1690 The summation of vectors representing the dipole moment per unit volume is represented by
.
C M

1691 The ratio of the magnetic field intensity H, to the dipole moment vector M is referred to as the _____ of
. a material.
C magnetic susceptibility

1692 Magnetic domains in ferromagnetic materials

.
D all of the above

1693 Initial permeability is defined as the slope of the hysteresis curve at the
.
A origin of the virgin curve

1694 The largest value of B/H ratio along the virgin hysteresis curve is called the
.
A maximum permeability

1695 The magnetic field intensity required to reduce the magnetization "M" to zero is called the
.
B magnetization coercive force

1696 Barkhausen jumps are a result of

.
D all of the above

1697 The ratio of magnetomotance to reluctance in a magnetic circuit gives the quantity
.
A magnetic flux

1698 In a magnetic circuit, a small air gap will provide a point of

.
A high reluctance

1699 To overcome detectability problems associated with magnetic field directionality in magnetic particle
. testing, magnetization of a test piece is required in at least __ directions.
B 2

1700 Defect detection by magnetic particle testing relies on

.
A magnetic flux leakage

1701 Which of the following is usually accepted as being responsible for discovering magnetic particle
. testing as a means for locating surface cracks in magnetic materials?
A W. E. Hoke

1702 In very repetitive mass production tests, all variables of the test are controlled so that
.
C only defects considered important are located

49
ESTestMaker Answers

1703 Which service defect would magnetic particle testing be used for?
.
D none of the above

1704 Which of the following would be considered a service formed discontinuity

.
A fatigue cracking

1705 Austenitic stainless steels contain large quantities of iron but magnetic particle testing is not
. recommended for them because
B they are non-magnetic

1706 Which of the following is a limitation of magnetic particle testing?

.
D none of the above would be considered a limitation

1707 Magnetic particle testing is preferred over ultrasonic and radiographic testing for locating
.
B shallow surface cracks

1708 Which of the following magnetic discontinuities would indicate a defect?

.
D none of the above

1709 Failure to remove the shrink cavity that forms at the top of an ingot will result in voids called
. __________ in the finished product.
C pipe

1710 When certain elements of an alloy concentrate in the last-to-solidify liquid the discontinuity resulting is
.
C segregation

1711. Liquid steel that splashes on the cool wall of an ingot mold and does not subsequently get reabsorbed
by the main body of the pour, forms
A scabs

1712 During the primary processing procedure of rolling an ingot, if the rolls become over filled the resulting
. discontinuity is a
B lap

1713 Flakes are internal ruptures in steel that are a result of

.
D both a and b

1714 A magnetic pole exerting a force of one dyne on a pole of equal magnitude one cm away defines one
.
A electromagnetic unit (emu)

1715 What is the repulsive force between 2 like poles, one 30 emu. the other 40 emu, placed 6 cm apart in
. air?
C 33 dynes

1716 What is the net force between two bar magnets each 30cm long place in line with their north poles 10
. cm apart (making the south poles 70 cm apart), assume a pole strength of 140 emu is concentrated at
each pole.
B 175.5 dynes repulsion

50
ESTestMaker Answers

1717 If the field intensity (H) in an induction field of an area in air is found to be 50,000 oersteds, what is the
. flux density in that field?
A 50,000 gauss

1718 Alignment of "domains" in a ferromagnetic material by the application of an external magnetic field is
. called
D magnetization

1719 The potential (voltage) measured across a Hall detector is inversely proportional to
.
C the thickness of the Hall detector plate

1720 Magnetism produced in a ferromagnetic material by an outside magnetizing force is called

.
C magnetic induction

1721 When a part is subjected to an increasing magnetizing force (H) until the induced field no longer
. increases other than that which would occur in air the point on the hysteresis curve is called
A the saturation point

1722 The typical hysteresis curve is "S" shaped the point at the top of the "S" is the saturation point. The
. opposite end of the "S" is termed their
B negative saturation point

1723 The inverse quantity of electrical resistivity is

.
B conductivity

1724 The smoothest form of rectified AC voltage is

.
C full wave three phase

1725 The elimination of the reverse half of an AC cycle by electronic means results in
.
A half wave rectification

1726 The opposition to alternating current flow that results from a solenoid with an iron core is called
.
C inductive reactance

1727 3 phase A.C. from commercial supplies has the phases separated by
.
C 120 degrees

1728 In electromagnetism, the product of the number of coil wraps made by a conductor and the current
. passing through that conductor is given as
C ampere turns

1729 Induced electric current is produced by

.
A the transformer action

1730 The inductance that results when 20 volts are produced by a change in current of 200mA in 0.1
. seconds is
C 10.0 henrys

51
ESTestMaker Answers

1731 A central conductor used in magnetic particle testing is used to _______ in a part.
.
B generate a circular magnetic field

1732 The reciprocal of resistance is

.
A conductance

1733 The reciprocal of resistance is conductance. It is measured in units of

.
D Mhos

1734 In magnetic particle testing, a short duration magnetizing current passed through a solenoid
. surrounding a part is called a(n)
A coil shot

