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Review

Drudemodel 雖然無法帶出許多正確的解釋 但可為吾⼈帶來


Hall coefficient 1Table H

⼀族數越接近1 的metal
Nude model 預測就越 準確

Teacher的Hall weH.BE né 任制

Textbook Hall
weH Raining制

過渡元素 or A族 數太⾼ 會
族 連
預測趨勢都相反
诽 的族預測開始不太準確
5
t.isfixed

pn
motionof ē
B is large

t is fixed
An B is small
Sommerfeld model Quantum mechanism substituted
is
10 1 dim quantum
well

tnnfisiny o

1 ttd 1 normalization
n1

ln ⼆ 点 1啊 in

X
Blhi nhxoi Nllxt ⼆ 0 L
n2
Handing wave
in dim quantum well

tnifsinylsnllsml
Define kx
NI.ly 中 kinfinxny.BE

lk.ky.kpwavevector I
描述 ē ⾏為比較常⽤ I 比較少⽤ ⼤
能量以駐波型式存在不dim 陷阱盒中
30In real solids

énnnns

4xeiti
11
consider periodic boundary condition

Mxthy.I ⼆ ⼗ lx.y.pl Traveling wave


tlx.ytl.gl ⼆⼗my 8
tlx.y.pl ⼆
⼗Niyyl

tnijěiti
I 不影響

其中 Fxeiyejyej
tkxeitkyejthej but n.EE
kxinxil
⼦ ⼦ I
qi 岱 Tlkititi 的é動能
Traveling wave
2
與 standing wave的 é動能

Iii kineticenergyof ē
t
型式⼀樣

itreeé kinetic
energy
⼆ total energy

in Il momentum of é
I_space ky

指在以望為單位的格㣃上

iif kx

lg unit volume
TRY
i
At Fokl ground state

ly ofelectrons ofstates
ki N
⼆ of allowed is
i k

if
I'dimension
i
Fermi sphere dimension is It

璔遵守Fermisphere Fermi sphere的


體積
該球體體積 錐
⼼ it
8⽇ spinup
down
spin
V7
⼩格⼦的體積

krlilǐi
in Neuron density
ntikii Fermisphere 能填的 ē就越多

Fermi
wave vector

ki ni
Fermi
energy 作ok groundstate 完全無視温度的效應

G If ⼆ 点 lnnii 1.5 15ev 1forground state

lh Table1orz可查

Fermi velocity

imviǐ 红

u ⼗台 108omls 1forFok ground state

Note that for classical Nrude


egas

Nd 嵆 IǗǛ
For Drude model 在極低温時 Nd 0

Butfor Sommerfeld model 在極低温時 é仍保持


極快的速度
In actually 在室温下 ē的速率比較接近 icmls 1
Fermi temperature 1並非 é真實的溫度

如在 ⼆ 年
104 105K
有⼆ 台
thermal us
quantum I mustbe 泝 to affect Fermi statistics

在探討 Fermi statistics 無須考慮溫度效應

Ground state
energy

hiǐx 启刪 器 ⼆ 年 NG WI
spinit
lreuh 比圳 在Fermiyher中的所有 é 能量
In Fermisphere 總合

have.perelectron 三 兜 三
G M

ut in it 1制
封⼼
How to calculate

珈 itot ldt

点 iitiot
ldtxdkydki

ǚlflhdt
hirxjfdt.fm
idk 4不

i Nli

Concept of density of states 1pervolume


Mis
Previously we counted of states by I or of
But we want to do this by and as well

恐懼 悲
Define Dos as
glni
均已知關係
i

dim iq
Recall that

fǜiiǜkfk 1不同dim 出來的答案不同


ii 1有的青 spin it 會分開討論

n 公式之間可能會差 2倍

iǚilòii

nqii 袋品 器
gnzil 㓵仙 难 Horndīml

If r dim
gionst tdim
u g.nl
gigi
gn
i
xjq spin spin

Fermi Dīrav distribution


chemical potential Hemilevel
1 A
如⼼ ⼆

in 1 考慮 Partitialfx

A Classical
fuBy épé f
如 To
kkj 0.5 T to

0 E
r M
在下⽔時 所有的 electrons必須完美得填在
cu之前
but Ttok時 有些electrons可以跑超出
ǒu的範圍
level Fermi
fermi energy

M is
not necessarily same as ǎ
while
itu IT G is a constant
9 Fok 增從能量最低填到
能量最⾼
價米能階

l nfgnda.in

nǐl
和ugh
to K

f G

nfgnfihinITto
distribution function

Therefore
to estimate

n Y fgnfudl

uyàjignhnd
Electric conductivity revisits

10equation of motion

lt
in time Ée
i

如 背 ok

i In the absence of É
ky I Y各個⽅向都有
Xaverage of I
shifted
region
這塊區域才是 shift litiisinxdir
有真正提供andunion distribution of quantum electron gas
效應的 ē

Ē is on
when
Is to

i Ir Í
classical i
Intend
quantum i tell您 ihu projectedon to x axis
shaded
region
shifted
region
會進來
ileydkokk
4
Gsindcg 不少

喈Ex
same as Drude model

40 A side note
In Sommerfeld model icmb
in
Intend but it is actually I 偕Dte NF
1 Tǒcmls
只有特定fraction
的ē 提供 condition

是 焦⼼

如在
fk
us Sommerfeld model Prud model

in mid 形式相同 但意義不同


Sommerfeld model 只有部份 é提供 conduction

Drudemodel 所有的 é都參與conduction

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