Physio Flashcards

Physio
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A pati ent wi th an endocri ne di sorder has l ow potassi um pl asma l evel and

Al dosterone
al kal osi s he i s l i kel y to have excess of
Achal asi a? Lower part of oesphogus ka stenosi s
F i l trati on f racti on i ncreases Oncoti c pressure
F i l trati on of Pl asma protei ns through the gl omerel l a membrane i s prevented

Strong negati ve charge i n proteogl ycans of basement membrane
mai nl y due to
Physio
I nsul i n decreases i n Ketogenesi s
I ntraocul ar pressure i s mai ntai ned by? Aqueous humor
N eurotransmi tter that i nhi bi ts postsynapti c neurone? Gl yci ne
T hyroxi ne c Uncoupl ers produce heat

Physio
45 year ol d pati ent f asti ng bl ood gl ucose l evel 135 i ncrease appeti te? D i abetes type 2
60percent semen i s f ormed by? Secreti on of semi nal vesi cl es
7 ketosteroi ds Adrenogeni tal syndrome
A D H acts on whi ch part of ki dney? D i stal convul ated tubul e and col l ecti ng duct
Physio
A speech di sorder devel ops af ter head i nj ury pati ent started f eel i ng di f f i cul ty i n
utteri ng words. H i s speech became l i mi ted to a f ew words. T here i s most l i kel y Broca's area
damage to?
AD H i nj ecti on f or correcti on Central D I
Acne f ormati on i n gi rl i s brought about by Adrenal androgens
1.D i f f erenti ati on and devel opment of secondary sex organs:

Leydi g cel l s of testes sec teatosterone at 7th to 9th wks of gestati on > ++wol f i an
Acti ons of testosterone duri ng f etal l i f e? duct > i nternal geni tal i a i n mal e
2. H el ps descend of testes f rom abd cavi ty i nto scrotum duri ng l ast 2 to 3 months
of pregs
Physio
Adrenal medul l a secretes M ore epi nephri ne and l ess N orepi nephri ne
Adrenocorti cal secreti on of al dosterone i s greatl y i ncreased wi th I ncrease potassi um concentrati on i n extracel l ul ar f l ui d
Af ter head i nj ury pati ent devel ops speech def ect there he can understand words
but f eel s di f f i cul ty i n a utteri ng the words speech i s l i mi ted to a f ew words the Broca's area
pati ent i s havi ng damage to
Al dosterone secreti on i s greatl y sti mul ated by? I ncreased potassi um i on concentrati on i n extracel l ul ar f l ui d
Physio
Al kal i ne secreti ons i n ej acul atory f l ui d by Prostate
Amount of CSF 500ml
An i ncrease i n the permeabi l i ty of cel l s of col l ecti ng tubul e to water i s due to? I ncrease i n producti on of AD H
Brai n can suppress i nput of pai n si gnal s to nervous system by acti vati ng a pai n
Anal gesi a system?
control system cal l ed the anal gesi a system
Physio
Angul ar accel erati on i s detected by Semi ci rcul ar canal s
Lesi on of hi ppocampus and medi al temporal l obe wi l l cause i nabi l i ty to

Anterograde amnesi a establ i sh new l ong term memory of the type of i nf ormati on that are the basi s of
I ntel l i gence
Anti i nf l ammatory acti on of corti sol i s mai nl y due to Stabi l i z ati on of cel l ul ar l ysosomal membrane
Anti di ureti c hormone secreti on i s sti mul ated by? I ncrease osmol ari ty of body f l ui ds
Physio
Apraxi a H and ski l l s movement l oss
Aqueous humour has ref racti ve i ndex of 1.34
- destructi on of sensory nerve suppl y

- l oss of tone i n bl adder
Atoni c bl adder i s characteri z ed by
- f i l l i ng of bl adder to to i ts capaci ty
- overf l ow i nconti nence
Babi nski si gn? Bi g toe dorsi f l exi on

Physio
Beta adrenergi c Cardi o accel erati on
Bi g hands and f eet i n 30 year ol d Acromegal y
Brai n waves i n non RE M sl eep Beta waves
Brai nwave i n a chi l d when sol vi ng probl ems Beta waves

Physio
Brodmann area of taste 43
Brodmann's area f or taste and gustati on? 3 and 4
CSF secreti on i nvol ves Acti ve transport of sodi um i ons
CSS f ormed i n Choroi d pl exus

Physio
Resul ts f rom wi despread destructi on of that porti on of the substanti a ni gra the
Cause of Parki nson's di sease (pars compacta) that sends dopami ne secreti ng nerve f i bres to the caudate nucl eus
and putamen
Cause of a toni c bl adder Sensory l oss
Cause of dwarf i sm I nsuf f i ci ent growth hormone produced by the anteri or pi tui tary
Cause of presbyopi a? Protei n denaturati on

Physio
1. Autoi mmuni ty > Long Acti ng T hyroi d Sti mul ator LAT S, an anti body >bi nds at the
Causes of H yperthyroi di sm? same receptors on thyroi d cel l membrane as T SH > i nc sec of T 3 and T 4.
2. Local i z ed adenoma i n thyroi d gl and > i nc sec of T 3 and T 4.
Cel l s i n the acti on potenti al l ayer of reti na Gangl i on cel l s
Cel l s of ki dney that are chemoreceptors receptors that respond to changes i n

M acul a densa cel l s
sol ute content of a f i l trate?
Contracti on i n both eyes when l i ght i s shown i n one eye