1735 Any patch or cluster of magnetic particles occurring on a test piece that cannot be accounted for by a
. leakage field is considered
C a false indication

1736 Multi directional magnetization provides

.
B 2 or more magnetic fields in a part sequentially in rapid succession

1737 If several magnetizing forces are applied to a piece simultaneously and one or more varies in direction
. or amount the result is
D both a and b

1738 Ohm's law applies in

.
D only in circuits where there is a linear relationship between voltage and current

1739 A transformer in which the ratio of the primary to the secondary voltage equals the ratio of the number
. of turns in the primary and secondary coils is a(n) ___________ transformer.
A ideal

1740 When the primary and secondary windings of a transformer are combined into a single tapped
. winding, at the expense of circuit isolation the result is
B an autotransformer

1741 The sum of the currents flowing into a junction of an electric circuit is equal to the sum of the currents
. flowing out of the junction. This statement describes
A Kirchoff's first law

1742 The algebraic sum of the potential differences around a closed loop circuit is zero. This statement
. describes
B Kirchoff's second law

1743 Using modern theory current flow (negative to positive), if a conductor carried a current out of the
. plane of this paper (screen) i.e. current flow towards you; the magnetic lines of force would move
__________.
A clockwise

1744 Field intensity at the centre of a typical 5 turn coil used for MPI would best be approximated by which
. equation?
C H = 2(π)NI/10r

52
ESTestMaker Answers

1745 A transformer, if connected to a D.C. supply on the primary side will result in
.
D both a and b

1746 The most significant disadvantage of using AC for MPI is

.
A detecting subsurface defects

1747 Half-wave rectified AC is commonly used for magnetic particle inspection but cannot also be used for
. demagnetizing a part because
C the current does not reverse

1748 Three phase MPI units have a significant advantage over single phase units in
.
B reduced current input requirements

1749 Which is not a reason to demagnetize a part?

.
C subsequent re-magnetization of the part in a different direction using higher field intensity

1750 In addition to bringing a ferromagnetic material to its curie point, in order to demagnetize the part by
. heating what else must be done?
C cool in the absence of an external field

1751 The most thorough form of demagnetization is provided by which method?

.
D heating through the Curie point

1752 The reason for using several small decreases in current when demagnetizing a part by
. electromagnetic means is to
C ensure the reverse field overcomes the coercive force

1753 In order that a yoke with pulsating half wave D.C. be used to demagnetize a piece you must
.
D ensure the unit has a current reversing circuit

1754 It is recommended that longitudinal magnetization be performed as the last step in a 2 step operation.
. The purpose of this is
C both a and b

1755 Fe2 O3 is composed of 2 types of atoms having anti-parallel electron spins that are unbalanced. The
. result is
C ferrimagnetism

1756 Unreasonable requirements for demagnetization levels called for in specifications should be
.
B modified in light of what needs to be done

1757 The minimum number of reversals ideally required to demagnetize a part using D.C. demagnetization
. is
A 1

1758 A qualitative substitute for a field meter is a(n)

.
B short length of light iron wire

53
ESTestMaker Answers

1759 Demagnetization using oscillating currents in a D.C. energized solenoid system operate at a frequency
. of
D resonance determined by the circuit

1760 Ring shaped parts passed through an A.C. coil demagnetizer should be
.
A "rolled" through the coil

1761 Extremely fine dry powder magnetic particles are well suited to detect defects resulting in weak
. leakage fields; however, they are not suitable for production type inspections because
C excessive background masks indications

1762 To reduce background and detect only large flaws using dry powder MPI you could
.
C both a and b

1763 Agglomerations of fine particles in the wet MPI method have the advantage of
.
D all of the above

1764 The particle shape best suited for dry magnetic particle detection of broad shallow defects is
.
B elongated

1765 Colours of magnetic particles are a result of

.
D all of the above

1766 The purpose of applying liquid penetrant developer or chalk in alcohol to the surface of a magnetic
. particle test piece is to
C provide a high contrast background for viewing

1767 In addition to the magnetic particles what else is mixed with the paste preparations purchased for the
. wet visible magnetic particle method
D all of the above

1768 The residual method of MPI is most reliable for

.
A surface defects

1769 The advantage of water suspended magnetic particles as compared to oil suspended is in
.
D both a and c

1770 The fluid containing magnetic particles for the wet method is sometimes referred to as
.
B magnetic ink

1771 Failure to stop flooding a part with the magnetic particle bath at the same time the magnetizing current
. is cut off results in a poor test because
B weakly held particles can be removed

1772 The development of the most effective MPI technique for a specific part is
.
B empirically derived

54
ESTestMaker Answers

1773 Indications not well defined, such as sub-surface indications might be are usually termed
.
A diffuse

1774 The purpose of the Sutherland flask in MPI testing is to

.
C determine the proportion of solids in the bath

1775 In half wave rectified A.C., the peak current is

.
C 2(2^½) times the r.m.s. value

1776 The ferromagnetic portion of an electro-magnet, not surrounded by windings, forming a fixed magnetic
. circuit and serving to complete that circuit is also called a(n)
B yoke

