GEE L1 Fundamentals OUT

Master on Electrical
Vehicle Technologies
Generació d’Energia Elèctrica (GEE)
Generation of Electrical Energy (GEE)

GEE Course Outline GEE
o Lecture 1: Fundamentals of Electrical Generation.

o Lecture 2: Hydro Power.
o Lecture 3: Wind Power.
o Lecture 4: Photovoltaic Power.
o Lecture 5: Distribution of Electric Power and V2G.
GEE Course Outline 2

Outline GEE
o Background
o AC and DC distribution
o Motor, Generator and Transformer
o Power Factor
o Three-Phase Systems
o Overview of Power Plants

o Non-renewable Energy Sources
o Renewable Energy Sources
o Performance Metrics
Lecture 1: Fundamentals 3
Background GEE
Hybrid
system
Smart Grid
o Electric Generation Units:

o Transport System:
o Loads:
Background GEE
o What is power?
P YEE
Is Is
Work F d N m
D tog
F m a kg
o What is energy?
P.tfls sJ J
E ftp.ltldt
fyE
Background GEE
o Electric power (dc).
iHl Y Y I p
+
UHF r
I
E
plt UCH ith V I P
Units of voltage O Ek v age 4 4 1s
Units of current A 9s
Background GEE
o Electric power (ac).
wt I sin H
itlldry I sin
IF
yingNU
µ +
one N R ÉILIS E
ultttsinwt É
man
Augie P flipHdt Efta coset at VE T O E
2msvalue UH Irm
VIR bums
P IIR VE
it
Background GEE
o Comparison between AC and DC.
Ppc V I Pac
VII Urns Irm
As power is therefore less efficient when we need to

transport electric charge current in a distribution system
Background GEE
o Typical components of the electric power chain.
Electric Motor Electric Generator Transformer
o You need to understand how these components operate at system

level.
o How is energy and power related to the currents and voltages in the
components?
Background GEE
o Motor
É
P
e
bumsIsms
L
• Transforms
electrical power into mechanical power
• Very efficient 3801 7901

•
Background GEE
o Generator
D Urns Irma
2
• Convert mechanical
power into
electrical power
• Very efficient
Background GEE
o Transformer
Up
n
i
Nz
• Vs Is
•
Up F Ip
•
Pp Vprm Ipm Ps Vsrms
Ism Pp Ps Upon
É Ipu If
• Efficieny 7951 high power 2991
Background GEE
• Power transfer in ac systems – influence of voltage
É
P G M
~ ~ a
Loss Imf R
I ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ
G M
~ ~
Loss R
II
Background GEE
o Power Factor
it singe a
ultl V.snwt
D UrnsIrons If 040 then PC Urns In
Background GEE
o Power Factor (PF)
ult
sinlwt
V V Iris cost Lost
I.sniltl
wt q current and voltage in phase
0 00
YETI Ims
If they are 90 apart
0 90 828is Ivms 0
Background GEE
o Active, Reactive and Aparent Power.
Qtixis I
P Vrms
Ion cost W
s
Q VinsIrons sinefars
S Vrms Irn VA
10
p It
P Refs
Q In s
Background GEE
o 3-Phase systems.
Ibm feet
Van
Malt Ub NOVA
I i
Valtl ubltl.at phesevottagec
iaftl ibltl ist phase counts

