recopyloi)

loiopia

1998
 Koivfj
(3o<; (xi. Ji.X. - 6o<; at. |Li.X.)
 113

ETTJV lOTopia ii\c, eMi|viKf|<; ytaoooat; (a,7topoi3p,8 voc |iiXdp.e yia Tpeiq Koi-
viq (y^coooe<;): a) tr|v npoiOTopiKtf KOIVT) (f| 17pG)ToeAAri.vifCT) f| UpoSiaheKTi-
KI) EAAT7VIJCTJ), P) Tiyv KaT' e^ox^v Koivi), yvcooTf| coq AAe^avcSpivi] KOIVT) (i^
EAATTViartJCT] Koivi]) Kai y) TT| JVeoeAArjvifCT] KOIVT) (f| KOIVT) NeoeAATjvun] 1^
Koivf\a EAA^vrja)).
A<; apxioox)p,e |j,e laepvKeq jtapafnp^oeiq YI(* tT|v ovofxa
Y^coooaq KOCT' avif) TTIV neplo5o Kai yw TTI owacpfi opoXoYia. O opoq
(evv. yAcoacra) 8TiA,covet eup-OTepa TTIV an^ojtoir|[j,evri aTTVKf|,
nou aTco Totx; ^povoix; i8ico<; TOXI M. AXe^avSpot) dp%ioe va yiveTai
H.T) YpowtTfi Kai 7ipo9opiKf| Y^-coooa EVTOI; Kai EKTO<; tri<; EXXdSoi; (OTT] M. Aoia,
AlytOTTO, Ztipia K.a.). H Koivf| EX^riviKfi TCOV aXe^av8piv(6v Kai pcojiaiKcov ^po-
vcov, (O.e otiyxpova -Kai KaT' avdyKTiv ava^povioTiKd- yXcoooiKd napaSety-
, 6a p,7iopot)oe va cruyKpiGet |a.e TTJ ori(j,epivfi AyyA,iKf| co<; (ir)tpiKf| (AyyMa,
2!, AuoTpaMa, KavaSdq) Kai ax; ^evr), Semepri yXcoaoa (IvSla K.a.).
Ap%iKd o opoq Koivn xpTloinouoifiGriKe aTto opiojaevo-oq apxaiotii; ypa(j,|j,aTi-
KOTJ*; (AnoAAaNio TOV AYZKOAO, HPtiAiANO), yia va 8r|Xa>aei TTIV apxiKr^ (J.op(pf|
Tf|<; EXA,r|ViKiiq an' OTIOD 7cpof|^,6av 01 |a,eT£7teiTa 8id^,£KToi (ATTIKT), IraviKf),
AioXiKf^ Kai AcopiKi'i). O t8io<; o HPCiAlANOX Kai dA,^,oi apxocioi ypa|a|j,aTiKoi TT|V
npay|j,aTiKf| KOIVT^ y/Vcoooa Tf|<; eno%f\q Touq TTJV xapaKTripi^ow (oq «TJ auvr]-
deia», «f] vvvi avvr]6eia», y^raooa «rj ndvrsg %p(a^Qa» f) TI yXooooa «r\
T(OV TETTdpCOV aVV£GTO)Ga». Zuvei8T|TOl Kttl «0W£Jiei<;» ATTlKlOTeq, 67tO)(; ^.%.
o MOIPIZ, eivai a\)Tot not) npcoToi avTiSiaoTeX^ow Ta AtTiKd, TT| «yA,(6aoa-
np6TT)7io» TCOV ATTiKcov, «TO 'ATTiKOv» A,ey6(0,evo, and TT) ^-uSala, 0a
TT|v TtpocpopiKi^ y^coooa TII<; tnoyfyq, imv %apaKTf|pi^av u7ioTi|iT|TiKd coq
vdv» Kai TTI (nio awTT)pr|TiKf|, cpatveTai) ypaitTfi y>,c6ooa, not)
«'EAAT]viK:6v». riapd8eiy(a,a: «'E^iAAetv 'ATTIKOI, e^eipyeiv
Aeiv KOIVOV». 'Ooo Ttpo^copei 6p.a><; o ATTIKIO^OI; Kai empanel TI<;
TOD OTOV TtveDjiaTiKd %<apo, TOOO t| evvoia TOTJ e^rjviKov (e'k'kr\via\i6q, eAAt]-
vi&iv) Ttaipvei d^o Kai TCIO apvr|TiKf| xpotd, acpou rc^eov avTinapaTiGeTai
7tpo<; TOV Kavdva, TTJV TtpoTDnr) aTTiKf| y>,(6ooa TCOV K^aooiKcov xpdvcov, Kai
GecopeiTai a7COK^ioT|. 'ETOI o eAATrvia/iog Kai TO eAAT^vi^eiv no\> anoTetaruoav
OTOV APIETOTEAH KpiTiipia TOT) KaJioij Xdyot), avTi8iaoTe^X,on,eva Ttpoi; TOV GO-
hoiKiafid Kai TOV /3apj3apia/id, GTOIX; xpovoxx; 7t£pt TOV XpioTo anoTEXoTJv
7capa8£ty^aTa npoi; ano^tiyfiv.
(4,e TTIV opoXoyia 6a TcpeTtei va oTi^sicoooDjie Kai Ta e^f|q. Oi ^evoi
Tf|<; yA,coooa<; xpi1oi|aoTtoiol:)v ov^vd yi' ai)Tf|v TT|V Tte-
114

pioSo TOV euplkepo opo «LietaKAaoiKT) EAAT|viKf|», opo vf\q avTiOTOiYjic; cpiAo-
Aoyiag. O dpog auTdi;, avTUtapanQeLievoi; npoq «TT)V KAaoiKT] EA,Ar|viKr|», 8r)-
J
Acovei OTT|v repair) OAT] ir|v lOTOpiKTi 8ia8poii^ rife eAAt|viKfi<; yAcoooag /ierd
TODC; KAaoiKotii; xpovoix;, and TO SetiTepo rjiiioi) Toti 4oi) n.X. aicova Lie%pi of|-
Liepcc! IIpoKeiTai, npocpavcoc;, yia oi)y%imKd nepieKTiKd opo, yeyovdi; noi) 8ev
LieTapdAAgTai and tr) ouorcripd nepiopiaTiKii xpfi01! TOU opou ajro LiepiKoiJi;
yux Liovr) TTJV aAg^avSpivr^ Kai TTJ pcoiiaiKri ;rep(o8o. 'ETOI eivai TtpoTiiioTepo,
coq oacpeotepo, va xpr)OiLio3toieiTai o 6po<g Koivfj. TeXoq, 01 jrpooSiopvoLiot
Ahe^avSpivtf (Kown) Kai EhhrjviaTiKfj (Kown) eniKpaTTioav OTT|V
ecpapiioyfi TOIJ opou, LIOAOVOTI Kai ov 8i3o eivai, OTT)V TtpayiiaTiKOTTiTa,
pioTiKot TOIJ opot) Koivtf oe Liovri TT)v aAe^avSpivf] "n eAAtivioTiK'n TtepioSo,
evco T) ^dori aDTt) TT)<; eAAtiviK^i; yAcoooai; KaA,i3jiTei npdyLiaTi Tr|v eAATjvtOTi,-
Kfj, TT) pcoLiaiK'n Kai TT|v TtpcoiLir) (tpic6v aicovcov) (3i)^avTivn 7tepio5o.
Me tr)v TeAeutaia TiapaTri priori 6iyoi)Lie TO 9eiia TCOV xpoviKcov opicov Tr^q
i;, TO OJTOIO e^eTdoaiie eKTevax; mo Jtdvco, LiiAcovTaq yia TTI 5iaipeor) tr\c,
Tf|<; eAAr)viKr)<; yAcoooac; oe TiepioSotx;. E8c6 0a jrepiopiOToiJLie va
n&q r\i OTO 8ei3tepo TILHOD toi3 4o\ jt.X. at. (oTonq %pd-
ti; TOU M. AAe^avSpou) Kai TeAeicovei, KaT' dAAODq jaev Lie TT| jneTacpopd TTJ^
TrpcoTe'uo'uoai; Toi3 AvaTOAiKoti PcoiiaiKot) Kpdtotx; OTrjv KcovoTavTivoiJTCOATi
(330 Li.X.), KaT' dAAOvg 5e aKOLir) apydTepa, TOV 60 ai., %povoAdyr)ori TIOD yia
Kai y^coooiKOvq Adyotx;, toix; OTtoiotx; avacpepajie eKei, cpatveTat