> c a u s e
Consensual l i ght ref l ex
some of the f i bres f rom pretectal nucl eus of one si de cross to the opposi te si de
and end on the opposi te edi nger westphal nucl eus
Physio
Peri stal si s i n smal l i ntesti ne i s control l ed by f ol l owi ng nervous and hormonal

f actors :
-stretchi ng of duodenal wal l
Control of Propul si ve movements of smal l i ntesti nes?
-gastroenteri c ref l ex
-gastri n, i nsul i n, cck, moti l i n amd serotoni n enhances moti l i ty
-secreti n and gl ucagon i nhi bi ts moti l i ty
Corti sol decreases? Bl ood l ymphocyte count
Couri er i s characteri z ed by danci ng f l i cki ng movements i nvol vi ng hand and f ace i t

Corpus stri atum
i s due to the l esi on of ?
D ef ecati on ref l ex? Parasympatheti c ref l ex

Physio
D el ta waves i n sl eep? Stage 4
D escendi ng l i mb of l oop of henl e contai ns? F l ui d that becones more concentrated as i t moves down i nto medul l a
D etecti on of hori z ontal accel erati on M acul a of utri cl e
D etermi nati on of the di recti on f rom whi ch the sound comes i s the f uncti on of Audi tory cortex
Physio
D i f f erence between gl omerul us and other capi l l ari es of body? I ts drai ned by an ef f erent arteri ol e
D i sease caused by i nadequate secreti on of AD H by pi tui tary gl and wi th

D i abetes i nspi dus
symptoms of pol y urea?
-l evodopa/carbi dopa
-L-D eprenyl
D rugs used to treat Parki nson's?
-transpl anted f etal dopami ne cel l s
-by destroyi ng part of the f eedback ci rcui tary
D uri ng devel opment of a hi gh grade f ever wi th chi l l s and ri gors there i s Shi veri ng
Physio
D uri ng f etal l i f e the devel opment of brai n i s promoted mai nl y by T hyroi d hormones
D utranope Green col our bl i ndness
D ysdi adochoki nesi a I nabi l i ty to perf orm Rapi d al ternati ng movements
E f f ect of AD H on extracel l ul ar osmol ari ty I ncreases

Physio
-depressi on
E f f ect of H yperthyroi di sm on Brai n? -dec concentrati on
-general l ack of i nterest
-dec heart rate

E f f ect of H yperthyroi di sm on H eart? -i nc/dec bl ood pressure
-dec cardi ac output
-consti pati on
E f f ect of H yperthyroi di sm on I ntesti nes?
-dec GI acti vi ty
-i nc LD L
E f f ect of H yperthyroi di sm on Li ver? -i nc chol estrol
-el evated tri gl yceri des
Physio
-dec f uncti on
E f f ect of H yperthyroi di sm on ki dneys?
-f l ui d retenti on and edema
-dec f erti l i ty
E f f ect of H yperthyroi di sm on reproducti ve system -menstrual abnormal i ti es
-may harm devel opment of i nf ant
E f f ect of al dosterone on sodi um reabsorpti on I ncreases sodi um reabsorpti on f rom di stal part of renal tubul es
1. M obi l i z es ami no aci ds f rom extra hepati c ti ssues eg muscl es.

2. I nc ami no aci d conc i n bl ood.
E f f ect of corti sol on protei n metabol i sm? 3. I nc transport of ami no aci ds i nto hepati c cel l s f or:
-i nc protei n synthesi s
-i nc gl uconeogenesi s
Physio
E f f ect of dopami ne on prol acti n secreti on D ecreases prol acti n secreti on
Au t o no mi c c o nt ro l : i nc GI T acti vi ty
-crani al porti on by vagus nerve
-sacral porti on by 2nd, 3rd and 4th pel vi c spl anchni c nerve
-postgangl i oni c neurons are l ocated i n myenteri c and submucosal pl exus.
E f f ect of parasympatheti c sti mul ati on on GI T ?
F u nc t i o ns :
>i nc peri stal si s and tone
>rel axes sphi ncters
>i nc di gesti ve secreti ons
E f f ect of parasympatheti c sti mul ati on on pupi l Constructi on of pupi l
-I nhi bi ts GI T acti vi ty
-f i bres ori gi nate i n spi nal cord between segments t5 to L2
-some f i bres enter sympatheti c chai ns and then pass to cel i ac gangl i on a myenteri c
gangl i on
M ost of the post gangl i oni c neurones are i n thi s gangl i on
E f f ect of sympatheti c sti mul ati on on gi t - i nnervates al l the GI T securi ty.
-secrete epi nephri ne and norepi nephri ne
F u nc t i o ns
> decrease peri stal si s and tone
> contracts sphi ncters
>decrease di gesti ve secreti on
Physio
I t causes motor aphasi a. T he person i s capabl e of deci di ng what he want to say

E f f ects of l esi on i n Broca's area
but cannot make the vocal system emi t the words
Pancreas secretes 2 hormones:

1. I ns u l i n (beta cel l s) : promotes gl ucose entry i n many cel l s and i n thi s way
E ndocri ne f uncti on of pancreas? promotes carb metabol i sm
2. G l u c a g o n (al pha cel l s) : i nc synthesi s and rel ease of gl ucose f rom l i ver i nto
body f l ui ds
E ngorgement i n erecti on occurs i n Corpora cavernosa
Prol acti n
Oxytoci n
E numerate hormones that take part i n l actati on
estrogen
progesterone
Physio
E pi thel i um f ormi ng uri nary bl adder? T ransi ti onal epi thel i um
E xcreti on of di l ute uri ne requi res? I mpermeabi l i ty of col l ecti ng tubul e to water
> i t i s associ ated wi th consci ousness or at l east awareness and i s dependent on

the hi ppocampus and other parts of the medi al temporal l obes of brai n f or i ts
E xpl i ci t or D ecl arati ve M emory? retenti on
>events and F acts ,memory of surroundi ngs, ti me rel ati onshi p, cause meani ng of
experi ence
E ye f ocused i n f ront of reti na? M yopi a