Balanied system Va Vb Vs
Pa Varms Ia
memos.FI
vous
Pc Ucrms Ic rms cost

1050
iIiiii
I
Background GEE
o 3-Phase systems.
É.EE
iEzi
LOAD DELTA
IM
IS Iab
I V V
Ub
Vito Y
VI v's
WYE or STAR DELTA ORTRIANGLE
Overview of Power Plants GEE
o Electric energy? Electric power is used as a mean to transmit
energy between two distant places. Electric energy can be
considered an energy vector, rather than an energy source.
Nuclear
Electric
Coal power
Natural o
sound
Geothermal ÉÉÉÉ LOAD
Wind
Biomass
I
Photovoltaics
o Parts of an Electric Power System

o Generation / Power Plants.
o Transmission Network.
o Network Control / Operator.
o Distribution Network.
o Substation / Transformers.
o Loads: Residential / Industrial.
F u
o Power Plant
o Circular motion from direct force. k
o Circular motion from steam.
o Photovoltaics. et
TWh
L 161
currents
t Y
https://www.iea.org/data‐and‐statistics/charts/electricity‐demand‐from‐the‐electric‐vehicle‐fleet‐by‐mode‐2019‐and‐2030
https://www.iea.org/reports/global‐ev‐outlook‐2020
ii
In the figure, SUB is sub bituminous coal, BIT is bituminous coal, NGCT is natural gas combustion turbine, NGCC is

natural gas combined cycle, CCS is 90% carbon capture and sequestration, PV is solar photovoltaic, Res is
residential, CSP is concentrating solar power, and wind refers to onshore wind.
https://energy.utexas.edu/news/nuclear‐and‐wind‐power‐estimated‐have‐lowest‐levelized‐co2‐emissions
O O
Coal Power Plants (in use).

Coal Power Plants (planned).
o Hydro Power.
o Wind Power.
o Photovoltaic Power.
o Advantages
Lower economical dependence from countries that supply
4
o
non renewable sources (very relevant in Europe).
o Lower carbon emissions.
3 o Diversification of energy sources.
o Sustainability of energy generation.
2 o Democratization of energy generation.
o Drawbacks
3 o Lower power/volume ratio than other nonrenewable plants.
2 o Geographical limitations.
o Intermittency. Climatological dependence.
o Did you notice anything that may be missing here?
COST
Installed power
I
Potential: Amount
Wpa
Performance ratio PR of resource and
requirements.
Hieroglyph
Intermittency:
How long is power Efficiency: Maturity,
being produced? complexity, and number of
Matching between the stages of the power
source and load conversion chain.
profiles.
LCOE
Impact: Cost:
Land use and Upfront Cost and
environmental factors. maintenance.
o Performance Metric: Intermittency. Biggest challenge
Sources
Loads
o Sources provide
power.
o Loads consume
power.
o Virtually no storage
(a few exceptions).
o Equilibrium must be
ensured at all times.
Storage
o Performance Metrics: Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE)
Ytg Eman
o Performance Metrics: Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE)
https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/
Hydro ‐ Wind ‐ Photovoltaics
- Potential.
- Intermittency.
- Efficiency.
- Civil Works and Area (Impact).
- Levelized Cost per kWh.

- Upfront.
- Maintenance.
o Mix in Germany
https://www.energy‐charts.info
o Mix in France
o Mix in Catalonia
Wind
g PV

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GEE L1 Fundamentals OUT

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Master on Electrical

Generació d’Energia Elèctrica (GEE)

Generation of Electrical Energy (GEE)

o Lecture 1: Fundamentals of Electrical Generation.

GEE Course Outline 2

o Overview of Power Plants

o Electric Generation Units:

o Comparison between AC and DC.

As power is therefore less efficient when we need to

o You need to understand how these components operate at system

• Very efficient 3801 7901

• Power transfer in ac systems – influence of voltage

D UrnsIrons If 040 then PC Urns In

iaftl ibltl ist phase counts

Pc Ucrms Ic rms cost

o Parts of an Electric Power System

In the figure, SUB is sub bituminous coal, BIT is bituminous coal, NGCT is natural gas combustion turbine, NGCC is

Coal Power Plants (in use).

o Did you notice anything that may be missing here?

o Performance Metric: Intermittency. Biggest challenge

o Performance Metrics: Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE)

o Performance Metrics: Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE)

Hydro ‐ Wind ‐ Photovoltaics

- Civil Works and Area (Impact).

- Levelized Cost per kWh.

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