TeAeic6vovTa<; tic, yeviKeq awec; ;rapaTripfioei<;, TipeTiei va TovtooxtLie Tr)v

iSiaiTepr) orijiiaoia amr\c, if\q TrepidSon Tf|<; yAcoooiKfii; Liaq lOTOpiaq. H AAe-
^av8pivn Koivn eivai r| KpioiLir) KaLiTir) OJTOU T| eAAr)viKf| yXcoooa
Tai pi^iKd TtepvoovTat; and ir\v ap%aia OTT] vea EAArjviKr). Ze d?ia Ta
Tf|<; yAcoooaq -OTO cpcovoAoyiKd, OTO LiopcpoAoyiKO, OTO ODVTavTiKd Kai OTO Ae-
rjLiaoioAoyiKd- r\ viac, EAAtiviKiiig KaGopi^eTai arcd riq
71011 or]Lieic60riKav oir) yAcoooa Liaq KaTcx Tr|v Jtep(o8o TII<; Koivfjq.
'OTtcoc; 9a ^avei TTIO KdTco and tr\v TtpayLidTeDor) TCOV LieTapoAcov awcov, OAO-
K^ripo TO or|Liepivd oiJOTTiLia TCOV ri^cov (^Gdyycov Kai cpcovriLiaTCov) Lie TO OTCOIO
8r|AcovovTai 01 Ae^ucei; Kai 01 ypaiiLiaTiKei; (LiopcpoouvTaKTiK^i;) or)Liaote<; Tfjg
yAcoooa<; y,aq avayeTai OTOD? %p6vo\><; Triq Koivfii;. To (810 la^lJei Kai yia Ta
TtepioodTepa and Ta LiopcpriLiaTa (oY,r|LiaTioTiKe<; K«I 7iapaycoyiKe<; KaTaA,r|-
^eiq Kai em0fJLiaTa), Lie Ta onoia 8r|Ac6vovTai 01 8idcpope<; LiopcpooDVTaKTiKeq
o^eoen; (TCTtooeii;, KAIOT) ovdiiaToc; Kai pr^LiaTOi; K.ATC.) TTJI; veaq EAATIVIKT^I;. Av
01 piCeq tr\q ve.aq EAATIVIKIII; avdyovTai OTT)V ap%aia EAXriviKfi, TTJI; onoiac; ^
a
TT)v 7tdpd8oori ot)ve%iCei, 01 anapxei; TII? NeoeAATiviKfiq eivai r| Koiv^, r| \t
onoia Kai Ka0dpioe opiOTiKd TT) SOLIIKTI ^DOioyvcoiiia ir\q oi3y%povr|<; yAcoo-
oaq A

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H 5t|LiioDpyia tfj*; Ale^avSpivfj*; Koivfjq

Einaiie mo ndvco ncoc; OTT)V ap%ata EAAd8a, TT|V Kai TTJV npo- 7T
 115

OTOI%T|<; cpiAo- i, 8ev -ondpXEi EViala |a.opcpf| yAcoooaq, TI ISia yia OAO-UI; TOOX; '
, 8t|- Kai yia OAEC, Tiq nepiojceq Tfiq EAAdSoc,. To x«paKTt|pioTiKo vf\q ap%aiaq EA-
AT|viKf|(; yAcoooaq eivai TI ei)p£ia SiaAEKTiKi^ TT|<; SidonaoT), O^EIAOIXEVT) OE
ova (i£%pi oTV noAiTiKOKoivcoviKOi3<; Kai yecoypa^iKoui; Kupicoc; Aoyoix;, oncoq E^Tiyr^oaiiE. H
'ovoc, not) 8ev 8iaAEKTiKf| ^iccAioTa SidonaoT), |o,£ dAAr| |J.op(pf|, nepvdEi Kai OTOV xcopo Tf^q
ano (ispiKotic; AoyoTexviac, |j,e TTJ %pf\GT\V Aeyo^evcov «AoyoTexviKc6v 8iaAEKTcov». QOTO-
npOTi|j,6Tepo, oo, p,soa OTT| 8iaAEKTiKf| at)Tf| Sia^oponolriari TCOV EAAT^VCOV §EV eA£i\|/av Kai
poo8iopio|a,oi 01 avTiOETEC, ponEq npoq TT| STmioupyia evpuTEpcov SiaAEKTiKcov ojidScov JO.E
:r|v npaKTiKf) TCOV noAAanAcov Enijj.Epotx; Sia^opcov. 'ETOI STm.io'upyfiGTiKav
6ir|Ta, nepio- (i£v 01 SidcpopEC, Eni^copiEq KOIVE<; (yAcoooEq), oncoc t| KOVIKT) KOIVT) TT^q
riKfi nepioSo, 8co8£KanoA£CO<; (navicoviot)) OTT) M. Aota, T| ScopiKf/ KOIVT) OTT|V Tl£-
H\ £AAT|VIOTI- Aonovvrioo, T| aiTCokiKi) Koivrj TT^<; AiTcoAiKT^q o\)(j,noAiT£iac; Kai, npondvTcov, T|
360. KOIVT), acpETEpot) SE 01 tinEpiSicojaaTiKEq npdyjiaTi (EV a^Eoei npoQ Ta
cov opicov Tf|c, i8ic6|xaTa f^ SiaAEKTO-uq, TO |iT|TpiK6 iSicojia TOTJ ottyypacpEa, TOV TO-
6iaip£OT| TTJC, no o'oyypacpi!|(; T| napaoTdoscov TCOV £pycov -av EnpoKEiTo yia epyo- K.ATL) AO-
va yoT£%viK£i; KOIVEI;. TiaTi, oncoq TO EinajiE f\8r|, T| 8copiKT^ OTTIV onoia onvTdo-
.. (OTOUC; oovTav Ta %opiKd TCOV TpaycoSicov Kai TI EV ye"vei %op\Kf\) 8ev T^Tav T)
lETacpopd TTJC, eniTonia SidAeKTOc, Kdnoiaq ano lie, nepio^eq not) ^iiAotioav ScopiKd, aAAd
jaia t>nepToniKf| Kai -t>n' at)TT^ TT|V evvoia- DnepiSico^iaTiKTi KOIVT). 'ETOI 6|a,co<;
'/T|or| nou yia OAOI 01 'EAAT|ve<; ano8e%ovTav OTT|V npayjxaTiKOTT|Ta -yeyovoq not) OT||a.aivei
:KEI, cpaiveTai ncoq KaTaAdjiaivav iKavonoiT)TiKd KI EniKoivcovouoav |a,eaa ano at)Tf|v- TTJ
opiojiEvcov SiaA^KTCov coq KOIVCOV opydvcov EmKoivcoviaQ, npayjaa not)
D\'lGOt>|U,£ TTTV e TO ^enepaojia OTEVCOV yXcoooiKcov ToniKio|j,c6v Kai TT) pa0|j,iaia copl-
optac,. H AAE- (j,ao"T| Tfiq i5£a<; xpfioEcoc, jiiaq Koivf|<; EAAT|VIKTJ<; yAcoooaQ. Yno\|/f|(pi£c, yia
^vav TETOIO poAo navEAAfjviot) yAcoooiKoij opydvot) 9a T^Tav, (pt>oiKd,
a Ta ano Tiq SiaAEKTotx; noi) 8i£6£Tav au^TiiaEvo yoiiTpo cog Sieupu^Evoi -Aoyco
:6 Kai OTO AE- KaAAiEpyEiag TODQ- Kc68iKe<; f] Aoyco Tiiq noAiTiKTii;, KOIVCOVIKT^C,, OIKOVO(J,IKT)<;
^ETOCI ano TIC, f) noAiTioTiKf|i; t)n£poxf|(; TCOV cpopEcov not) lie, %pT|oijxonoiot)0av OTT| yAcoooi-
o TTJC, KOIVTIC,. Kr\; EniKoivcovia. Ta npooovTa auTd ottyKEVTpcovav 8i3o SIOCAEKTOI, ^ ico-
^ at>TCOV, OAO- r\d o\)yy£vf|q TT|<;) aTTiKf) 8idA£KToq. En6(iEvo f|Tav 01 KE-
/) |ie TO onoto (a.£K; yia TT)V Ka6i£pcooT| EVO<; navEAATjvtot) opydvot) yAcoooi-
arifiaoiEC, Tfjc, Kr\q £niKoivcovta<; va OTpacpoi3v OTI<; Stio at>TE<; SiaAEKTOtx;, ano Tiq onoiEi;
>Ei Kai yia Ta npoT^A0e TEAiKd T| naveAAf|via KoivT) TT^C, enox^i; TOTJ M. AAE^dvSpot).
IKEC, KaTaATV Ap^iKd TT| 0£OT| ff\q nav£AAf|via<; KOIVTIC, cpdvT|KE nco<; 0a KaTEAd(j,(3av£ T|
JGWTaKTlKEC, npcoijia -coi; yAcoooa Tot) ne^at) ypanToi3 Aoyot)- KaAAi£pyrm^vT| ICOVIKTI Sid-
iAAT|viKT^c;. Av AEKTO<;. H EUpUTEpT) npopoAT\, OTOV |0,lKpaOiaTlKO Kttl TOV napttKEljIEVO
q. TT|c, onotai; avaTOAiKO x&po, not) EKavE COOTS TO ovojia TCOV EAAT^VCOV OTOV aoiaTiKO %copo
:i r| Koivr^, r| va Tat)Tio0el (IE TO ovotia TCOV Icovcov (01 Il£po£<; TOtx; ovoixa^av Yauna, 01
yAcoo- Iv8oi Yavana Kai 01 Ioi)8aioi Javan, 6nco<; ^apTtipeiTai ano TO K£lp,Evo TT^<; n.
Aia0f)KT)(;), Kai TO yoT|Tpo not) an£KTT|O£ ax; yAcoooa Tot) nE^ou (AoyoT£%viKoi3
Kai EniOTT|noviKot>) Aoyov, \\.e Ta s"pya Toi3 HPOAOTOY (ano TTJ ScopiKi^ AAiKap-
vaooo), Tot) mnoKPATOYZ (an6 TTIV entoT|<; 8copiKf| Kco), TOD EAAANIKOY (and
TT|V a^aiKfi MuTiAi^vT]) K.d., e^ao^dAioav OTTJV icoviKfj TOTJ 5ot) n.X. ai. TO
npopd8io(ia va /pT|oi|a,£t)O£i co<; Kowf| yAcoooa TCOV EAAIIVCOV. Aoyoi IOTOPIKO-
TT)v npo- noAiTiKot (T| DnoTayfi TT^I; Icovtai; OTOtic. FlEpOEq acpEvoq Kai TO Ktipoc, not) an£-
116

