COMPLEX NUMBERS AND QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 1

EXERCISE – 1: Basic Subjective Question

Section–A (1 Mark Questions)
1. Let z = a + 2i Section–B (2 Marks Questions)
z = a − 2i 6. Let z = x + iy
But we are given that z = 3 + bi So ( z + 3)( z + 3) = ( x + iy + 3)( x − iy + 3)
 a − 2i = 3 + bi
= ( x + 3) + iy  ( x + 3) − iy 
Comparing the real and imaginary parts, we
get a = 3 and b = −2 . = ( x + 3) − i 2 y 2
2

= ( x + 3) + y 2
2

1− i 1− i 1− i
2. = 
= x + 3 + iy = z+3 .
2 2
1+ i 1+ i 1− i
1 + i 2 − 2i
=
1 − i2  1+ i 
x

1 − 1 − 2i 7. Given that:   =1
= = −i  1− i 
1+1
 (1 + i )(1 + i ) 
x

1− i    = 1
Hence, conjugate of
1+ i
is 0 + i .
 (1 − i )(1 + i ) 
x
 1 + i 2 + 2i 
3. Given that: z = 2 + 3i   =1
 1− i 
2

Then, z − 1 + 4i = 2 + 3i − 1 + 4i
 1 − 1 + 2i 
x

= 1 + 7i = 1 + 72 2   =1
 1+1 
= 50 = 5 2  2i 
x

   =1
2
4. i + i 2 + i 3 + ....... upto 1000 terms
 (i ) = (i )
x 4n

= i + i 2 + i 3 + ... + i1000 = 0
Hence, the value of the filler is 0.  x = 4n, n  N .

8. Let  ,  be the roots of the equation

5. Let z = 3 + i
Here, z lies in first quadrant. x 2 − px + 8 = 0
Im( z ) 1 1 Therefore  +  = p and  = 8
Therefore tan  = = =
Re( z ) Now,  −  =  ( +  ) − 4
2
3 3
 1  
 = tan −1   i.e.,  = 6 . Therefore, 2 =  p 2 − 32
 3
 p 2 − 32 = 4
 p = 6 .
COMPLEX NUMBERS AND QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 2

9. We have, 1 1
12. =
x + iy =
( a + ib )( a + ib ) (2 + i) 2
4 + i 2 + 4i
( a − ib )( a + ib ) 1 1
= =
a − b + 2abi a − b
2 2
2ab 2 2
4 − 1 + 4i 3 + 4i
= = 2 + 2 i
a +b
2 2
a +b 2
a + b2
1 3 − 4i
a 2 − b2 2ab = 
So that, x − iy = 2 − 2 2i 3 + 4i 3 − 4i
a +b a +b
2

3 − 4i 3 − 4i
Therefore, = =
9 − 16i 2
25
x 2 + y 2 = ( x + iy )( x − iy )

(a − b2 ) (a + b2 )
2 2
2
4 a 2b 2
2
(1 + i )2
= + = =1 13. Given: = x + iy
2−i
(a + b2 ) (a ) (a + b2 )
2 2 2
2 2
+ b2 2

Upon expansion we get,

5 + 2i 12 + i 2 + 2 (1)( i )
10. = x + iy
1 − 2i 2−i
5 + 2i 1 + 2i 1 + ( −1) + 2i
=  = x + iy
1 − 2i 1 + 2i 2−i
2i
5 + 5 2i + 2i − 2 3 + 6 2i = x + iy
= = 2−i
( 2i ) 1+ 2
2
1− Now, let us multiply and divide by (2 + i),
3 (1 + 2 2i )
we get
= = 1+ 2 2i . 2i 2 + i
3  = x + iy
2−i 2+i
4i + 2i 2
5 + 12i + 5 − 12i = x + iy
11. Let, z = 22 − i 2
5 + 12i − 5 − 12i
2 ( −1) + 4i
5 + 12i + 5 − 12i 5 + 12i + 5 − 12i = x + iy
=  4 − ( −1)
5 + 12i − 5 − 12i 5 + 12i + 5 − 12i
−2 + 4i
5 + 12i + 5 − 12i + 2 25 + 144 = x + iy
= 5
5 + 12i − 5 + 12i
Let us equate real and imaginary parts on
10 + 2 13 36 3i
= = =− both sides we get,
24i 24i 2
2 4
= 0− i
3 x=− and y =
2 5 5
3 2 4 2
Therefore, the conjugate of z = 0 + i . So, x + y = − + = .
2 5 5 5
COMPLEX NUMBERS AND QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 3