1777 In MPI testing techniques, magnetic rubber is used to

.
C obtain replica castings of indications

1778 The equations which when combined with the appropriate boundary condition can be solved to
. describe all electro-magnetic phenomena are ____________ equations.
A Maxwell's

1779 What is the term given to a test piece similar to the product being tested but having artificial or natural
. discontinuities similar in size or extent to the maximum acceptable in the product?
D all of the above

1780 A magnetic flux indicator having a cross-shaped discontinuity below an adjustable cover is a(n)
.
B Berthold penetrameter

1781 The relative permeability of a paramagnetic material is

.
B approx = 1

1782 The choice of type of current to use for an MPI test is determined by which factor?
.
B location of defect (on or below surface)

1783 For a given output of magnetizing force, which is best adapted to portability and least cost in
. equipment?
B A.C.

1784 The peak current on a full wave rectified A.C. MPI unit reading 1000 amps would be
.
C 1414 amps

1785 The effect of increasing hardness of steel on the detectability of subsurface defects is to
.
C both a and b

1786 Maximum sensitivity from the continuous wet method is obtained when
.
D all of the above

55
ESTestMaker Answers

1787 If the principal direction of potential defects in a part to be MPI tested is not known you should
.
D do both longitudinal and circular magnetizations

1788 Which is not an advantage of using the central conductor technique to test tubular or hollow products?
.
B both axial and circumferential flaws are detected

1789 Indirect circular magnetization is produced by

.
A a central conductor

1790 When the magnetizing current in an MPI test is passed through an auxiliary conductor to produce a
. useful magnetic field in the test part it is called
A indirect magnetization

1791 When is the equation It = (1700R / µeff) used?

.
C for coil shots on parts centred in the coil

1792 The equations It = 45000 / L/D and It = 35000 / L/D+2 are both guidelines for coil shots, the condition
. that differs for each is
B coil to part diameter ratio

1793 Equations are often quoted recommending a specific number of ampere-turns for longitudinal
. magnetization of parts. It is usually a guide to ensure what minimum flux density in the part?
C 100 lines per mm²

1794 Given a solid steel shaft 1.5m long and 50cm diameter, what current setting should you use if you had
. a 5 turn coil and the part is not centred in the coil?
C 3000 amperes

1795 Given a hollow steel pipe section 75cm long, 25cm diameter with a 2cm thick wall, what magnetizing
. current would you use with a 3 turn coil if the part is placed at the bottom of the coil?
D 5000 amperes

1796 Given a steel bar 1 foot long and 2 inches diameter, what current should your coil shot use with a 5
. turn coil and the part centered in a coil 300mm diameter?
B 1600 amps

1797 If MPI is to be used on a part by means of prods and geometry prevents prod spacing of more than
. 45mm you should
D use another form of inspection

1798 Paint on a part to be MPI tested need not be removed if

.
D all of the above criteria must apply

1799 A 1/2 metre long pipe 5cm diameter is to be longitudinally magnetized using a 5 loop coil shot. If the
. loop is 400mm radius what current is used when the pipe is centred in the loop?
B 1250

1800 Should an irregularly shaped part have a long to short dimension (L/D) ratio of less than 2, in order to
. longitudinally magnetize the piece with a coil shot you would
A end pieces should be added to extend the length

56
ESTestMaker Answers

1801 When a part is subjected to the magnetic field of a D.C. yoke and the circular magnetization from an
. A.C. head shot, the result is
B a swinging field

1802 What is the reason A.C. yokes are constructed of laminated transformer sheet?
.
A to reduce eddy current loses

1803 A problem with indication formation when using the swinging field technique is
.
C both a and b

1804 Effective permeability μeff can be approximated for coil magnetization of cylindrical objects by which
. relation?
B 6 (L/D) -5

1805 In order that the standard equation for current be used, what is the maximum diameter bar that can be
. tested by coil shot when centred in a coil 40cm diameter? i.e. cross-sectional area of bar not to
exceed 1/10 the coil.
B 63cm

1806 When steels of high permeability are MPI tested the formulae for calculating magnetizing current to
. use
B over estimate requirements

1807 If a long rectangular bar, 2cm X 6cm is circularly magnetized using the 40 A (D.C) per mm about 2400
. amps would be used, where would maximum field strength occur?
B in the middle of the 6cm face

1808 Four bars of the same alloy steel are cut and to be circularly magnetized using a 1000 amp head shot.
. Which bar will have the greatest surface field strength?
A 10mm diameter 1000mm long

1809 You are given 3 conductors each 2cm diameter and 30cm long. Two are non-magnetic, one solid the
. other hollow; and one is ferromagnetic and solid. Which will have the strongest field at a distance of 3
radii from the centre if each is carrying 1000 amps D.C.?
D none of the above, all will be equal

1810 Calculations for coil shot current requirement stipulate length to diameter ratios from 2 to 15. If the
. part has an L/D ratio of less than 2 you should
C use an extension on the piece of the same material as that tested

1811. Calculation for coil shot current requirements stipulate they be used for length to width ratios of 2 to
15. If the L/D is greater than 15 you should
C use the value 15 in the equation