KTT|oe avTi0£Tcoc, T| Tc6A,T| TCOV A0r|vc6v ano TOV T|yeTiKo tr\q po?io OTT|V ano-
Kpot>oT| TCOV Ilepocov Kai TTJV i8pi)or| Tf|c. A0T|vaiKf|c, Tiyeuoviac,) Kai rcoAm-
OTIKOI (r| aTtapdjuAXri avanmfy] TCOV A9r)vcov OTIC. Te%vec. Kai Ta ypdjj^aTa)
ecpepav Tiyv A0f|va OTO TtoXvtiKo Kai TCO^ITIOTIKO TcpooKfjvio TCOV Tco^ecov Tf|<;
EXMSoc; Toti 5ot> n.X. aicova. 'ETOI r\| 8idXeKToc. f)5ri ano TOV 5o aicova
va eTupdM-ETai OTTJ aw8i8r)or| TCOV EAA,f|vcov coq r) 8idXeKToc. no\> npo-
va anoTeXeosi «TT]V Koivr]v Tfji; °BAAd5og (p(ovr]v».
Oi lOTOpiKoi Tf^q KXaaiKf|<; EXXdSoQ TTepiypdcpow TTJ pay8ala e^eXi^ri TCOV
A6r|vc6v oe K-optap^o JtoXitiKo Kai 7iveti(j,aTiK6 KevTpo Tfiq EXXd5o<;. Ta (j,eyd-
ovofiaTa OTOV x«>po TI'IC, moA,iTiKf|<; Kai nve-u|^aTiKf|q KovioTpaq Tf|<; EXXd-
801; S(j,9avt^ovTai ocopeuTiKd KaTd TTJ SidpKeia TOTJ xp^oo-u amov aicovoq Tf|<;
TCOV A0T)vcov. Oi eKTi(if|o'ei<; icTopiKcov, cpiXooocpcov, 7toit|Tc6v, pr|T6pcov
avayvcopioT) TCOV A0T)vcov coq «TT\C, 'EhhaSog naiSevaiv»
(0o'UK'u8t8r|(; II, 41, 1), coc, «if]q 'EkkaSog... TO npvTavelov ao(piaq» OTO OTTOIO
otippeow 01 oocpiOTal ano 6fa\V EX?id8a (IIAOTCOVOC, Tlpcomyopaq 337D), co<;
«npv>iavelov fEkhd8og» (©eoTtojiTioi;), coq
'AOfjvai, Sainovwv niohiedpov)» (Illv8apoq), coc,
, ano8i86p,evo OTOV ©o-UKuSiSTi, FlaXaT. Av0. VII, 45) Kai coc, «ndvT(ov
dvva^ievcov Aeyeiv 77 naiSeveiv SiSdoKahov eiK6t(oq» (IooKpdTT|(; 15,
295). 'HTav, Xoiitov, eito^ievo Kai r\a evoc KevTpoi) ja,e TOOT) TioXiTiKf)
lj Kai TETOia Trveujj-aTiKfi aKTivofSoAia, E^Xeixj/ei p.dXioTa TiXeov oopapcov
, va KaTaoTei pa0(j,iata anoSeKTfi coc. T| J^OVTI KOIVT] yXcoooa. «Ajio
TOV 4o aicova -unapxei iSlcoc, yia TOV jre^o Xoyo (iia Kai \iovr\| y^coo-
oa, T) ArTiKrp Xeei e7iiypap,(a,aTiKd o DEBRYNNER (1954, 34).
Aev elvai, ojicoq, |j.6vo T) (pi^oXoyiKf| y^coooa, T) OTioia TOV 4o Tt.X. ai. (a,ovo-
o/eSov aTio TT|V aTTiKf) Koivf|. Oi iSiec, 01 enixcopieq 8idXeKToi, 01
e7tiOT||a.ec, 8T]X. y^coooeq TCOV 8ia90pcov KpaTcov-noXecov, apyilpw arco Ta (ieoa
TOTJ 4ot) Tt.X. at. -ak'ko'b aK6|4,T| vcopiTepa- va Se^ovTai TT)V STttSpaoT) TT^Q aT-
Kowf|q. Oi eniypacpec. TCOV %povcov a^Tcov, 8T||j,6oiec, eq, 8et-
cpavepd TT)V nopela am^c, Tf|<; ejtiSpaoecoc,: OK6pnia OToi/ela
TT]V ttTTlKf^ KOWf|, U0\> 7lt)KVc6vOt)V (J.E TT)V TldpoSo TO1J Kttl Tte-
pioooTepo, COOTE va ejicpavi^eTai OTK; eTiiypacpeq (iia |a.opcpfi y^coooaq
airo OToi^eta Tf|c, ETiixcopiaq Kai TT|<; aTTiKfji; K0ivf|c, yia va cp0doei
OTT|V TI^TIpTl ETtlKpaTTjOTl ff\C, ttTTlKT^t; KOWf|C, - KOIO. 7TeplO1^ Kttl
8idX,eKTO- ^ETa^v 2o\> Kai lot) TC.X. at. co<; TOD<;
aicoveq. XapaKtripioTiKT^ etvai TJ oTanoTiKfj ano erciypacpeq aTieiKovioT) Tf|q
eio%copf|oecoc, TT^C; aTTiKfj*; Koivfiq OTT)V icoviKf| 8idXeKTo not) jcape^ei o HAN-
DEL (De lingua communi in titulos ionicos irrepente, o. 67):
Se Ka0apc6i;
eTtiSpaoeic, i^q Koivfj yXcoooa

5oq ai. Jt.X. 0

4oc, at. TC.X. 44
3o<; ai. TC.X. 110
aito TOV 2o at. n.X. 174
 117

MepiKd jrapa5e(yLiaTa and TTJ SiaJieKTiKt^ 8ie(o8i)ori

>AO oTT|v ano-
am; d^.A,e<; 8iale'KTO'ug. 'H8r] TOV 5o jt.X. at. TiapaTTipedai ot)%vd r] %piiOTi TOIJ
C) KOI JtO?llTl-
ra aTT. a avTt TOD icov. r\\ (avTl OIKITJV), Kecoq (Te^t) SOD jc.X. at.). Xpf|or)
T^g aTT. SOT. oe -oiq avTl TT)<; icov. -otaz: EKyovoig (avTl SKyovoiai), Ep-uOpat
TOV 5o aicova M. Aoiag (ap%e<; 4o\> n.X. cxi.). Xpr\ar] TCOV npoGeoecov / 7tpoppT)LiaTiKc6v OTOV
KTog JCOD jcpo- i3no TOU<;, %cop(<; 8r)X. TTJV aTioKOrtt^ TTOD ^apaKTT|pi^ei Tig a%ai'Kei; 8ia-
;: avaypayai (avTi dv/pav^tti il cSv/pdi^aj), KaTay/acpiaOfj (avTi K-ar-
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118

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 119

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Aojuictx xapaKtripioTiKd tfj<; AXel;av§pivYj<; Koivfjq