Physio
F actor i ncreasi ng gastri c moti l i ty M oti l i n
F ast conducti ng pai n f i bre A Al pha f i bre
F ast pai n i s transmi tted by whi ch tract? D orsal col umn
-buf f al o torso
-moon f ace
-mascul i ni z i ng ef f ects
- i nc bl ood gl ucose l evel
-i nc bl ood corti sol l evel
-i nc uri nary sec of 17 hydroxysteroi ds
-verti go
-acne
F eatures of Cushi ngs Syndrome?
-bl urry vi si on
-f emal e bal di ng
-water retenti on
-menstrual abnormal i ti es
-purpl e stri ae
-thi n ski n and brui si ng
-poor wound heal i ng
-hi rsuti sm
-severe depressi on
-cogni ti ve di f f i cul ti es
Physio
> l oss of sensory nerve f i bres

> di stended atoni c bl adder wal l
F eatures of atoni c bl adder?
> overf l ow dri bbl i ng
> tabes dorsal i s
1.D ysmetri a and ataxi a

2. past poi nti ng
3. D ysdi adochoki nesi a
4. D ysarthi a
F eatures of cerebel l ar di sease?
5. I ntenti on tumor
6. Cerebel l ar nystagmus
7. Astheni a
8. H ypotoni a
> upsi de down representati on of body parts

> i ni ti ate vol untary movements
F eatures of pri mary motor area?
> contai ns a granul ar type of cerebral cortex
> brodmann's area 4 i s present i n i t
> 30% of i ts f i bres ari se f rom pri mary motor area

> 30% of i ts f i bres ari se f rom pre motor and suppl ementary motor area
F eatures of pyrami dal tract?
> i t control s vol untary f i ne ski l l s movements speci al l y of di stal parts of l i mb
> most of i ts f i bres crossover to f orm medul l ary motor decussati on
Physio
F etal Ki dneys don't have to work very hard because? Pl acenta al l ows the mothers uri nary system to cl ear the waste f rom f etal bl ood
F i bres of D CM L system decussate i n M edul l a obl ongata
F i l trati on f racti on? Rati on of gl omerul ar f i l trate rate GF R to renal pl asma f l ow RPF
1. Gl omerul ar endothel i um
F i l trati on membrane i ncl udes? 2. Podocytes
3. Basement membrane
Physio
F i nd touch and two poi nt di scri mi nati on i s transmi tted by D cml system
E R and gol gi apparatus of thyroi d f ol l i cul ar cel l s f orm and secrete a gl ycoprotei n
F ormati on and secreti on of thyrogl obul i n on synthesi s of thyroi d hormones? cal l ed thyrogl obul i n i nto f ol l i cl es, contai ni ng 70 tyrosi ne ami no aci d resi dues.
T 3 and T 4 are f ormed as parr of thyrogl obul i n
F ovea of eye H i ghest vi sual acui ty
- mai ntai ns h o me o s t a s i s by control l ong tj e composi ti on, vol ume and pressure of
bl ood
F uncti on of Uri nary Sysyem -regul ates b l o o d g l u c o s e l e ve l s
-produces h o rmo ne s
-mai ntai ns bl ood o s mo l a ri t y
Physio
F uncti on of attenuati on ref l ex? Protects the i nner ear f rom the damage by very l oud sounds
F uncti on of j uxtagl omerul ar apparatus? Regul ate BP and rate of bl ood f i l trati on by ki dneys
F uncti on of l oop of henl e? F orms l arge vol ume of very di l ute uri ne a smal l vol ume of very concentrated uri ne
F uncti on of muscl es spi ndl es? Regul ate l ength of

Physio
F uncti on of progesterone on breasts Al veol o l obul ar devel opment
M ai ntai ns uteri ne l i ni ng
F uncti on of the pl acental estrogen
Sti mul ates mammary gl ands
T hey of f er
1.nutri ti on
2.support
3.spermatogenesi s
F uncti ons of sertol i cel l s
4.spermi ogenesi s
5.mul l eri an i nhi bi tory f actor
6.estradi ol
7.i nhi bi n
1. Acts as the mai n sensory rel ay centre

2. H as a rol e i n the control of motor acti vi ty
F uncti ons of thal amus?
3. Past of reti cul ar acti vati ng system
4. Part of l i mbi c system
Physio
F unctoon of angi otensi n l l Constri ct areteri ol es and i nc bl ood pressure
Gastri n i s rel eased f rom? Pyl ori c gl and of stomach
Gl omerul ar f i l trati on rate i s i ncreased by H ypotensi on
Gl omerul ar f i l trati on rate i s i ncreased wi th decreased? Pl asma col l oi d osmoti c pressure

Physio
Gl uconeogenesi s i s promoted by Gl ucagon
Gl ucose reabsorpti on occurs at? Proxi mal tubul e
Gl ucose reabsorpti on occurs at? Proxi mal tubul e
Growth hormone decreases Protei n catabol i sm

Physio
Growth retarded mental i ty normal Pi tui tary dwarf
T ri l ayered:
M ucosa
H i stol ogy of ureters?
M uscul ari s
Adventi ti a
H ormone decreased i n menopause Oestrogen
H ormone i ncreased i n f i rst tri mester? H cG

Physio
H ormone produci ng growth of al veol i l obul es and secretory changes i n the breast
Progesterone
is
H ormone rel eased f rom z ona gl omerul osa Al dosterone
H ormone rel eased f rom z ona gl omerul osa? Al dosterone
H ormone responsi bl e f or f acul tati ve water reabsorpti on? AD H

Physio
- dopami ne
- epi nephri ne
H ormones deri ved f rom tyrosi ne
- norepi nephri ne
- thyroxi n and T 3
1.testosterone
2.F SH
H ormones whi ch control sperm f ormati on? 3.LH
4.GH
5.estradi ol
H ow does al cohol act as di ureti c? I nhi bi ts rel ease of AD H
I ncreased H + I on concentrati on i n metabol i c aci dosi s > sti mul ates respi ratory
H ow i s metabol i c aci dosi s compensated centre i n medul l a > i ncrease rate of Pul monary venti l ati on > excess CO2bl own of f
>H + i on conc dec to normal
Physio
1. I odi ne trappi ng(i odi de pump)