Section–C (3 Marks Questions)  y2 + 2 y +1 = y2 − 2 y +1

 2 y = −2 y
14. Given that: z = 1 + 2i
 4y = 0
z = (1) + ( 2) = 5
2 2
 y =0.
7−z
Now, f ( z ) =
1− z2
( )
16. Given that: Re z 2 = 0 and z = 2
7 − (1 + 2i )
= Let z = x + iy
1 − (1 + 2i )
2

 z = x2 + y 2
7 − 1 − 2i
=
1 − 1 − 4i 2 − 4i  x2 + y2 = 2
6 − 2i 3−i
= =  x 2 + y 2 = 4.....(i )
4 − 4i 2 − 2i
Since, z = x + iy
3 − i 2 + 2i
=  z 2 = x 2 + i 2 y 2 + 2 xyi
2 − 2i 2 + 2i
6 + 6i − 2i − 2i 2  z 2 = x 2 − y 2 + 2 xyi
=
4 − 4i 2  x2 − y 2 = 0 …(ii)
6 + 4i + 2 8 + 4i 1 From eqn. (i) and (ii), we get
= = = 1+ i
4+4 8 2 x2 + x2 = 4
2
 2 x2 = 4
(1) +  
1
So, f ( z ) =
2

2  x2 = 2
1 5 z  x =  2 and y =  2
= 1+ = = .
4 2 2 Hence, z = 2  i 2, − 2  i 2 .

i+z 17. Given that: z = x + iy

15. Given that, =1
i−z If z lies in third quadrant.
i + x + yi Then, x < 0 and y < 0.
 =1 z = x − iy
i − x − yi
z x − iy
x + ( y + 1) i Now, =
 =1 z x + iy
− x − ( y − 1) i
x − iy x − iy
 x + ( y + 1) i = − x − ( y − 1) i
= 
x + iy x − iy
 x 2 + ( y + 1) = x 2 + ( y − 1)
2 2 x 2 + i 2 y 2 − 2 xyi
=
x2 − i2 y 2
 x 2 + ( y + 1) = x 2 + ( y − 1)
2 2

x 2 − y 2 − 2 xyi
=
 ( y + 1) = ( y − 1) x2 + y 2
2 2
COMPLEX NUMBERS AND QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 4

x2 − y 2 2 xy a + a 2i − 4i + 4a
= − 2 i =
x +y
2 2
x + y2 12 + a 2
5a + (a 2 − 4)i
z =
If will be also lie in third quadrant, 12 + a 2
z
5a a2 − 4
x −y2 2
−2 xy = + i
Then,  0 and 2 0 12 + a 2 12 + a 2
x +y
2 2
x + y2 For a complex number to be purely real, the
 x2 − y 2  0 and 2 xy  0 imaginary part should be equal to zero.
 x 2  y 2 and xy  0 a2 − 4
So, =0
So, x < y < 0. 12 + a 2
 a2 − 4 = 0
18. Given: z1 = ( 2 − i ) and z2 = (1 + i )  a2 = 4
a a  a = 2 .
We know that, =
b b
20. Let z1 = x + yi
z + z +1 z + z2 + 1
So, 1 2 = 1 z1 = x2 + y 2 = 1 given that, z1 = 1
z1 − z2 + i z1 − z2 + i
2 − i +1+ i +1  x2 + y 2 = 1 …(i)
=
2 − i − (1 + i ) + i z1 − 1 x + yi − 1 ( x − 1) + yi
Now, z2 = = =
z1 + 1 x + yi + 1 ( x + 1) + yi
4 4 +0 2 2

= =
1− i 12 + ( −1)
2
=
( x − 1) + yi  x + 1 − yi
( x + 1) + yi x + 1 − yi
4
= =2 2
=
( x − 1)( x + 1) − y ( x − 1) i + y ( x + 1) i − y 2i 2
2
( x + 1) − y 2i 2
2

 The value of z1 + z2 + 1 = 2 2 . x 2 − 1 + yi ( x + 1 − x + 1) + y 2
z1 − z2 + i =
x2 + 1 + 2 x + y 2
a − 4i
=
(x 2
+ y 2 − 1) + 2 yi
19. Let z =
1 − ai x2 + y 2 + 2x + 1
Multiplying and dividing by (1 + ai ) ,
=
(1 − 1) + 2 yi  x 2 + y 2 = 1
a − 4i 1 + ai 1+ 2x +1
z=  0 + 2 yi
1 − ai 1 + ai =
a (1 + ai ) − 4i (1 + ai ) 2 + 2x
= y
12 − ( ai ) = 0+i
2