Oi So|a,iKec, no\> xcxpaKTript^ow TTJ |j,eTdpaar| TI^C, ap^alaq eX-

OTT| cpdcrn Tf|<; AXe^avSpvvi5!!; Kowf|q Kai 81' ai>Tf|<; OTT) Ne-
, napaTTipo'DVTai oe 6Xa Ta Y^COOOIKCX eniTteSa. @a 8c6oo/u|j.e ecpe^i;
|j,ia neprypoccpfi TCOV |j.eTa|ioXc6v axiTcov KUTCX

E8co ot|jj,evc6vovTai 01 TUO eup-uTepa aio9r)Tei; |a,£TapoA,e<;. Aev imdcpxev m-

pioyft Tot) 0t)aTf||j,aToc. TCOV cpcovnevTcov f| TCOV 8icp06YY«>v f| TCOV oi)|j,cpc6vcov Kai
TCOV awacpcbv Totx; OTOi^evcov (TOVOv-npoocoSiai;), no\> va p,r)v e%ei \)7tooTei o\>-
mcoSeiq

q ^EKiv^oo\)(ie ano Ta cpcovt'ievTa. To ox>0Tr||a,a TCOV ^covrjevTcov if\c, ATTI-

OTOOX; K'kaaiKO'bq xpovouq i^Tav Sco8eica(j,e>.ec; 7tepieA,a(a.(iave 5 ppa%ea
7 p,aKpd ^covfj

Maicptx:

Me TTIV KaTdpYTiori Tf|<; npoocoSlac. (TTJI; 8iaKptoeco<; jiaKpcov Kai p

(pcovrievTCov), r| SiaKpioT) TCOV XeYOjievcov Si^povcov ^covtievTCOV (a, i, v)
OTT|V Trpocpopa, evco r) ypv.<pr\e 8f\Xcooe Tt| Siacpopd nooo-
122

toxx;. ExiyKeKpijieva, to otiotT|Lux TCOV SvcpGoyycov tf\q apxaiai; ejicpavt^e ETCI-

OT|<; \L£yakr\, acpoti diaKpivoviav oe fipaxvqxnvsq Kai naKpoqxovsg 8v-
(pGoYyoxx;, pdoei TOU TipoxaKtiKOTj cpcovi^evco^ totx;, Kai oe Suo oeipeq, pdoei
toi3 •UTtotaKTVKO'6 toxx; (pcovfievtoq (-i Kai -u). 'Htoi:

EEIPA -i
a) Bpaxxxpcoveq:

ui

ei 61 f|toi ei
Ol

P) MaKpocpcovei;:

ui

fjtoi

EEIPA -X)
a) Bpa^cpcoveq:

OU f|i;oi OX)

ax>

p) MaKp6(pcove<;:

ou COX)

ax)
 123

ejl{. H noiKiiUa TCOV SicpGdyycov at>Tcov u,eic69r|Ke u.e Sidcpopecj e^eM^eii;. KaT'
a- ocp%f|v, doecj and TIC; uaKpdcpcovei; 8icp0dyyot>c; 8ev efyav -unooTei ppd^woT) TOTJ
iq, pdoei npoTaKTiKou T0t)c; 9covf|evTocJ u,e Siacpdpotx; vdjaotx; (na^aiOTepoq ppa^WTi-
Koq vduoc; T0t> OSTHOFF, vedTepe<; Ppa%t>voeic; ir\q ATTIK^CJ- np. *mncoig > 'innoiq
- Kr\ito'opyia > kenovpyia) KaTe^rjcjav evce oe anA,d cpcavfjevTa |a,e oiyt|or| TOTJ
•onoTaKTiKo-6 cpcovnevTog i, ecpdoov ppiOKOTav OTO Tetax; nfc Jie^eax; (wi > a>,
at > a K.fot.) eire oe Ppa%t>cpcove<; SicpGdyyotx; u^Td TTJV KaTdpyr|or| Tf\c, npo-
ocoSlacj (oi > oi, Si > ei K.X,n.).
Ev8iacpepov ejicpavt^ei TI e^eXi^T] TCOV Ppaxv^covcov 8icp9dyycov at, si, oi, vi,
ov, av Kai ev. And amiq, TJ at (ai), nepvc&VTai; and TO u,eTapaTiKd OTdSio ae
<ae> (ie avoiKTOTept) npocpopd TOIJ -unoTaKTiKoi;) ^covfjevTot;, COOTC va nA,ri0id-
£ei KaTd Tpdno ap9pcooecoi; npoq TO a, uovocp9oyyio9r|Ke ev ox)ve%eia oe f, yia
va KocTaXi^ei, jxeTd TTJV anc6A,eia T1^<; npoocoSiaq, oe e. 'HTOI: ai > ae > f > e.
npc6i)j,a u,ovocp9oyy(o9TiKav (yiaTi Ta ot)OTaTiKd TODC; ^covfjevTa nA,Tioia-
^av KaTd Tpdno ap9pa>oea><;) oi 8i99oyyoi ei (ei) Kai ov (ou). EiSiKOTepa r\i
(si) (siSoq, T£i%og) r\§v] and TOV 5o n.X. at. uovoq>9oyyio9T]Ke oe e Kai
oe eTOi |a,e TT] v69o Sup9oyyo e (si^i-noiens). Ee (lepiKei; |ad/UoTa
r) BoicoTiKf| Kai r) Apyeia, TO u,ovocp9oyyiO)ievo e npo^coprioe oe aKdur|
dp0pcoor) Kai icoTaKioTT|Ke (e -> i' np. oupaipioOai avTi a<pai-
psiadai, 'ApimoyiTovog K.Xn.), npdyja,a not) OTTJV aTTiKf| Sid^eKTO dp%ioe
va TtapaTtipeiTai JJ.OVQ and TO 300 n.X. Kai u.e jieydA-T) oti/voTTiTa and TO 100

noknrjq, nsimo) avTi nim:(o, a^Xd Kai iq avTi siq, fyeiv avTi fi/j.lv) |j,apTt)pei-
Tai and eniypacpeq Kai nantipotx;.
O(j,oico<; T] SicpOoyyoc; ou (ou) |j,ovocp9oyyio9t|Ke oe o Kai oweneoe (ie TTIV
avTiOToi%r| vdGo 8i99oyyo o (mvq - 8r\ko\)is) noA,t) npcoijia, i^8T| TOV 60 n.X. at.
(OTTJV KdpivGo and TOV 7o n.X. ai. ypdcpetai YIOY not) oruaaivei OTI r) yvfjoia
8icp9oyyoi; e%ei ot>u,neoei OTTIV npo^opd |j,e TT) vd9o Kai %pr\ai\ionoi£hai r\| OY Kai yia TK; 8i3

'ETOI, OTO ot>OTr||j,a TCOV |j,aKpc6v (pcovrjevTcov TI^ E'k'k^viKriq TO Kevd and Tt)v
Tpon-n TOIJ u oe u enXf|pcooe TO u not) npofjMte and TO o. 'HTOI ou > o > u, dncoq
Kai ei > e > I
ETa9epdTepe<; and TI<; 8icp9dyyot)<; i^Tav and rp owOeofi TOtx; (|j,e ^covrie-
VTiKd 8r\k. oTOi%eia apGpcoTiKcoq ano^aKpt)O|a.eva) oi 8i(p0oyyoi ai Kai oi. H
e^eXi^T) TfjCj ai OTOV |iovocp0oyyiou,d aKoXot)0r|oe Ta etfyq OTdSia: ai -» ae ->
f -> e. ETTIV ap^il 8t]A,. TO -unoTaKTiKd OToi^eio -i ir\q SicpOdyyoi) nlriotaoe ap-
0pcoTiKd TO npoTaKTiKd ^covfjev a-, |a,eTap?Lr|0ev oe -e. AKO^ot>0r|oe o ^ovo-
cp9oyyio|a,d(; TCOV 8t>o ^Gdyycov oe evav, Keiuevo ap0pcoTiKc6<; ^leTacjt) To-6 a Kai
Tot) e, §r\k. TO cpcovf|ev f, not) u,eTd TT)V ancoleia Tf|<; npoocoSiaq KaTeA,r)^e oe
anXd e. Qq npoq TOV %pdvo TCOV ja,eTapo?ic6v atiTcov, and eniypacpiKe<; jiapTtipiec;
Toi3 Ti3not) Asaxp(ov8aq (BoicoTiKf|), 'AOavasa (Kopiv0iaKf|) Tot) 5ot> n.X. at.,
owdyeTai OTI oe opia^eve^ TotiXd/ioTov Sia^eKTOix; T| apGpcoTiKi^ npooeyyi-
OT| vn^p^e apKeTd npc6i(XT). To 1810 nioTonoiow Kai napri^^ayfieveq ypacpec;
Tf|Cj ai cocj aie and eniypacpei; ir\q Zdu,ot) (np. rate = Kai, 'Ehaisav - 'Ekaiav)
Tot) 5ot) Kai 4ot> n.X. ai. Kai and poicoTiKeCj Toti 3ot> n.X. ai. (avaispei = avai-
124