2. F ormati on and aecreti on of thyrogl obul i n
H ow thyroi d hormones are synthesi z ed?
3. Oxi dati on of i odi de
4. I odi nati on of tyrosi ne (organi f i cati on of tyrosi ne)
H ypercal cemi a and hypophosphatemi a Pth
- addi son's di sease

- di arrhoea
H ypernatremi a i s present i n
- overdose of di ureti cs
- vomi ti ng
H yperopi a cause Weak l ens system

Physio
I f T m f or a parti cul ar ami no aci d i s 120 mi l l i gram per 100ml and the
concentrati on of that ami no aci d i n the bl ood i s 230 mi l l i gram per hundred ml ,the Wi l l appear i n uri ne
ami no aci d?
I f a man dri nks 3 gl asses of water there i s i nhi bi ti on of secreti on of A d h
I f ovum i s not f erti l i z ed, menstruati on occurs. Why? Reducti on i n estrogens and progesterone
I f the cl earance val ue of gl ucose i s z ero what does i t mean? N ormal l y al l gl ucose i s reabsorbed
Physio
I mpedance M atchi ng by whi chbone F ootpl ate of stapes
I mpedance M atchi ng? F ootpl ate of stapes
D oes not i nvol ve awareness and i ts retenti on does not usual l y i nvol ve processi ng i n
the hi ppocampus
I mpl i ci t or non decl arati ve memory? >such as al l the ski l l s devel oped f or hi tti ng a tenni s bal l i ncl udi ng automati c
memory to si ght the bal l and cal cul ate the rel ati onshi p and speed of the bal l to
the racket
I mportant hormone regul ator's of el ectrol yte reabsorpti on and secreti on? Angi otensi n l l and Al dosterone
Physio
I n I mpedance M atchi ng rol e of stapes F orce of movement of stapes i s i ncreased
I n a pati ent havi ng ri ght si ded hemi secti on of spi nal cord on the contral ateral
Pai n
si de bel ow the hemi secti on there i s l oss of ?
I n ascendi ng Li mb of l oop of henl e? T he thi ck segment moves i ons out i nto i ntersti ti al spaces f or reabsorpti on
I n body F l ui ds phosphate buf f er i s qual i tati vel y more powerf ul than bi carbonate
pKa val ue 6.8
buf f er because i t has
Physio
I n chi l dren when eyes are f ocused on an obj ect the ref racti ve power of l ens i s
14 di opters
i ncreased by
I n conducti ve deaf ness ef f ect on the af f ected ear Webberz test i s l ateral i z ed
I n metabol i c al kal osi s there i s i ncreased Pl asma bi carbonate concentrati on
I n metabol i c al kal osi s there i s i ncreased? Pl asma bi carbonate concentrati on

Physio
I n nerve deaf ness of ri ght ear? Weber's test i s l ateral i z ed on the l ef t si de
I n pati ents of thyrotoxi cosi s or Graves di sease there i s decrease pl asma l evel of ? T SH
I n pregnancy there i s i nhi bi ti on of secreti on of ? Anteri or pi tui tary gonadotropi ns
I n sensory aphasi a there i s damage to Werni cke's area

Physio
I n the bl ood gl ucocorti coi d decrease the number of Lymphocytes
I nabi l i ty to see the other si de? Opti c tract compressi on
I nf arct of i nternal capsul e resul ts i n Contral ateral spasti c chroni c paral ysi s
I nsul i n i ncreases Protei n synthesi s

Physio
I ntracel l ul ar water amount 28 l i tre water
Serum f ree T 3 and t4 l evel s > hi gh

I nvesti gati ons f or H yperthyroi di sm?
T SH l evel s > l ow
Acti ve transport of i odi de f rom E CF i nto thyroi d f ol l i cul ar cel l s and then i nto
I odi ne trappi ng i n synthesi s of thyroi d hormones?
f ol l i cl es
Regul ati ng rate of f i l trate f ormati on

Juxtagl omerul ar apparatus i s responsi bl e f or?
Control l i ng systemati c bl ood pressure
Physio
Ketoaci dosi s i s f ound i n? Uncontrol l ed di abetes mel l i tus
Ketone bodi es are f ormed i n excess when there i s def i ci ency of I nsul i n
Ki dneys devel op f rom? Urogeni tal ri dges
Labour i s brought by? F etal ACT H

Physio
Lef t homonymous hemi anopi a i s due to Ri ght opti c tract
Lesi on of ri ght opti c tract Lef t homonymous hemi anopi a
Levi l orai n dwarf i sm i s caused by l ack of ? Somatomedi an c
T he pri mary motor cortex l i es i n the f i rst conversati on of the f rontal l obes i nteri or
to the central sul cus. i t begi ns l i teral l y i n the syl vi an f i ssure, spreads repeatedl y
Locati on of pri mary motor cortex
to the upper most porti on of brai n, and then takes deep i nto the l ongi tudi nal
f i ssure
Physio
Loss of recent memory occurs when there i s l esi on of H i ppocampus
M acul a densa cel l s respond to? Changes i n sol ute content of f i l trate
M acul a densa i s part of ? 1st part of di stal tubul e
M agnet ref l ex Supporti ng ref l ex

Physio
M ai n f orce of f i l trati on Gl omerul ar hydrostati c pressure
M axi mum producti on of sperm? Adol escence
M echani sm of water re absorpti on by renal tubul es i s? Osmosi s
M essenger system f or ol f actory messenger Camp