1812 When D.C. is passed through an irregularly shaped part the current is
.
A distributed evenly over the cross-sections

1813 Half wave rectified A.C. is preferred over D.C. because of

.
D all of the above

1814 Circular magnetism is preferred over longitudinal magnetization for what reason?
.
B fewer poles result which could cause confusion

57
ESTestMaker Answers

1815 A critical limitation to the settling volume test for determining wet MPI bath concentrations is
.
B the application to aerosol spray preparations

1816 When performing A.C. yoke MPI on a part having a restrictive geometry such that both legs of the
. yoke cannot be used to straddle the area, an optional technique would be to use
B the single leg technique

1817 Why is it impractical to design a magnetic field indicator using a single strong magnet and a spring to
. return the indicator needle to zero?
C both a and b

1818 The NDT method having the worst record for reliability and repeatability of crack detection in
. ferromagnetic parts is
B magnetic particle

1819 Because the permeability of air is _______ the magnetic field indicator can be used to measure both
. the magnetic induction field in air and the magnetic field strength in air.
B 1

1820 Because the magnetic permeability of air is 1 a magnetic field indicator can be used to measure both
. the magnetic induction field in air and the
A magnetic field strength in air

1821 The Ketos ring has been a Standard in the MPI test method since 1941; however, it is not a reliable
. standard because of variations in
A permeability

1822 Quantitative artificial flaws are essential for

.
D all of the above

1823 Specifications (such as Mil-STD 1949A) have been modified to allow 1 hour settling time instead of the
. previous 1/2 hour because
D both b and c

1824 Misinterpretations result from observations to meet the specification for fluorescent baths which states
. "for fluorescent baths, examine the liquid directly above the precipitate with UV light. The liquid shall
be essentially nonfluorescent." The misinterpretation is caused by
B fluorescence of submicron particles that have not settled

1825 Due to load demands on power supplies ___________ is the preferred current for MPI on larger parts.
.
A three phase full wave rectified

1826 When plotting width (or height) of MPI indication versus magnetizing current for surface breaking
. seams in billets, a more linear curve results when using
C larger sized particles

1827 When magnetic rubber replicating techniques are used, the orientation of a crack into the part can be
. determined by
A symmetry or asymmetry of particle accumulation in the setting medium along the indication length

1828 The number of amperes of magnetizing current or ampere-turns to use on a test piece will be specified
. by a
D a specific specification

58
ESTestMaker Answers

1829 Occasionally a thick MPI indication will form as a result of wet particle attraction to deep seams. Once
. the current is turned off the indication collapses and smears the background. This may be prevented
by
C both a and b

1830 Magnetic particle baths used for billet inspection tend to have a greater proportion of larger particles
. than small. The reasons for this is
B the fine shallow defects located by small particles are not important in billet inspections

1831 The frequency response of a gauss/tesla meter should be

.
C 0 to 300 Hz

1832 When performing an MPI test on a coated part, maximum coating thickness that can be tolerated is
.
A determined by demonstrating detectability of minimum allowable defects

1833 A sharp magnetic particle indication has formed on testing a large (3m diameter) submerged arc
. circumferential seam. The indication runs for the complete circumference and an acid etch shows the
indication to occur at the weld-parent metal fusion line, but no visible non fusion is seen. What is the
probable source of the indication?
A magnetic permeability difference between metals

1834 At the skin depth, also considered the standard depth of penetration, the magnetic field intensity
. resulting from a 60 Hz A.C. in steel is
C 37% of its surface value

1835 Maximum curvature of external magnetic flux leakage fields occurs for
.
A narrow surface breaking defects

1836 Which of the following flux sensitive devices is time dependant?

.
B a long straight wire

1837 Which of the following flux sensitive devices is not time dependant?
.
B a Hall detector

1838 The Hall voltage generated in a Hall detector is

.
C inversely proportional to the sensing crystal thickness

1839 The reason for using a high frequency A.C. voltage on the semiconductor crystal in a Hall sensor is to
.
C eliminate the thermoelectric voltage component

1840 Which of the following compounds is a commonly used semi-conductor material used as a Hall
. detector sensor crystal?
A InSb

1841 In the semiconductor magnetodiode flux sensing device the p-zone and n-zone are separated by the
.
C recombination zone

1842 Which form of artificial lighting could not be used to view daylight fluorescent dry magnetic particles?
.
B sodium vapour lights
59
ESTestMaker Answers

1843 The dry powder method of MPI would not be used for
.
C grinding cracks

1844 The primary consideration in storage of dry magnetic particles is

.
B moisture

1845 At temperatures of around 150°C. fluorescent powders lose their visible contrast. This is because
.
D both a and b

1846 A typical minimum light intensity of 1000 lux is recommended for viewing non-fluorescent dry powder.
. This may be barely adequate if
A the test surface is dark or covered with scale or rust