pei). ZTT) Boicotta, p,eTd TT|V eioaycoyTi TOIJ ICOVIKOIJ aX(paBT\Tox>, ypdcpow TOV
4o Tt.X. at. r\i ai (%r\ps. = #aipe, 77! = aiFei), Ttpdyjia TCOD |j,apT\Jpei 1^811 TO-
te TT|v TpoTcf) TOTJ ae oe f (TI). Tpacpeq oTtcoi; 0ei/3efog (= ©Tipaiog), nov aica-
VTOVV apYOTepa GTT|V I8ia 8idA,eKTO, 8ei%vox>v TCCOI; OTT) 8idA£KTo amf), avTi-
9eTa Ttpo<; O,TI oweBT) |ie nc, a'k'keq, GT||4,eua0T|Ke ei;eA.i^T| rcpoq
Ttpocpopd e TOI) f (eue icpoep^oTav arco 77 evte arco ai), 71' at)TO Kai
|j,e ei. 'HSri arco TO 150 n.X. OTTJV aiyurcTiaKfi E?iA,r|viKf| Kai oe SiaXeKTOtii; ii\q
M. Aolac; o\)y%eovTai Ta ai Kai e (Khee = Kkaie, jSai'verai = paivere), Tcpdy)a,a
TCOD OTTIV aTTiKf| 8id^.eKTO ot)|iBaivei \iokiq TOV 2o p-.X. ai.
H 8i(p0oyyo<; 01 ei^e T-pv nio TCOAAJTCAOKT) e^e^i^T) aico rc^e'updt; (J.eTaBaTiK(ov
OTaSicov e^eH^ecoq: oi->oe-> 5 -»G -* ti -> i. Kai at>Tf|, drccoq TI ai, KaT' ap^dq
e|j,(pavi^ei Tcpooeyyiori tf|<; rcpo^opdi; TOW OToi^elcov TTIQ jie TT|v avoiKTOTepT)
rcpocpopd TOTJ i oe e. Ev owe^ela jiovo^OoYyiC81011 oe evav KevTpiico (iaKpo
cp06yyo p,eTa^i3 o Kai e, OTO <p<Bvf|ev 6. O ^Ooyyoq avTOi; ylveTai K?ieiOTOTepo<;
(ii) Kai, TeXiKd, TCpooGiouTai (icoTaKi^eTai) oe i. XpoviKcoq TI e^eA,i^f| ir\c, Bat-
vei TcapaXA,f|Xcoq icpo<; Tt|v e^e?ii^Ti Tii<; ai. Tov 5o Tt.X. ai. ylveTai OTTJ BOICOTI-
Kfi oe (Koepavoq = Koipavo/;, FheKaSa^oe - 'AKaSrj^oi, TomKf| TtTcbori). nepvco-
VTaq, ev owexela, ano TTIV eniypa^iKd ajidpTupT) aA,M cpcovoXoyiKd aTtapat-
TTITTI ev8idp,eoT| Ba0|ii8a o, cpTdvei OTT|V ISia 8idA,eKTo evav aicova apyoTepa
(TO 250 Tt.X.) -Aoya) aKpiBcoq TTI<; |ieooA«Bf|oe(o<; if\c, ev8id[j,eoT|(; at)Tf|i; Ba9-
|i,i8a<;- OTOV (pOoyyoii (TtB. BOICOT. FVKICC - FoiKia, Sa^iv - STJJUOI, TOTC.). Aito Tovq
3o Kai 2o Tt.X. ai. yeviKeveTai T) o-uyx-ooT) iJ.eTa^v 01 Kai v OTK; eTtiypa(piKeq
Kai TtaTtupiKeq (a.apT'opieq (XupiAog = Xoipikog, KpT|TT|- avayco - avoijco, Atyu-
TtTo<;' oielcoi - vi&i, am.' avv rug vyvq TI^LCOV Ke Teg adekcpeg - avv loiq vioig
fljj.(ov Kai Taig adehcpaiq, TcdTt.). H o-oy^-uoT) OTT) ypa(pf| |o,eTa^T3 01 Kai v, nov
owe%i^eTai KaTd TOVX; Bu^avTivoxx; xpovouq (ie/pi TOV lOo Tt.X. ai. (TtB. v = oi,
Ttoikri - TtvAri, vKia = oiKia K.X,Tt.), (pavepcovei Ttroq r\d TOIJ (pOoyyot) ii
8if|pKeoe TtoXXotx; aicoveq, TcpoToxt iwTaKioTel Ka0o?iiKd TUV lOo ai., onoTe TI
ovyxvoT) OTT] ypacpf| yeviKeveTai oe o^oui; TOIII; icoTaKio^evoxii; cpOoyyoxx; (i,
77, v, EI, oi).
AvTiGeTa itpoc; TT) Sup0oyyo vi -TI oitola aTCOTeXoi3oe «aoTa9f| 8icp0oyyo»
(iia Kai Ta OToi%eia TTiq BpiOKOVTav nokb KOVTd ap9pcoTiK(6<; (iii), yeyovoq TCOD
o8f)yTioe Kai OTOV rcpcoifxo (npo TOD 400 Tt.X.) |j,ovo(p9oyyiO|a,6 tTiq oe v-, oi 81-
90oyyoi av Kai ev 6%i jiovo 5ev
OTTJV N. EAAr|viKTi coq owS-uaojiot cpoovfievTo^ Kai ot)|a.(pc6vot> (avTi
av-nv/ af (avkfj - avTdq), ev - ev / ef (Evp(6nrj - evTV%ia). Ao0evTO<; OTI T) Ttpo-
(popd TCOV au Kai ev f|Tav ap^iKd 8icp9oyyiKf| (au = au, ev = eu), n\a
e^eXi^T) TOTJ •UTtoTaKTiKO'6 (pcovf|evT6q TOUC; oe ouiicpcovo TtpeTtei va SietncoAAiv-
9T)Ke aTto TTI oi)[i,<pa)viKf| TtXeupd (v) TOIJ TUii^covo-u v (u). TOIJTO OTi(i,aivei Ttcoq
oi 8lq>9oyyoi au Kai ev Ttpdna e^eWx0TiKav oe /av/ Kai /ev/ avTioTot%co<; (ypa-
(peq 6na>c, evSo^iov avTi e/35o/jov OTTJ BoicoTia OTU Te^T] TOV 3oti Tt.X. ai. Kai
pavSovq avti paftdovq ano aiyuTtTiaKovi; Tcaifupoxx; TOTJ 20V) Tt.X. ai. ja,apTi)-
pow TT|V Tcpc6i[ir| e(J-9dvioTi Tf|<; p,eTaBoA,f|(;), ev owe^eta 8e oe /af/ Kai /ef/ oe
(pcovr|TiKd TtepiBdXXovTa OTCO-U TO v BpioKOTav Ttpo afixoi) ot>|j,(pK>vot):
vavxiKoq - evKaipia,
 171