Physio
M i d col l i cul ar secti on of mi dbrai n D ecerberate ri gi di ty
M i ni mum separabl e di stance f or two poi nts tacti l e di scri mi nati on i s on? T i ps of f i ngers
M i xi ng M ovement i n smal l i ntesti ne Segmentati on
M ost el ectrol yte re absorpti on by renal tubul es i s? H ormonal l y control l ed i n di stal tubul e segments
Physio
M ost of ref racti on i n eye occurs at Anteri or surf ace of cornea
M ost of water reabsorpti on through renal tubul es i s by Osmosi s
M ovements i n i ntesti ne Segmentati on and constructi on
M ovements i n ureters? Ureters are capabl e of peri stal si s l i ke GI T

Physio
M uscl e l ength organ M uscl es spi ndl e
N atural compounds f or measuri ng GF R i n the body Creati ni ne
N ormal pl asma cal ci um Level 9.8 to 11.5mg/dl
N ot a method by whi ch the cel l s of renal tubul es can rai se bl ood PH ? By secreti ng sodi um i ons
Physio
N ot i n cerebel l ar l esi on Sensory l oss
Obl i gatory uri ne? 500ml
Li ver
I ntesti nes
Reproducti ve
Organs af f ected by hyperthyroi di sm?
Brai n
H eart
Ki dneys
Removal of el ectron. I odi de I - i s oxi di z ed to l 2 i n thyroi d f ol l i cl es. T hi s process

Oxi dati on of I odi de i n synthesi s of thyroi d hormones?
i s accel erated by peroxi dase and hydrogen peroxi de.
Physio
PT H f uncti on on bone cel l s Osteocl asts acti vi ty
Pai n rel easi ng **** E nkaphl i n
Pal pi tati ons,

l oss of wei ght despi te i nc appeti te
I ntol erance to heat
Pul se rate 110/mi n H yperthyroi di sm (toxi c goi ter, thyrotoxi cosi s, graves)
Promi nent eyes
Swel l i ng on ant si de of neck
D i agnosi s?
Pancreati c enz yme Chol ecystoki ni n

Physio
Parathyroi d hormone decreases E xcreti on of cal ci um i n uri ne
Parathyroi d hormone i ncreases? Renal tubul ar reabsorpti on of cal ci um
Pari etal cel l s secrete? H CL and i ntri nsi c f actor
Parki nson's di sease i s due to i mbal ance of neurotransmi tters i n basal gangl i a
Acetyl chol i ne and dopami ne
these neurotransmi tters are
Physio
Part damaged i n parki nsoni sm Substanti a ni gra
- granul ar cel l s
Parts of j uxtagl omerul ar apparatus? - macul a densa
- mesangi al cel l s
Parturati on i s brought about by? Oxytoci n and prostagl andi ns?
-H ypertensi on causes general i z ed edema due to sal t and water retenti on.
-D ec i n f uncti on of neurons >I nc i n urea and other protei n ni trogens such as
creati ni ne whi ch are the end products of protei n metabol i sm must be remi ved f rom
body, causes uremi a > symptoms of uremi a: nausea, vomi ti ng, mental deteri orati on,
Pathophysi ol ogy of chroni c renal f ai l ure? conf usi on
-Aci d accumul ati on i n body f l ui ds> budf eri ng power used up > bl ood pH f al l s
and pati ent wi l l comatose> death i f pH f al l s bel ow 6.8
(body f l ui ds can normal l y buf f er 500 to 1000 mi l l i mol es of aci d and phosphate
compounds can buf f er addi ti onal f ew thousand mi l l omol es of aci d)
Physio
Pathway of l i ght ref l ex does not i nvol ve Vi sual cortex
Pati ent wi th cerebel l ar di sease i s not l i kel y to have? Stati c tremors
Pati ent wi th ri ght homonymous hemi anopi a i s l i kel y to have a l esi on i n? Lef t opti c tract
Percentage of f i l tered sodi um reabsorbed i n the proxi mal tubul e i s about? 65percent
Physio
Permeabi l i ty of Urea i n i nner medul l ary col l ecti ng duct i s i ncreased by A d h
A) sti mul ates gl uconeogenesi s i n l i ver by metavl i z i ng ami no aci ds i n extrahepati c

ti ssues(muscl es) and i nc the enz ymes of gl uconeogenesi s.
Physi ol ogi cal acti on of corti sol on carb metabol i sm? B) dec gl ucose uti l i z ati on by cel l s by dec the oxi dati on of N AD H 2 requi red f or
gl ycol ysi s and bt dec the gl ucose transport i nto cel l s.
C) I mc bl ood gl ucose l evel by i nc gl uconeogenesi s and dec gl ucose uti l i z ati on.
Pi tch percepti on of sound havi ng f requency l ess than 2000 words i n the organ of
Vol l eys theory
corti i s due to
Pl asma bi carbonate i ncreases i n M etabol i c al kal osi s

Physio
Post gangl i oni c sympatheti c chol i nergi c nerve f i bres suppl y Sweat gl ands
Post ovul atory phase of menstrual cycl e by whi ch hormone F SH
Post ovul atory phase of menstrual cycl e? F SH
Pregnancy on menstrual cycl e hormones H CG

Physio
Premature ej acul ati on Sympatheti c l oss
Prol acti n f rom the anteri or pi tui tary causes? M i l k secreti on i n breast
- beta waves i n E E G
- acti ve dreami ng
RE M sl eep i s characteri z ed by
- D el ta waves i n E E G
- rapi d eye movement
> beta waves i n E E G

> dreams whi ch can be recal l ed
RE M sl eep i s characteri z ed by?
> i rregul ar respi rati on
> Rapi d movements of the eye
Physio
Reabsorpti on of hi gh l evel s of gl ucose and ami no aci ds i nf i l trate i s