1847 AMS 3040 is a specification for properties of magnetic particles properties. One test requires a glass
. cylinder of specified dimensions be stuffed with the powder to be tested. The powder in the cylinder is
used as the core of a transformer coil. For 11 kA/m input on the primary, a minimum of 2.5V must
occur in the secondary with the correct circuitry. Since the volume of the cylinder limits the amount of
powder the test limits the amount of
A inert pigment and resins in the powder

1848 The difference between red iron oxide (alpha) and brown iron oxide (gamma) apart from colour is
.
D all of the above

1849 For fine wet particles, those with high permeability are no more effective than those of only moderate
. permeability due to
C the shape demagnetization factor

1850 Most specifications for establishing properties of oil carriers for wet MPI will state
.
C maximum viscosity at a specified temperature

1851 In wet method of MPI testing when water is used as the carrier, conditioners are used to
.
D all of the above

1852 When too much antifoaming agent is added to the water vehicle for wet fluorescent MPI testing what is
. the result?
B loss of the bath's wetting ability

1853 Sodium nitrate and sodium chromate are the traditional rust inhibitors added to water based MPI
. baths. They are no longer recommended because
C of their high level of toxicity

1854 Use of anti-freeze in water based MPI baths is not feasible as a method to prevent freezing because
.
C the viscosity would exceed recommended limits

1855 Oil contamination in a water vehicle MPI bath can result in

.
D both a and b

1856 To overcome the sticky mass that occurs as a result of water contamination in an oil bath for MPI you
. can easily
D heat the bath with an immersion heater to boil off the water
60
ESTestMaker Answers

1857 Maintaining a strict control on particle concentration in the MPI bath eliminates which variable in an
. MPI test?
A indication to background contrast

1858 Particle concentrations in MPI baths are specified by

.
C both a and b

1859 Some specifications require the sample of MPI bath be de-magnetized before performing the settling
. test. What is the reason for this demagnetization?
A magnetic condition of bath can affect settling rate

1860 In general, centrifuge tubes having narrower settling stems (1.5mL, 1.0mL, and 0.2mL stems
. available), tend to __________ for the same bath.
B show higher concentrations

1861 Online continuous monitoring methods are not often used to establish MPI bath concentrations
. because
C both a and b

1862 The lower limit for part temperature when using MPI in an oil vehicle is
.
D variable from oil to oil and depends on viscosity at a given temperature

1863 To convert from radiometric units to photometric units you must

.
A take the sum of the power radiated at each wavelength times the relative luminosity of the eye

1864 Visible light is usually considered to have wavelengths in the range of

.
C 400 to 760nm

1865 Measurement of E-M radiation at all wavelengths is the concern of

.
A radiometry

1866 __________ is concerned with the measurement of E-M radiation in the visible region only.
.
B photometry

1867 The variable response exhibited by an average eye as it crosses over from scotopic to photopic vision
. is termed
A mesopic vision

1868 At the area around the point of the retina where visual axis strikes there is a slight depression called
. the fovea. The cells in this area are almost exclusively ____________-.
C cone shaped

1869 Under good viewing conditions for fluorescent MPI, indication contrast ratio can be a high as
.
C 200:1

1870 Reasonable probability of MPI indication detection would require a brightness contrast ratio of at least
.
A 2:1

61
ESTestMaker Answers

1871 A pure red MPI indication with wavelengths 600nm on a background of pure blue at 470nm having
. equal brightness
D all of the above

1872 As ambient lighting changes from bright daylight conditions to dim blacklight viewing conditions
. maximum colour sensitivity of the eye changes from
B yellow to green

1873 The preferred gas for use in vapour arc lamps used for blacklight production is
.
B mercury

1874 For extended viewing of visible magnetic particle indications of critical tests requiring 2000-5000 lux
. lighting the effect may be
A eyestrain

1875 Laser light sources are often used in non-imaging detector systems for MPI because
.
B they produce narrow and intense beams

1876 Photoelectric sensors used in scanners for non-imaging MPI detector systems are
.
C rarely the same brightness or colour sensitivity as the human eye

1877 Burned out or low output mercury arc bulbs should be

.
C disposed of as hazardous waste

1878 In MPI of aerospace components, copper penetration resulting from prod or electrode contact will
. cause
A rejection of the part

1879 What is the risk if a nonrelevant MPI indication is encountered?

.
C both a and b

1880 If the results of an MPI test make you suspect the indication seen is nonrelevant, originating from
. hardness or alloy differences, you would
B verify using penetrant or ultrasonic methods

1881 A letter or number hardstamped into a part and ground off prior to MPI testing can result in
.
D both a and b

1882 To determine if magnetizing fields are present and balanced in a multidirectional operation you would
. use a(n)
B MPI shim gage

1883 Mercury arc UV bulbs should not be handled with bare hands because
.
B acidity of fingers can cause glass failure

1884 Calibration of an MPI machine used to apply magnetizing current to a part requires
.
A comparing current readings on the machine to a calibrated ammeter

62
ESTestMaker Answers

1885 Fully automated magnetic particle inspection systems can only be cost justified if
.
D all of the above

1886 The magnetic particle testing portion of an automated system can be a time consuming step. To
. decrease the inspection time in such a setup you would
A use multidirectional magnetization