tov mp8ivd?iio TO napd8eiy^ia»l\, yia tr|v TcepiTe^vn 8ri|a,oTiKf| OTI<; 8i8a-

i. linguam cum %eq TOU MrividTT) 0a ypd\|/ei o n. KoSptrac; (o doirovSoq e^Opoq Tot> Kopaf))
:t aliorum toto OTI «TT]v an^ovaraTriv 8ri^,oTiKT]v SidheKTOv eig TTJV Srftioa6evewv avvii/a>-
ebus hanc nos- aev £V(ppd8eiav»a. H cptioioyvcoiLia Koa TI Ttpoo^opd OTT) yX.(6ooa TCOV STJO
uris per manus iepco|a.evcov a^ioXoyeiTav ano TOV A. BepvapSaKT) co<; otifxavTiKOTepri KCU
m regulis certis aDTf|<; TO-6 Kopaf) (!) cxK6|a.Ti, acpoij a^Tol, KaTd TOV BepvapSaKt], elvai eKeivoi
no\) ocTteTeXeoav TO TtpOTWio: «Aa^inpd Kai ^.ovadiKT] e^aipsaig rov Kavovoq
JC OKOTtOTJC; TOTJ
TOVTOV [evv. TT| owTripTiTiKfi vooTpojcia TCOV iepOKT)pTjKcov] vnfjp^ev 6
Kdvco ZaKvvdwg Mr/vidTrig- dAA' ov§eig Karopdcooe vd nKe£,T] TTJV KOIVTJV (ppdaiv
TOV kaov jj.e TOOTIV TS%VIIV Kai dpfj,oviav, Kai v' avvy/coat] amiiv eiq dhrjdeg
arjoow prftopiKdv v\i/og oaov 6 Kprjg ZKOv<pog. 'Qq naTrjp Tfjg veoehhriviKfig yk(bo-
;i o Zocpiavoc;: arjg decopeimi Koiv&q 6 Kopafiq, akX,' dSiKcog, 81611 6 ypanmq Xoyoq TOV
a va ao(pov avSpoq ovSev aAAo KUT' ovaiav eive si/ir] anop,i[irioiq ir\q S^oiiKfiq
yhcbaarig, Kad' 6V TVJTOV sScoKav eig avrrjv Kai nokhoi /j,ev aAloj and xf\q
:£ivov ysvoq». akcbasmq Kai efpeg'fjq dva<pavevTeg koywi Ekkr\veq, [idkiaTa 8s ndvTcov oi
•.oyla ajiooTta- Kai ZKOT3cpo<;]» (A. Bepvap5dKTi<; 1884, o. 443).
oe ajtA.fi y?ic6o- 7. H evvoia TOTJ yTicoooiKoti Qc\tf\\La.ioq, OTtcoq ^avtiKe fjSii, 7cpot>7io0eTei owei-
\i TOTJ: 0eoen; ujtep ai)Tf|q f) eKeivrn; if\q Liopcpfi<; Tf|<; yA,coooa<; acpevoi;
sricrr/ TOV voC , a(a,cpiopf|TTioTi yXcoooiKf] a^eTepot), Kai (xd^ioTa pr)Tf| Kai
AcSrrav <5ra va vf\. TeToioq avTO,oyo<; OTT) yA,coooiKf) aTdot] TCOV SiacpcoTioTcov, no\>
d va oav f) eypa\|/av OTT)V Koivf] y^coooa, tiTifip^e ano TOV 8iajipe\|/avTa OTTJ ATJOT)
(repjiavla, AyyMa) Aapioato A,6yio AXe^avSpo EM,d8io (Lieoa 17ot)-ap%e(;
cov, o ISov). O EM,d8io<; ejiiKpivei TT] yXcoooiKfi OTdor) Xoytcov, on&q o Aydjcioq
-ep. 1657). Fia Adv8o<;, o Md^iLioi; o Ka'k'kino'khT]^, o MaT0ato<; KijaKaq, o Ar|Lif|Tpio<;
ro tat ene&v- Zfjvcov, o Zepa9eiLi o MuTiXTivatoi; K.d., oi OTCOIOI «[...] SKoniaaav va \isxa-
(ppdaovv arri yhcooaa nov yvcopi^av and ng cpaaKieg rovg avyypacpeiq nov
tov 1810 aicova ei%av ypdyei as Xoywisprj yhcoaaa, /j.s TTJV nsnoidrjar] cm Qa n^Qovv ano
yXcoaoa avTi Tovg av/j.natpia>Teg Tovg, yiari ia%a Qa ei%av npoatpepei /j.eydkri vnripeoia
evcov SiSaom- CTTO ysvoq. H yhwaoa o^cag avrf eivai xoao a^w9pijvrirri Kai npoKatei /j.eyd-
i; (1669-1714)'°.
jiepT] ytaoaaa, 8. ETO 7cA,aiaio evoq 0eo^oyiKoi3 yXcoaoiKoai 8ia(£COTictloi3 (o
cocjtrav, eniOv- TpiavTa9t)?L?ii8T|i; e/ei JipcoToq \iiM\aei yia «0pTioKE'UTiK6 8T)(j,oTiKia|j,6»15), ^ie
Kcd evapeTcov TT|V evvoia OTI oi TtpcoTaycoviOTei; eivai eKKXt|oiaoTiKd Tcpoocorca, anAm fj
:ei yia TIT, 8o|j,f| avcoTepoi iepco|a.evoi, a^iepcotieva OTTJV TcaiSevoT) TOTJ Tevo-og, TO yA,coooiK6
'(jov ndkiv Sid ^f)TT|na Ttaipvei, jieoa aiio evToveq Kai e^eiSiKeujieve^ OTO 0efia Tf|<; yXcoooaq
(j] ano keqaiq, avTi7iapa0eoei<;, TT) jJ.opcpfi Lie TT|V ojcoia eivai eupiJTepa yvcooTO OTouq veo-
o/.haig (popaig Tepouq %p6vo\)q. AUTO ylveTai OTa Lieoa TOU 18ot> aicova16. To 1759
'. SirjyridG) rj /j.e eTai eva 0eoXoyiKO pi(3A,io TOTJ Xiou lepoiiovd/ot) TiLioOeou
\KTfV [eVV. TT1V Lie eiaaycoyn onou aoKeiTai evTovr) KpiTiKf) Tf|<; ap%aitot)oa<; yA,coooaq
0 eig rovro va (EXXr)viKf|<;) unep TT)<; Koivfiq17. To 1810 eToq Ki)KXo(popeiT$w> Kai TO
Hovg ayio)v, rj KO epyo TOTJ BiKEVTiou AatioSoTJ f) AaiicoSoTj (1700-1752), TO TipcoTO
iiepa e;uoTr|LioviK6 KeiLievo TIOTJ eivai oTJVTeGeiiievo OTT|V Koivf) yXcoaoa18.
Ka9opioTiKo OLICOI; yia TTJV e^eXi^r) TOIJ y>,coooiKOTj cpatveTai OTI Tjjcf|p^e TO
wv epyo Liiaq jipoaconiKOTriTaq TOTJ veoeHriviKoij 8iacpcoTioja,OTj, yvcooTi^i; yia TT)V
 172

e7ti5paor| Tioi) doKt|oe oe dXlouc; SiarcpeTieii; 8iacpcoTioTe<; Kai OTOV Pf|ya!9.