Secondary acti ve transport
accompl i shed by?
Reabsorpti on of sodi um and chl ori de i n di stal tubul es and col l ecti ng duct i s
Al dosterone
i ncreased by
Reabsorpti on of water i s? H ormonal control
Reason f or dec of ki dney f uncti on i n ol der adul ts? Ki dney atrophy

Physio
- they l ack carri ers

Reasons why substances are ei ther not reabsorbed or are i n compl etel y reabsorbed
- they are not l i qui d sol ubl e
f rom the nephron?
- they are too l arge to pass through the f enestrati ons
Receptors f or thyroi d hormones are l ocated i n DNA
Receptors whi ch undergo sl ow adaptati on or are H ai r f ol l i cl e receptors
Ref racti ve power i n chi l d 14 di opter

Physio
A) CRF a pepti de sec by post medi al basal hypothal amus > ACT H a pepti de sec
by ant pi tui tary gl and > corti sol sec by adrenal cortex.
B) D i f f erent stresses eg trauma i nf ecti on operati on > corti sol sec by adrenal
Regul ati on of Corti sol ? cortex.
C) Corti sol > negati ve f eedback i nhi bi ton of ACT H CRF .
D ) Ci rcadi an rhythm sec rates of CRF ACT H and corti sol : hi gh i n earl y morni ng,
l ow i n l ate eveni ng
Rel ease of human chori oni c gonadotropi n f rom pl acenta sti mul ates Leydi g cel l s of mal e testes
Renal bl ood f l ow? 1100ml /mi n
Bowman's capsul e
Renal corpuscl e i s made up of ?
Gl omerul us
Physio
Reni n i s secreted by? JG cel l s
Renni n i s rel eased f rom JG cel l s
Reti nal cel l s i nvol ved i n l ateral i nhi bi ti on are H ori z ontal cel l s
Retrograde amnesi a I nabi l i ty to recal l memori es f rom the past

Physio
Rol e of aqueous humour M ai ntai ns i ntraocul ar pressure behi nd l ens
Rol e of f atty ti ssue surroundi ng the ki dney? Stabi l i z es the posi ti on of ki dneys by hol di ng them i n normal posi ti on
Secreti on of growth hormone i s i ncreased by E xerci se
Semi ci rcul ar canal s can detect? Vel oci ty of angul ar accel erati on
Physio
- crude touch
- pi n
Sensati ons carri ed by spi nothal ami c tract
- temperature
- ti ckl e
Sensory Associ ati on area l esi on ef f ect I nabi l i ty to recogni se opposi te si de of body
Sensory receptors whi ch respond to rotati on of head are present i n Cri sta ampul l ari s
Sensory receptors whi ch undergoes sl ow adaptati on? F ree nerve endi ngs
Physio
Sequence f rom f ormati on of uri ne drop to i ts el i mi nati on f rom the body? N ephron > col l ecti ng duct > mi nor cal yx >maj or cal yx > ureter > urethra
Serum f sh l evel i ncreases when there i s a l ow l evel of Oestrogen
Si te of spermatogenesi s Semi ni f erous tubul es
Snel l en chart i s f o r Vi sual acui ty

Physio
Sodi um bal ance i s regul ated mai nl y by the control of amounts of sodi um E xcreted i n uri ne
Sodi um concentrati on and osmol ari ty of extracel l ul ar f l ui d i s control l ed mai nl y

AD H
by?
Sodi um i s reabsorbed f rom the baso l ateral surf ace of Renal tubul ar epi thel i al
Sodi um hydrogen exchange
cel l s by
Spasti c paral ysi s? UM N

Physio
Speci f i c Gravi ty or densi ty of uri ne? 1.001 to 1.035
Speech area? Brocas area
Stapedi us and tensor tympani rol e Attenuati on ref l ex
Stomach emptyi ng? CCK

Physio
T emperature i s i ncreased by the hormone? Progesterone
T estosterone decreases Growth of hai r on scal p
T hal amus i s i nvol ved i n the control of Autonomi c nervous system
T he bi tter taste i s maxi mal l y percei ved on Back of tongue

Physio
T he chi ef source pushi ng water and sol utes out of bl ood across f i l trati on
Gl omerul ar hydrostati c pressure(gl omerul ar bl ood pressure)
membrane i s?
T he ef f ect of sympatheti c sti mul ati on medi ated through beta-adrenergi c

Cardi oaccel erati on
receptors i s?
T he endogenous substance i n the human body whi ch can be used to measure

Creati ni ne
gl omerul ar f i l trati on rate by renal cl earance i s?
T he f actors f avouri ng f i l trate f ormati on at gl omerul us? Gl omerul ar hydrostati c pressure

Physio
T he f ood contai ni ng and gl utamate gi ve the taste? Umami
T he greatest amount of H + secreted by proxi mal tubul e i s associ ated wi th E xcreti on of potassi um i on
T he growth hormone acti on on f atty aci ds I ncreases uti l i sati on of f atty aci ds f or energy
T he hormone acti ng on the target cel l s through the acti vati on of phosphol i pase C
Gonadotropi n rel easi ng hormone
i s?
Physio
T he ki dneys are sti mul ated to produce Reni n by? A dec i n bl ood pressure
T he l i ght rays comi ng f rom di stant obj ects are f ocused i n f ront of the Reti na i n? M yopi a
- countercurrent mul ti pl i er mechani sm

- countercurrent exchanger mechani sm
T he mechani sm f or excreti on of concentrated uri ne i nvol ves?
- hyperosmol ari ty of renal medul l ary i ntersti ti um
- presence of anti di ureti c hormone
T he mechani sm that establ i shes the medul l ary osmoti c gradi ent depends mostl y
Loop of henl e
on permeabi l i ty properti es of ?
Physio
T he pKa of aci d i n phosphate buf f er i s? 6.8
T he pari etal l ayer of gl omerul ar capsul e? Si mpl e squamous epi thel i um
T he part of renal tubul es i mpermeabl e to water i s T hi ck ascendi ng Li mb of l oop of henl e
T he permeabi l i ty f or urea i n i nner medul l ary col l ecti ng duct i s i ncreased by A D H