1887 In an automated scanning system for MPI testing, the photodetector is

.
D any of the above can be used as the photodetector

1888 The flying spot scanning system requires _________ to permit the system to discriminate rejectable
. discontinuities from background noise.
B pattern recognition algorithms in the CPU

1889 Automated MPI systems that include the ability to scan and sort indications require some form of
. ___________ processing or algorithms.
A pattern recognition

1890 When tape transfers are used to record an MPI indication

.
B written descriptions of part and orientation are still required

1891 For tape transfer recording of fluorescent particle indications, best results are had if
.
C both a and b

1892 If taking a tape transfer of an MPI indication where a water carrier has been used, the drying of the
. surface can be accelerated by
B gentle rinsing with acetone

1893 Rubber replica records of MPI indications are bulky. Archival is often accomplished by
.
A photographing the indication in the replica

1894 If it is determined that the "magnetic rubber" requires deaerating, it is done

.
B just prior to the addition of catalyst

1895 When tape transfers are used as a means of MPI test records the adhesive often dries out and tape
. becomes brittle thereby limiting the time it can be archived. Under optimum conditions the tape
transfer record might last
C 5 - 10 years

1896 The reason not to use A.C. for residual MPI is

.
B the uncertainty of which point on the hysteresis curve you cut off the current

1897 The reason for long duration magnetization shots when using the magnetic rubber method is
.
B high viscosity of uncured rubber

1898 Photography as a means of high quality recording of MPI indications is very costly because
.
D all of the above

63
ESTestMaker Answers

1899 The "laid-on-cable" technique used in MPI of welds requires the cable be spaced away from the test
. surface and the return loop be about ten times this space away from the first loop. The applied current
is determined by
A the spacing of cable off the test surface

1900 The advantage of the "laid-on-cable" technique for MPI of weld is

.
C both a and b

1901 On irregular shaped specimens, the magnetic field is more likely to follow the surface contours if
.
D A.C. is used

1902 Lead contact covers used on prods for MPI testing should only be used in well ventilated areas
. because
B over heating causes noxious fumes

1903 The process whereby a magnetic tape (similar to that used in a tape recorder) is placed on a test
. piece during magnetization then removed and processed for analysis and results viewed on stripchart
or oscilloscope screen is called
A magnetography

1904 Magnetic susceptibility for _______ materials is a positive value.

.
B paramagnetic

1905 Magnetic susceptibility for ______ materials is a negative value.

.
C diamagnetic

1906 The region on the hysteresis loop's virgin curve where the flux density B increases in a non-linear
. fashion with increasing field intensity H, is termed the
A Rayleigh region

1907 In magnetic studies using a Rowland ring, by removing the effect of H from B you can plot
.
B a magnetization curve

1908 Ferrites are used as cores for "pick-up coils" in magnetic flux leakage amplifiers. Their advantage for
. this purpose originates because
A amplification occurs without inducing eddy currents

1909 In low carbon steels, chemical composition, inclusion density, residual stress and heat treatment can
. determine which magnetic property?
D all of the above

1910 The measure of how far from unity (1) permeabilities of dia and paramagnetic materials is / are termed
.
A magnetic susceptibility

1911. From a magnetizing point of view, the worst case scenario an MPI inspector would encounter when
performing a circular magnetization on a part is
A the material is initially magnetized to maximum remnance in the opposite direction to his inspection

1912 The miniature Hall detectors which have Hall sensor and regulated power supply on a chip have the
. advantage over sensing coils that
D both a and b

64
ESTestMaker Answers

1913 The reason some specifications do not permit MPI by passing current directly through the part is
.
B risk of arc burns

1914 In pulsed or capacitor discharge magnetization techniques the effectiveness of a lower amplitude
. current will be greater for deep flaws than a high amplitude current if the pulse length of the low
amplitude current is longer. This is due to
B the limiting depth of penetration by eddy currents

1915 The Burmah-Castrol strip is

.
A a portable surface field indicator

1916 A typical level of field strength in a part considered to be demagnetized is

.
C no more than 10 Oe

1917 When indications are not formed on a test piece being tested by MPI what is the reason?
.
D any of the above

1918 In order for a component to achieve a minimum specified service life after an NDT inspection has
. accepted it, it is important for the NDT engineer to allow for
B sub-critical crack growth

1919 The choice of the NDT method to use is dictated primarily by

.
C the largest defect that might be overlooked

1920 The advantage of re-usable magnetic particle bags is that they

.
C both a and b

1921 A threshold exists in the detectability of flaws using MPI for which parameter?
.
D all of the above

1922 The magnitude of the magnetic leakage field is determined primarily by the
.
B flux density in the region

1923 For a code or specification to stipulate a minimum flux density be achieved in a test piece for MPI
. testing is
A not practical since it cannot be easily measured

1924 To compensate for variations in relative magnetic permeabilities, codes and specifications
.
B use conservative estimates of permeability

1925 The shortcoming of stipulating particle concentration as an indicator of magnetic particle suspensions
. is
B no information is had about the ability of the suspension to form indications