ripoKevtai yia TOY iepo8idKovo Icoor|7to MoioioSaKa (Ttep. 1725-1800) Kai yia
TTI LieTdcppaori Tioi) eJ;eji6vr|oe ano TOC PcaXiKd tov SITOLIOX) cpiXooocpiKoti
epyot) TOD Aoi)8opiKot> Mot>paT6pi «H9iicn <piXooocpia» (BeveTia 1761). H
yA,coooa Kai, nepioooTepo, 01 ylcoooiKei; Geoeic; TCOV epycov atiTcov tmep TT|<;
KoivfiQ yXcoooaq (OTTOIO 7tepie%oLievo KI av Sivow aKOLit| oe am^v) TCOV ouy- : «
ypacpecov TOIX;, ano TT|V tipeLir] 6eor| TOTJ AaLioSou20 Lie/pi TT] LiaCTTiKi^ TOU
KOpUXKOTtO'OXO'U21 Kai TTI OTO%aOTlKf| Kai TeKLlTlplCOLieVT] GeOT) TOl3 MOIOIO-
5aKa22, 8(vow acpopLii^ oe |iia avTiGeTT) tmepaorciOTiKfi Geot) («yXcoooa|j,WTO-
piKfj», Ga Tt|v anoKaleooDV apyoTepa) TTJI; E^A,r]viKf|<;, xr\q apxa't^o'uoa<; §r\k. ~*
y^coooaq, SiaT'OTrcoLievr) Lie o^t>TT|Ta an6 TOV LieydXo 8i5doKa^o TOIJ Fevotx;,
OTa GeLiaTa TI^<; ^i^ooo^iaq, TOV Evyevio BotiAyapi (1716-1806).
9. H KpiTiKfj -Kai o acpopiOLi6<; Lia^l- ano TOV Enyevio Boi3Ayapi TCOV Geoecov
TIOD imooTf|pi^av TT| xpi^ori tr\q Koivf|c; y^coooai; oe eDpiiTepri KliLiaKa, Kai
Kai OTOV eTcioTrjLioviKO ^oyo (TT)<; cpilooocptai;, TTJI; priTOpiK^q, TT|<;
.), etvai, ^oyco Kai TOTJ KTJpoxn; TOTJ av8po<;, T| npcoTT] o^ela aTio-
eviKet»orii;/87iioriLio7toirior|(; Tf|<; Koivfiq yA,c6ooai; (TT|<; npocpo-
Kai aKa?iA,iepyr|Tr|<; aKOLiT] yXcoooaq oe LiopcpeQ ejtiKoivcovta<;,
o eirioTT|LioviK6<; ^oyoq KaGc6<; Kai o 7iai8e\)TiK6<; Kai eK7taiSeimKo<;
), T)repcoTTipapwouoa avTiSpaot) Kai, vno TTJV evvoia auTi^, T| Kate^o-
%f\v acpeTT|pia T0t> y^coooiKoiJ ^riTt^LiaTOi;. AX^cooTe Kai r\a yXcoooi-
KO ^f\xr\}ia1 evco co<; evvoia Kai co<; rcepie^oLievo eivai -oncoi; e%o\>\i£ Set^ei-
7ioM> TtaJtia, co? 6po<; eivai veoTepoq, TOI) 19ot) aicova, 7rXao|a,evo<; Lie oweip- ufl
|a,iKe<; avacpope? OTO 7tepicpr|Lio «avaTO^,iKO ^f|TTiLia», nov anaayp'kei TTJV
Et)pco7iaiKf| TioJtiTiKfi evepyco? TovXaxiOTOv arco TOV 18o aicova.
Tr]v arcoSoKiLiaota TOTJ yXcoooiKoiJ %i)8aioLioiJ Kai, ei5mkepa, to\> «%u-
SaiOTi 9iXooocpe(v» TT| SiaTurccovei TO 1768 OTTIV 7tepicpr|Lir| «AoyiKf|» TOU,
ypaLiLievt] apxociOTi OTTJ Ai\|/la. Tpd^ei: «TIp6 TtdvTcov Toiyapovv /ar] KOfj.i8rj
%evov ovTa Kai adafj TOV "E^rfvoq Adyou TJKSIV a^iw TOV (pihoao<pr]aavT;a,
dAA' IK TTfe jpa^aiiKfiq (iJToi rfjg ap%aiaq) Kai Tfjg a^rig syKVKkiov raiv '• '.(M
/j.a6ri/j,dT(ov tpif}fjg iKavoJg avyKeKpoTrjfisvov... Tolq yap ev v(pei %v8aia)
napevvfpaa^isvoiq eyKo/iovfisvoi (pihoaoyiKoig kefySioig, amov novovov%i
TOV Tfjg yvcbascoq vyovg Tfj srecpaA^ yaveiv eoiKaai Kai (piXoaotpovvTeq dein
anaiSevTwg avoriTaivovai veaviKwq. 'EKavpiKTeov apa ia %v8aiaTi cpiho- a -Jr
oocpeiv enayyekko/j.eva Pifikiapia, vr\q 'Ekkddoq (pcovfjg a>q owv TS em^ie-
q, i\ ovSev TCOV nd^ai xscpihoaotpriKOTCOV SOTIV anovaaBai».
1 0. O IcooTiitoq MoioioSa^, Lie oejiaoLio itpoi; TOV (8doKaX6 TO-O dA,^,cooTe, yia EKI
Myo SidoTtiLia) Evyevio BotiAyapi, TOV onoiov Kai %apaKTT|pi^ei evSo^o, 9T|Lii- vvv.
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npajiiaimv, oi'Tiveg r\aav iv %pijaei napa Tolq ap%aioiq, Kai neOapfio^cov
qei TO ajthovv vcpog eni TO ae^ivoTspov r\ ekd%iaTov em TO npenwdeaTe-
pov TT] ava %elpaq npayfiaTevofj.evt] vhr]». 2) Adyoi npOTijuiioeax; Tf|<; Koivr^q
y^coooaq: «Tpeig eivai oiKojoi KVpiaq vno TCOV onoiwv npoa%6eig npoeKpi-
va TO anXovv vcpog anb TOV e/i/lr]viKOV. 'O np&xoc, /usv eivai, Sion 77 aa(pij-
veia, oaaKig Ta npdynaTa eKTiQevTai dn^oiKcoi;, npoa^anftdvei enhaoiv, 6
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teKoq, 611 Kai oi "E^Hrjveg avmi vd ypdcpcoaiv ehe nepi T&V imoTrmmv ehe
Kai nepi npajiimcov ahhoov ev TTJ TeTpip.jj.evij, ev TTJ KOIVTJ SiaheKTO) ammv.
"EKaaTog yiyvcboKei, nwq ndvTa TO, "EOvrj tr\q Evpmnrj/;, ypdcpovaiv ev TO>
vvv, eKaoTov ev rr? idia^ovai] 8iaheKT(p avTov, TOOOV nepi T&V eniaTrj/j.mv,
oaov nepi ndarjt; etepaq vKr\c, tf\q nokvp.aOeiaq dn/i6>q». 3) Tia TOV EDyevio
BoDAyapi: «'O/neyag dvrjp, dvri vd SKavpi^T], axpeike vd ovaTrjai] liaK'kov TO
ankovv v(pog fi/j.cov, npooSwpi^wv am& mix; opovg, Kata mix; onoiovg
eivai pvO^iaTeov, ov%i Se iva eK(pavhicnj avTo [...] "OTav TO dnkovv vq>og
eivai Kadapov anb %ev(ov eiTe ke^eatv, eire (ppdaecov, eivai e/j.(pavnKov
6no)o8r]noTe, Kai iKavov vd eKQeai] naaav vhriv enioTrmoviKriv, Sid n vd
174

SKavpiKTeo;
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Tai yia TcpcoTT) (popd KaGapd Lie TTJ Liopq>f| Trig avTuiapaGecrig >.6yia<;- luxpa
ap%ai'^ODoac; Kai CMrA,o'6GTepr|<;-KOivf|<; yXcaaoag. tioTooo, Tipercei va orjLieuo-
Gel e^ap%ii<; 6Ti TO 7tepie%OLievo ff\q JieyoLievrig Koivfy;, 6nu>q ypdcpeToa ano
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oaq. Ev ndoT| 8e TtepiTtTcooei, 8ev TaDTi^eTai Ka06Xov> Lie O,TI LieTeiteiTa -Kai
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vo Ti^q leyoLievrn; Koivfji; elvai pe^OTO Kai aiupi^eyoLievo Lie^pi TK; Te^et>Ta(- cn>\T.-
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vr| TipocpopiKfj y^coooa Lieya?Lt)Tepo)V no/^ecov, i8ico<;
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NiKr)(p6poq GeoTOKtiq (1731-1800) a::6 Tt|v aXXt). O TtpcoToq, X)7tooTTipiKTfi<; Tf|<;
ai Ttpo^opiKOTepriq Liop^fic; tf\q y?Lc6ooa<;' o 8e-UTepoq, TT)<; ?ioyio-
Liopcpf|i;, not) f|8r) anoTe^ei, OTICO<; einaLie, SelyLia Liiaq Liopcpr^ KaGa-

O Ar|Lir)Tpio<; KaTapT^q (TO TtpayLiaTiKo TOD ovoiia ifaav ArnaiiTpioq Oco-

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aTavTivotmoXiTT|<; not) eSpaoe Kai avaSet^GriKe OTT) BXa%ta, aneTe^eoe
or|Lieio ava^opd*; yia TK; yA,coooiKe<; iStcoi; an6\\t£\q TOX> ano Gvyxpovovq Kai
veoTepovx; TOX> (TOV IcooriTto MoioioSaKa, TOV navayicoTT) Ko5piKd, TOD<;
rpriyopio KcovoTavTd Kai Aavir^ <E>i^i7t7il8Ti, TOV AGavdoio XpioTono'uXo, TOV
Pi^ya Be^evoTiv^ii K.d.). 'O\|/iLia, jieTd Ta itevf|VTa TOD %povia, o
TO oviyypacpiKo TOD epyo, ovoiaoTiKd TO 1783, (ie eva
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Kai jpdtpsx', e%si aid Aoyoypa^im 7775 TT) neka>8ia, Kai ara noi-
Trig pvO/^o, Kai TO ndQoq, Kai TTJV nsiQw ma pr/TopiKa iriq. "On
fivai oav rr/v e^riviKT], Kma ndvTa ra/U'rep' an' 6/iaig Tali;
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sivai yeviKi] Kai oAuc?] dywyi] TOV sQvovq». Ze (iia Si' a\A,t|Xoypa(pia<; yA,(oo-
OIKT^ avTiJtapdGeor^ TOD Lie TOV apxaiOTfj SiSdoKa^o AdLijrpo OcoTidSr), 5t|Lio-
oieDLievri yia TT|V iSiaiTepr) or]Liaoia tv\q ano TOV (ap^aiOTf) yXcoooiKd) Lieyd-
8i8doKaA,o TOD TevoDi; Neo^DTO AoDKa (rcep. 1762-1845)25, o
DTtoaTTipt^ei LieTa^D dXXcov: «'EneiSf} [...] ei%a av^ftov^evoei TO edvog
OT' sivai avdyKt] vd avyYpdii/ovfie Tqq em<7Tri/j.aig Kai Te%vaig
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 175

va icd/uco TO 'E^/irjviKO [evv. TO as apxcd'&vaa jKwoca

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l^aTio^idv Tf]g 'EdviKfjg AiahsKTov enpoaSicopiae TO v(pog, onov <bg toivdv
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176