Physio
- pri mary motor area

- premoter area
T he pyrami dal tract contai n f i bres f rom
- somati c sensory areas
- vi sual areas
T he ref l ex havi ng pol ysynapti c ref l ex arc i s I nverse stretch ref l ex
T he reti nal cel l s whi ch generate acti on potenti al al ong the opti c nerve f i bres are? Gangl i on
T he secretory changes i n uteri ne endometri um and i nhi bi ti on of uteri ne contracti on

Progesterone
i s the f uncti on of ?
Physio
T he total ref racti ve power of eye i n di opters i s 59
T otal body water can be measured by usi ng Radi oacti ve? Water (tri ti um)
T otal quanti ty of gl omerul ar f i l trate f ormed per day i s 180 l i tres
T ubul ar reabsorpti on by acti ve mechani sm usual l y i nvol ves? M ovement agai nst an el ectri cal and or chemi cal gradi ent
Physio
T wo poi nt di scri mi nati on i s del i vered by whi ch tract? D orsal col umn
T wo poi nt di scri mi nati on i s transmi tted by D orsal col umn sensati on
T ype of edema that devel ops i n hyperthyroi d pati ents? M yxedema
T ype of pai n transmi tted by dorsal col umn tract F ast pai n
Physio
1. E xcretory
2. Regul atory
T ypea of f uncti ons of ki dney?
3. Syntheti c
4. E ndocri ne
N ucl ear bag f i bres

T ypes of i ntraf usal f i bres
nucl ear chai n f i bres
D ecl arati ve or expl i ci t

T ypes of memory?
N on decl arati ve or i mpl i ci t
Unmyel i nated f i bres T ype c

Physio
Uri nary excreti on of vanl l yl mandel i c aci d i ncreases when there i s i ncrease
Catechol ami nes
secreti on of
Pel vi s of ki dney
To
Ureter
Uri ne passes through? To
Bl adder
To
Urethra
Val ue of GF R? 125ml /mi n or 180l i tre/day
Water f i l ter i nto renal tubul es i s maxi mal l y reabsorbed i n Proxi mal tubul e
Physio
Water reabsorpti on does not occur i n? Ascendi ng l oop of henl e
Werni cke's area? T emporal l obe
1. I nc proteol ysi s of thyrogl obul i n that has al ready been stored i n the f ol l i cl es,
resul tong i n rel eaae of thyroi d hormones i n ci rcul ati ng bl ood and di mi ni shment of
the f ol l i cul ar substance i tsel f .
2. I nc acti vi ty of i odi de pump whi ch onc rate of i odi ne trappi ng i n gl andul ar
cel l s,sometomes i nc the rati o of i ntracel l ul ar to extracel l ul ar I conc i n gl andul ar
Wf f ect of T SH thyroi d gl and? substance to as much aa 8x normal .
3. I nc i odi nati on of tyrosi ne to f orm thyroi d hormones.
4. I nc si z e and sec acti vi ty of thyroi d cel l s.
5. I nc i n no of thyroi d cel l s and change f rom cuboi dal to col i mnar cel l s and much
i nf ol di ngs of thyroi d epi thel i em i nto f ol l i cl es.
H ence T SH i nc al l known sec f uncti ons of thyroi d gl andul ar cel l s
What acts as a tri gger f or i ni ti ati on of M i cturi ti on? Stretchi ng of bl adder wal l
Physio
1.I ncreased pl asma col l oi d osmoti c pressure

2.I ncrease bowman's capsul e pressure
What are the decreasi ng f actors of GF R?
3.af f erent arteri ol ar
4. Sympathati c si mul ati on (because of af f erent arteri ol ar constri cti on)
1.Acts as a shock absorber

2.acts as a cushi on between sof t and del i cate brai n and ri gi d crani um
3.acts as a f l ui d buf f er
What are the f uncti ons of CSF
4.acts as a reservoi r to regul ate contents of crani um
5.medi um f or nutri ti onal exchange 6.removes metabol i tes
7.transports medi ci ne
T he are three systems f or regul ati on of aci d base bal ance:

What are the l i nes of D ef ence agai nst changes i n H posi ti ve I on concentrati on of -Aci d base buf f er system
body f l ui ds -Respi ratory system
-Renal system
What does pari etal cel l s secrete H CL and i ntri nsi c f actor
Physio
T he short term memory, i f acti vated repeatedl y, wi l l i ni ti ate chemi cal physi cal
and Anatomi cal changes i n the synapses that are responsi bl e f or the l ong term type
of memory.
What i s consol i dati on of memory
>thi s process requi res 5 to 10 mi ns f or mi ni mal consol i dati on and 1 hr or more f or
stri ng consol i dati on.
> rehearsal enhances the transf erence of short term memory i nto l ong term memory
What i s the sal t l evel moni tori ng part of nephron? M acul a densa
What woul d happen i f capsul ar hydrostati c pressure were i ncreased was normal ? N et f i l trati on woul d decrease
When a baby cycl es mothers breast the hormone i nvol ved i n mi l k ej ecti on i s Oxytoci n
Physio
Podocyte
Whi ch **** i s associ ated wi th the Renal Corpuscl e? F enestrated capi l l ary
E f f erent arteri ol e
Whi ch artery l i es on the boundary between cortex and medul l a of ki dney? Arcuate artery
Whi ch hormone causes stretch of cervi x Oxytoci n
Whi ch hormone i ncreases 2 days bef ore ovul ati on LH

Physio
Whi ch hormone i ncreases extracel l ul ar osmol ari ty? AD H
- renal auto regul ati on

Whi ch i s a gl omerul ar f i l trati on rate control method? - neuronal regul ati on
- hormonal regul ati on
Whi ch i s not absorbed by proxi mal convul ated tubul e? Creati ni ne
Whi ch l esi on causes compl ete bl i ndness i n eye? Opti c nerve

Physio
P i g me nt e d l a ye r as vi t A i s stored i n thi s l ayer.