1926 Which artificial test piece is the most reliable for evaluating performance of an MPI particle
. suspension?
A pre-magnetized pieces such as the German MTU

65
ESTestMaker Answers

1927 Completely automatic cameras used in auto mode are not recommended for photography of MPI
. indications because
C they cannot normally compensate for the extreme exposure conditions

1928 The purpose of a shutter release cable in photography of MPI indications is

.
B to minimize or eliminate camera motion

1929 Photography of fluorescent indications is only possible if

.
A UV filters are used

1930 The best all around UV filter for fluorescent indication photography has its cut off at ____________.
. This allows an image most resembling that seen by the human eye in a darkened booth.
B 390nm

1931 Polarizing filters can be used for photography of fluorescent indications if UV filters are not available
. since they effectively block UV light, however they have the drawback that
D both a and b

1932 Reciprocity failure is a problem that exists when performing photography of fluorescent indications. It
. is a result of
B long exposure times

1933 Alternate north and south poles, which can result from magnetic chucks or lifting magnets, are
. recognized by
A alternate north and south poles in close proximity

1934 Reversing D.C. demagnetization is often incorporated into the design of large bench units for what
. reason?
B economic

1935 Reversing direct current contact demagnetization is usually used for

.
C both a and b

1936 In reversing D.C. magnetization of a part using a coil, the test piece is
.
A held stationary in the coil

1937 Pulsating reversing D.C. coil demagnetization has the advantage over A.C. coil demagnetization in
. that
A penetration is far greater

1938 In general Hc (coercive force) increases with

.
C part hardness

1939 Which of the following demagnetizing methods would be used in high production rate demagnetization
. of small, medium hardness steels parts?
D none of the above are recommended

1940 Coil demagnetization of parts with L/D ratios less than 3 is a problem. This is solved by
.
B adding ferromagnetic pole pieces to the object's ends

66
ESTestMaker Answers

1941 Specifications requiring residual fields less than 0.3 mT are often unreasonable because
.
C in most cases, subsequent machining or welding, or instrumentation is not affected by this level of field

1942 The presence of a small axial field strength at the end of a tube indicates
.
C the vector sum of fields has a slight axial component

1943 The lowest temperature at which a liquid gives off gases sufficient to form an ignitable vapour at the
. liquid's surface is the
A flash point

1944 UV light from wavelengths of 100nm to 280nm are used in

.
C sterilization and germicidal purposes

1945 Above the upper explosive limit volatile petroleum distillates used in MPI testing will
.
D will present no explosive hazard as concentrations are too rich to burn

1946 What are the 3 classifications of ultraviolet light?

.
B UV-A, UV-B and UV-C

1947 The purpose of the blacklight's ballast is to

.
C both a and b

1948 What allows current to flow in the high pressure quartz tube of a mercury vapour lamp upon initial start
. -up?
B argon gas

1949 The pressure inside the quartz tube of a mercury vapour regulates, to a large extent, quality of the
. emission spectrum. What is the pressure, in atmospheres, of the gas in the quartz tube of a blacklight
used for fluorescent indication viewing?
B 10

1950 In the standard mercury vapour lamp, the quartz cartridge is housed in an outer bulb filled with
.
C an inert gas at lower than atmospheric pressure

1951 Although UV-A produced by blacklights used in fluorescent indication viewing for NDT is not believed
. to be a health threat, you should
C both a and b

1952 When the electric field strength exceeds the breakdown value for air the result is
.
A a spark

1953 After about 4 minutes warmup time the blacklight has reached its peak irradiance. After that, when left
. running with a constant voltage
A output slowly decreases to an equilibrium value

1954 The "blacklight blue" glass filter envelope around the ultraviolet light tubes is coated on its inside
. surface with
C bluish white phosphor

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ESTestMaker Answers

1955 When MPI is performed in grain elevators or flour mills there is a danger of
.
B an explosive air-dust mixture being ignited

1956 In order to establish a correlation between the response of an NDT test system and the severity of a
. discontinuity _______ are used.
D both a and b

1957 Regular use of a reference standard during a test will

.
B ensure consistent results

1958 To avoid excessive flux densities resulting from traditional empirical formulae used in MPI testing
.
B reference standards are used

1959 Experiments on ketos rings indicated a lack of uniformity (1986 experiments). For the same
. conditions, different rings would show different numbers of hole indications. This was accounted for by
_____ differences between rings.
B annealing

1960 When an object is tested using a D.C. coil, the so called "quick break" magnetization utilizes ________
. to detect transverse defects at the ends of the test object.
B eddy currents

1961 Photosensitive eyeglasses darken in the presence of UV radiation. This makes them
.
C useless for blacklight viewing of indications

1962 The current to the blacklight is regulated by an autotransformer. The autotransformer has the unique
. feature of having
A both primary and secondary coils combined into a single tapped winding

1963 A single rod conductor 10cm long moving at 10m/s through a 10,000 gauss magnetic field at right
. angles to the field will induce what voltage between the ends of the rod?
B 1V

1964 A wire 10cm long cuts a magnetic field of 10,000 gauss at 45° moving 10m/s. What voltage is induced
. between the wire ends?
B 0.7 V