1+ x
a + a 2i − 4i − 4ai 2 Hence, the real part of z2 is 0.
=
1 − a 2i 2
COMPLEX NUMBERS AND QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 5

... (1)
2 2 2 2
21. Let 2 + 2 3i = x + iy z z z z
= 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n
On squaring, we get z1 z2 z3 zn
 2 + 2 3i = x 2 − y 2 + i ( 2 xy )  zz = z 2 
 
Equating real and imaginary parts, we get
x2 − y 2 = 2 ... ( 2 ) =
1 1 1
+ + + ... +
1
[using (i)]
z1 z2 z3 zn
and xy = 3 ... ( 3)
1 1 1 1
= + + + ... +
Now, ( x + y 2 2 2
) = (x 2
−y 2 2
) + 4x y
2 2
z1 z2 z3 zn
 z1 + z2 = z1 + z2 
(x + y2 ) = ( 2) + 4 ( 3) 
2 2 2
2

1 1 1 1
= 4 + 12 = 16 = + + + ... +  z = z 
z1 z2 z3 zn
x +y =4 2 2
... ( 4 )
L.H.S. = R.H.S. Hence proved.
Adding (2) & (4), we ge
2 x2 = 6  x2 = 3  x =  3 n 1
n

Subtracting (2) from (4), we get 23. We have (1 − i ) 1 −  = 32

 i
2 y 2 = 2  y 2 = 1  y = 1 n
  1 
Now, from ( 3, ) xy is positive, which  (1 − i ) 1 −   = 32
  i 
indicates that x and y are of some sign. n
  1 i 
 (1 − i ) 1 −    = 32
 When x = 3, y = 1   i i 
And when x = − 3, y = −1   i 
n

 (1 − i ) 1 − 2   = 32
Hence, from (1), 2 + 2 3i = 3 + i   i 
 (1 − i )(1 + i )  = 32  i 2 = −1
n
or − 3 − i
n
 1 − i 2  = 32
22. We have, z1 = z2 = ... = zn = 1
 1 + 1 = 32
n

 z1 = z2 = ... = zn = 1 …(i)
2 2 2

 2n = 32
 z1 z1 = z2 z2 = ... = zn zn = 1  zz = z 
2
   2n = 25 .
1 1 1 Hence the value of n =5
 z1 = , z2 = ,..., zn =
z1 z2 zn
24. The given complex number
L.H.S. z1 + z2 + z3 + ... + zn
−16 −16 1 − i 3
zz z z zz z z = 
= 1 1 + 2 2 + 3 3 + ... + n n 1+ i 3 1+ i 3 1− i 3
z1 z2 z3 zn
COMPLEX NUMBERS AND QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 6

=
(
−16 1 − i 3 ) = −16 (1 − i 3 ) =
1− 3 1+ 3
− i
1 − (i 3 )
2
1+ 3 2 2
2 2
 1 − 3   −1 − 3 
= −4 (1 − i 3 ) = −4 + 4 3i r = 
2
 +  
   2 
Let −4 = r cos  , 4 3 = r sin 
1+ 3 − 2 3 1+ 3 + 2 3
By squaring and adding, we get = +
4 4
16 + 48 = r 2 ( cos 2  + sin 2  ) 4−2 3 +4+2 3 8
= = = 2
Which gives r = 64, i.e., r = 8
2
4 4
1 3 So, r = 2
cos  = − and sin =
y
2 2 Now arg ( z ) = tan −1
 2 x
 = − =
3 3  1+ 3 
− 
Thus, the required polar form is  2 
  = tan −1
 2 2   1− 3 
8  cos + i sin  .  
 3 3 
 2 

Section–D (5 Marks Questions)   1 + 3  3 +1

= tan −1  −    = tan
−1

  1 − 3   3 −1
1− i
25. Given that: z =     
    = tan −1  tan  +  
cos + i sin   4 6 
3 3
1− i 2 − 2i    
= =  tan + tan 
1+ i 3    4 6
1
+i
3  tan  +  = 
2 2   4 6 
 1 − tan tan  
 4 6
2 − 2i 1 − i 3
=  5
1+ i 3 1− i 3  =
12
2 − 2 3i − 2i + 2 3i 2 Hence, the polar form is,
z=
(1) ( )
2
2
− i 3   5   5  
z = 2 cos   + i sin   .
  12   12  
2 − 2 3i − 2i − 2 3
=
1 − 3i 2
26. (i) Given: ix 2 − x + 12i = 0
=
(2 − 2 3) − (2 + 2 3 )i  x 2 + ix + 12 = 0
4
COMPLEX NUMBERS AND QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 7