Whi chl ayer of reti na becomes i mpai red i n nyctal opi a?
L a ye r o f ro d s as vi t A i s i nvol ved i n f ormati on of reti nal and rhodopsi n
>Posteri or spi nocerebel l ar f i bres recei ve muscl e j oi nt i nf ormati on f rom the muscl e
spi ndl es, tendon organs and j oi nt receptors of the trunk and l ower l i mbs.
-T hi s i nf ormati on regardi ng tensi on of muscl es and j oi nts i s used by the
cerebel l um i n the mai ntenance of posture
Why does a person wi th cerebel l ar di sease has di f f i cul ty i n mai ntai ni ng bal ance? >anteri or spi nocerebel l ar tract provi ded the same i nf ormati on f rom upper and l ower
Li mbs
>Cuneocerebel l ar tract provi de i nf ormati on of muscl e j oi nt
>i n cerebel l ar l esi on, the cerebel l um cannot comprehend thi s i nf ormati on and
resul ts i n l oss of bal ance
Wri thi ng i s caused by a l esi on i n Gl obus pal l i dus
i n metabol i c aci dosi s there i s decreased Pl asma bi carbonate concentrati on

Physio
pl asma cl earance of phosphate i s brought about by PT H

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Physio

Study this set o nline at: https://www.cram.co m/flashcards/physio -8 749 244

A pati ent wi th an endocri ne di sorder has l ow potassi um pl asma l evel and

Achal asi a? Lower part of oesphogus ka stenosi s

F i l trati on f racti on i ncreases Oncoti c pressure

F i l trati on of Pl asma protei ns through the gl omerel l a membrane i s prevented

I nsul i n decreases i n Ketogenesi s

I ntraocul ar pressure i s mai ntai ned by? Aqueous humor

N eurotransmi tter that i nhi bi ts postsynapti c neurone? Gl yci ne

T hyroxi ne c Uncoupl ers produce heat

60percent semen i s f ormed by? Secreti on of semi nal vesi cl es

7 ketosteroi ds Adrenogeni tal syndrome

AD H i nj ecti on f or correcti on Central D I

Acne f ormati on i n gi rl i s brought about by Adrenal androgens

1.D i f f erenti ati on and devel opment of secondary sex organs:

Al kal i ne secreti ons i n ej acul atory f l ui d by Prostate

Amount of CSF 500ml

Angul ar accel erati on i s detected by Semi ci rcul ar canal s

Lesi on of hi ppocampus and medi al temporal l obe wi l l cause i nabi l i ty to

Apraxi a H and ski l l s movement l oss

Aqueous humour has ref racti ve i ndex of 1.34

- destructi on of sensory nerve suppl y

Babi nski si gn? Bi g toe dorsi f l exi on

Beta adrenergi c Cardi o accel erati on

Bi g hands and f eet i n 30 year ol d Acromegal y

Brai n waves i n non RE M sl eep Beta waves

Brai nwave i n a chi l d when sol vi ng probl ems Beta waves

Brodmann area of taste 43

Brodmann's area f or taste and gustati on? 3 and 4

CSF secreti on i nvol ves Acti ve transport of sodi um i ons

CSS f ormed i n Choroi d pl exus

Cause of a toni c bl adder Sensory l oss

Cause of presbyopi a? Protei n denaturati on

Cel l s i n the acti on potenti al l ayer of reti na Gangl i on cel l s

Cel l s of ki dney that are chemoreceptors receptors that respond to changes i n

Contracti on i n both eyes when l i ght i s shown i n one eye

Peri stal si s i n smal l i ntesti ne i s control l ed by f ol l owi ng nervous and hormonal

Corti sol decreases? Bl ood l ymphocyte count

Couri er i s characteri z ed by danci ng f l i cki ng movements i nvol vi ng hand and f ace i t

D ef ecati on ref l ex? Parasympatheti c ref l ex

D el ta waves i n sl eep? Stage 4

D etecti on of hori z ontal accel erati on M acul a of utri cl e

D i sease caused by i nadequate secreti on of AD H by pi tui tary gl and wi th

D utranope Green col our bl i ndness

D ysdi adochoki nesi a I nabi l i ty to perf orm Rapi d al ternati ng movements

E f f ect of AD H on extracel l ul ar osmol ari ty I ncreases

-dec heart rate

1. M obi l i z es ami no aci ds f rom extra hepati c ti ssues eg muscl es.

E f f ect of dopami ne on prol acti n secreti on D ecreases prol acti n secreti on

E f f ect of parasympatheti c sti mul ati on on pupi l Constructi on of pupi l

I t causes motor aphasi a. T he person i s capabl e of deci di ng what he want to say

Pancreas secretes 2 hormones:

E ngorgement i n erecti on occurs i n Corpora cavernosa

E pi thel i um f ormi ng uri nary bl adder? T ransi ti onal epi thel i um

> i t i s associ ated wi th consci ousness or at l east awareness and i s dependent on

E ye f ocused i n f ront of reti na? M yopi a

F actor i ncreasi ng gastri c moti l i ty M oti l i n

F ast conducti ng pai n f i bre A Al pha f i bre

F ast pai n i s transmi tted by whi ch tract? D orsal col umn

> l oss of sensory nerve f i bres

1.D ysmetri a and ataxi a

> upsi de down representati on of body parts

> 30% of i ts f i bres ari se f rom pri mary motor area

F i bres of D CM L system decussate i n M edul l a obl ongata