1965 The intensity of blacklight irradiance (µW/cm²) from a 400W flood lamp mercury arc lamp as compared
. to a 100W spot mercury arc lamp (both with plain filter) as measured at the beam centre at the same
axial distance is
D 1/10 the intensity

1966 Apart from its health hazard, a potential risk of breaking the tube containing the mercury in the
. mercury vapour lamps is had from
C mercury contacting aluminum or other metals can cause cracking

1967 Gross errors or differences may exist between UV output measured from a calibration lamp and the
. lamp in question even though the lamps are nominally the same e.g. 100W spot. Why?
B the lamp spectra are different

1968 Ultraviolet radiometers used for NDT all use

.
C bandpass filters

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ESTestMaker Answers

1969 Even if all UV sensors were calibrated and found to be identical, measurements of a given UV lamp at
. the same distance would have different values if different manufacturer's meters were used. This is
because
B the area of the UV sensor varies for each manufacturer

1970 The most important variable when testing a piece coated with a thin non-conductive layer (such as
. paint) with an A.C. yoke is
B getting sufficient flux leakage out of a defect site

1971 For underwater MPI it has been found that the A.C. yoke can be used in the "single leg" technique.
. The magnetic field produced for this is
C radial

1972 Small cracks in steel plate that has been sandblasted are best tested for using
.
B MPI

1973 Which property of magnetic particle suspensions is not an important factor considered by the
. inspector?
C cost per unit tested

1974 When using the prism block standard for evaluating a magnetic particle suspension, increased quality
. is indicated by
A length of indication

1975 The addition of extension pole pieces to A.C. yokes has the effect of
.
B decreasing field strength midway between the poles

1976 Although it has been proven that some defects can be located through some types and thicknesses of
. paint, a reason to remove paint for MPI testing is
A paint type and thickness is not known

1977 When inspecting pipes using A.C. and rectified A.C. circumferential magnetization, pipes should be
. insulated from each other and insulated from metal racks they might be supported by. This is because
B arcing can result from the induced eddy currents

1978 Arcing is of concern in MPI testing of some parts because

.
D both a and b

1979 A nonlegal document that is written by a recognized association of some authority, that recommends
. actions to achieve certain goals is considered a
B standard

1980 A standard when made enforceable by making it a legal document (law) is then considered a
.
B code

1981 An NDT procedure does not normally include

.
A acceptance criteria

1982 The use of "safety factors" in the design of an item is to

.
C allow for unknown or unpredictable stress concentrations or operating conditions

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ESTestMaker Answers

1983 In MPI testing, a design constriction in the metal path through which the flux must flow results in
.
B non-relevant indications

1984 If a defect is suspected in a region of MPI non-relevant indications, such as from splines, you would
.
A demagnetize the piece and remagnetize at a current level just below that required to form the non-
relevant indications
1985 Metal's crystalline structures that are reversible through transformations are termed
.
A allotropic

1986 Austentic or gamma iron is normally stable only at high temperatures unless _____________.
.
B alloyed with another metal such as chromium or nickel

1987 The non-relevant MPI indication found on curved cold rolled plate and having an incomplete criss-
. cross pattern 45° to the axis of curvature are caused by
C Luder lines

1988 When a metal is heated to a predetermined temperature (below melting point) and holding it there for
. a period of time then cooling it at a slow rate, it is said to be
A annealed

1989 A binary alloy having a lower melting point than its neighbouring compositions is considered
.
C a eutectic alloy

1990 Killed steel is steel that has been

.
C deoxidized

1991 Lower temperature plastic deformation resulting in strain hardening of a metal is

.
B cold working

1992 After an MPI test post cleaning of a part that is irregular shaped and made of soft steel can be
. especially difficult because
A of demagnetization being incomplete

1993 Quenching is a means of rapidly cooling a metal by

.
D all of the above

1994 When two permanent magnets are used for an MPI test you must ensure
.
B unlike poles contact the test surface

1995 When a specimen cannot be placed in a fixed coil on a bench unit, a flexible cable can be wound
. around the piece and the two ends connected to the respective poles of the bench unit. The cable is
sometimes called
B wander cable

1996 When using prods for MPI testing

.
A contact area should be as large as practicable

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ESTestMaker Answers

1997 "Upside down" surfaces tested using magnetic rubber techniques

.
C require pressure filling a reservoir beneath the test area

1998 When performing an MPI settling test on a bath, lint or dust, and metal grindings can make up part of
. the settled volume. If this occurs
C subtract the dust and grindings volume from the total settled volume

1999 The MPI technique utilizing magnetic particles in a highly viscous vehicle is termed the ________
. technique.
A wet slurry

2000 A two phase system (usually solid and liquid) is a

.
B suspension

2001 When using a calibrated ammeter to verify the MPI unit ammeter accuracy the calibrated ammeter is
.
A connected in series with the output circuit

2002 When measuring halfwave DC with the calibrated ammeter used to verify the accuracy of the MPI
. units' ammeter, the current values read on the calibrated ammeter are multiplied by
D 2

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