−i  (i ) 2 − 4(1)(12) 27. Given:

x=
 1+ i   1− i 
3 3
2
  −  = x + iy
−i  i 2 − 48 −i  −49  1− i   1+ i 
= = Let us rationalize the denominator, we get
2 2
 1+ i 1+ i   1− i 1− i 
3 3
−i  7i −i + 7i −i − 7i    −   = x + iy
= = ,  1− i 1+ i   1+ i 1− i 
2 2 2
3 3
6i −8i  (1 + i )2   (1 − i )2 
= , = 3i, − 4i  2 2  −  2 2  = x + iy
2 2  1 −i   1 −i 
   
 The roots of the given equation are
 12 + i 2 + 2 (1)( i )   12 + i 2 − 2 (1)( i ) 
3 3

3i, − 4i   −   = x + iy
 1 − ( −1)   1 − ( −1) 
(ii) Given: x 2 − (2 3 + 3i) x + 6 3i = 0  1 − 1 + 2i   1 − 1 − 2i 
3 3

  −  = x + iy
 2   2 
(2 3 + 3i)  (2 3 + 3i) 2 − 4(1)(6 3)
 2i   −2i 
3 3
x=
2   −  = x + iy
2  2 
i 3 − ( −i ) = x + iy
3

(2 3 + 3i )  12 + 9i 2 + 12 3i − 24 3i
x= 2i3 = x + iy
2
2i 2 . i = x + iy
(2 3 + 3i)  12 + 9i − 12 3i
2
= 2 ( −1) i = x + iy
2
−2i = x + iy
(2 )
2
(2 3 + 3i)  3 − 3i
= Equating Real and imaginary parts on both
2 sides we get
(2 3 + 3i)  (2 3 − 3i) x = 0 and y = -2
=
2  The values of x and y are 0 and −2 .

2 3 + 3i + 2 3 − 3i 2 3 + 3i − 2 3 + 3i
= , 28. Given: ( x + iy )( 2 − 3i ) = 4 + i
2 2
4 3 6i Simplifying the expression, we get,
= ,
2 2
x(2 − 3i) + iy(2 − 3i) = 4 + i
= 2 3,3i
 2 x − 3xi + 2 yi − 3iy 2 = 4 + i
 The roots of the given equation are
2 3,3i .  (2 x + 3 y ) + (−3x + 2 y )i = 4 + i

Equating Real and Imaginary parts on both

sides, we get
COMPLEX NUMBERS AND QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 8

2x + 3y = 4 .....(i) 30. Given: z1 = ( 2 − i ) and z2 = ( −2 + i )

−3x + 2 y = 1 z1 z2 z1 z2 z1
.....(ii) (i) = 
z1 z1 z1
Multiply (i) by 3 and (ii) by 2 and adding,
(z )
2
we get z2
= 1
z1 z1
14
13 y = 14  y =
( 2 − i ) ( −2 + i )
2
13 since, zz = z 2 
=
z1
2  
Substitute the value of y in (i) we get,

 14  =
(2 2
+ i 2 − 2  2  i ) ( −2 + i )
2x + 3  = 4 2−i
2
 13 
42 =
( 4 − 1 − 4i )( −2 + i )
 2x = 4 − 22 + ( −1)
2
13
10 5 =
( 3 − 4i )( −2 + i )
x= = . 4 +1
26 13
3 ( −2 + i ) − 4i ( −2 + i )
=
5
29. Let z = x + iy −6 + 3i + 8i + 4 −2 + 11i
= =
Then, z + 2 z + 1 + i = 0 5 5
 
 x + iy + 2 ( x + 1) + iy + i = 0  The real value of  z1 z2  is − 2 .
 z1  5
 x + 2 ( x + 1) + y + ( y + 1)i = 0
2 2
1 1
(ii) = 2
z1.z1 z1
 x + 2( x + 1) 2 + 2 y 2 + ( y + 1)i = 0
1 1 1
Comparing real and imaginary parts both = = =
( ) ( 5)
2 2
22 + (−1) 2 5
sides, x + 2( x + 1) 2 + 2 y 2 = 0 and y + 1 = 0
 x + 2( x + 1) 2 + 2 y 2 = 0 and y = −1  1 
 Im  =0.
 x + 2( x + 1) 2 + 2 = 0 and y = −1  1 1
z . z

 2( x + 1) 2 + 2 = − x and y = −1
 2( x + 1)2 + 2 = x 2 and y = −1
 x2 + 4 x + 4 = 0 and y = −1
 ( x + 2)2 = 0 and y = −1
 x = −2 and y = −1
Hence, z = x + iy = −2 − i .