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6ea}pov/j.ev va fjTav TO xahai eiq rr/v aK/j,riv rf\q 'Ekhddog rj TGJV Pa>naia>v
Kai and oaa fihenoiiev va eivai Tcopa eiq TT?V Evp(bnr\v, r\ m edvoq /J,ag,
avvayetai on, av deh(0/j.ev va npoKomca^ev eic, Tag eniaTrj^iag Kai eiq oAa
Kad' £vaq Ka'k'kitepa Kai evKohcoTepa, npenei va KaTayivcb/j.eda eiq TTJV
npOKonr]v, onoii TO npoq'evei TOVTO dav^iaoicoTaTa [...]»28. OrcaSoc, TTI<;
A(6ooa(;», TTI<; a7tAoi3cTepr|<; npo^opvKfn; yAcoooai; (do^eTa npoc,
TOV KaTapT^f| Kav nepvoooTepo ano Kdrcoia eTiiSpaar) ETtdvco TOU TTiq yAcoo-
ovKfiq «avTvAoyvcoTaTiKf|q» 8v5aoKaAvaq TOTJ Kopaf|), xi7if|p^e o Aoyvog 5va-
cpa>TV0Tf|c, Kav o^oAdp^rn; vr\q KanAavava<; £%oAf|c, TCOV Icoavvvvcov AOavdovoq
^aAvSai; (1764-1829). YnooTfipv^e TTJ %p"f\m] TI^C; arcAoiJOTepric, yAcoaoai; Kav
Jtpo%c6pTioe (idAvoTa, rcpvv Kav ano TOV BtiAapd, OTT)V TOAivripfi TipoTaor) TT^<;
KaTdpyriOTn; TT^C, VOTOPVKI^I; opGoypacpvaq29.
14. EvnaLie f|8r| OTV TO dAAo dKpo Tr|<; Kovvfiq (Tipoq TT) ivepvd TT^C. AeyoLvevrn;
EAAr)WKf|(;, Tr)<; TtepvoooTepo f| AvyoTepo ap%diCpv>oaq yAcoooaq) KaTaAaivpd-
vev o NvKTicpopoc. OeotoKriq. O QEOTOKTII;, eva<; Lvop^coiievoi; Kav npovKvovvevot;
aycovvoTf|i; KAr)pvKO(; TOTJ Sva^coTvojiovj, evvav TJ TtpoeKTaat) i^\q yAcooovKfiq
TtpoondGevai; TOX> OpayKtoKou EKovicpot) Kav, vSvcoq, TOD HAla MtiwdTT). Me Ta
or|Lvepvvd KpvTfipva, svvav Ki3pvo<; eKcppa0Tf|i; Kav SvaivopcpcoTfic, Tfiq KaGapet)-
, oncoq TOV ^epODLie OTOV aycova TIOD aKOAoDGrioe (TOV 19o avcova). 5/ta
TOD Keviveva vvdAvota, Ta TiaAavotepa, ppvoKETav noAD KOVTd OTODC,
§DO ava^epGevTei; vepcotvevoDt;, £nior\c,, SvSaaKdAoDC30. Me TOV Kavpo Kav ive
ODvevSriTf) npoondGeva va evepyoTtovi^oev OTa GeoAoyvKd TOD Keliveva Kav va
Ttpoaydyev (KaGapl^ovTaq TTJV ano ap^at^ovTa OTOv/eva) TT|V eKKATjovaoTVKi^
Kovvf| yAcoooa Tfiq eno%f|i; TOD, o ©EOTOKTIC, avaSevKvueTav oe upoTDiro /pf|-
aecoq ir\q Aoyvaq Kownq ypacpoivevriq yAcoooac,. O ZaGat; eKTVjid co<; e^f\q TTJ
yXtooovKf| OTdoT) Kav 7rpoo(popd TOD ©COTOKTI: «'O ^eyaq ovwq avrjp,
cvvevcov Tfj Te aAArj jtohv/j.adeiq Kai ftadeiav yv&aiv Tfjq Te apxaiaq Kai
Tfjq vecoTepaq TCOV 'E^rjvcov SiakeKTOv, Kahwg 8' evvoriaaq Kai TOV npoopi-
a/iov T?iq eOviKfjq ykcbaoriq, npoaend9rioe Kai Gav^iaaicoq eneTvxev, i'va
TTiv and TOJV jiapftapio^mv, Kai afliaoTCoq npooEj'yiojj eiq TTJV
diavyf] nr\ji]v. Aw SiKaicoq SvvaTai vd 6ea>pr]8ri &q 6 /J.6voq [topqxoTriq Tfjg
arjfiepov jpa<pojJL£vr]q Kai vno navTcov evvoovjj.evrig Koivfjg fjnatv Sia-

15. n60o peDOTi^ Kav aivcpvAeyoLvevn evvav TOV 18o Kav TOV 19o avcova T) evvova
, Kovvf|q yAcoooaq ^avveTav, LveTa^D TtoAAcov dAAcov32, ajco TT)V eKTevi^i ajro-
Ttevpa TOD navay. Ko5pvKd va optoev TO nepve/OLievo TTiq (OTT)V npooTtdGevd
TOD ndvTOTe va 7iAf||ev TOV A8aivdvTvo Kopaf) Kav TVC, DJiep Ttiq Kovvf|<; yXcoo-
oac, a7ro\|/ev<; TOD). O eDcpDeoTaToq Kav eDpevaq 7iav5evaq OavapvcoTTiq, o nav.
 177

KoSpiKCxg, Tipotetvei TTIV e^fjg 5oKi^ii (TEOT) yia va SuxTUOTCoGei Ttoia eivai T]
ooor||j.atiKii» Koivf) eGviKii yXcoooa: «"Ag dva/vfflcrr/ nvac, eiq /J,iav avvehevmv (pvosi dfio-
pT) Koivf| Ttoi) yevav 'Ehhrivcov, and Siayopovg Tonovg Kai %wpaq avvaOpoia^ievcov [...]
IKd tO1>g KEl- \iiav npoKrjpv^iv, Adyou %dpiv, rou Aoyiov 'Ep/j.ov [evv. to TtepvoSiKO ti^g
'.ipetf|» OTicog nov VKOGir\pi& iiq ano\|/ei<; TO-O Kopafj], fj eva y.epoq TCOV
.TOV and oaa ZTo%aa/j,aJv [evv. xa npoXeyo^eva tcov epytov TOU Kopafj 6no\>
•<av Pa>/j.aicov Tig ylcoooiKeg TOO) Geoeig], sraz ^dAiara rav rehevTaicov %p6va>v ir\c,
:o e'Ovog aipeaecot;, Kai Oehei i8fj 6(p6a^o(pav(dg TTJV Siacpcoviav Kai
- Kai eig SvaapeoKeiav TWV aKpoai&v 6 evag Oehei einrj avm eivat XKOTIKU' 6
ie6a eig ir\v dAAog KvnpuonKa. "AK'koq KprjtiKa r} 'AppaviriKa, Kai oAoi Koivcag on
. OjtaSog tiig avra Sev eivai Pco/j.aiiKa. "Ag Sia^darj IK TOV evavTiov eva Kojov TOV
dc^eta npoc, ri, rj TOV OeoTOKt]- niav nepiKoni]v TOV ZKOvq>ow r) eva TpayovSi TOV
3t> trig yXcoo- T], Kai a^ieacag Qehei idij avmvg okovg, yvcopi&VTag Tt]v yeviKi]v
i /.oyiog Sia- (ppdaewg yvrjawTrira, vd OjUoAoyTjcrouv /j.iq (patvrj, OTI amd eivai
iv A6avdoiog KaOapd Pco/j,aiiKa. Kai amf] eivai Tfjg Koivfjg 'EOviKfjg AiaheKTOv KOIVT]
:'>.c6ooag 'E6viKT] 6/ioAoyi'a»33. Ilapd ta Xey6|j,eva TOTJ Ko6piKCx, GiaocoiT) ^uag |a,op(pf|g
-poiaoT) no\> 6a ppvoKoiav KOVTCX OTTJV apxa'i'Covoa («E?iAr|viKf)»)
Ttepav aKojiT) ir\q y^coooag TOTJ GeoTOKT]34, o 0eoT6KT)g jie tt) yXcoooa TOTJ
«RupiaKo8poniot»> toi)35 PptoKetai OTTIV itpay|j,atiK6TT|Ta, oia
opia iiig Koivf|g yA,coooag ne to 71681 va Jiatdei nepioootepo otov
KaGapeuo-ooag, trig onotag, oitcog ei8ane, Gecopettai Kai o Ktipiog 8ia|^op(pco-
rpoiKiojievog

vidtr|. Me ta 1 6. O6avoi)|j,8 f|8r| otr|v KiSpia ^aor) Sia^aCTg yia to yPicoooiKo ^iitr||a,a, otr|
lie KaGapeti- 8i8aoKaMa tou ASanavtiou Kopaf|, K-Opiov Kai Kaipiot) (yia tr|v p,Ete;reita
aicova). Eta e^eXi^r) toi3 Gejaatog) tmootripiKtii tiig an^iig, npocpopiKiig y^coooag, trig KOI-
KOVtd OtOUg viig EXXriviKiig. H SiSaoKaXia tot) Kopaii, trig fieyaMiteprig TtpooamiKotritag
caipo Kai |ae to-u VEoe^riviKO-u Aiacpcotioia-oti, ocppayioe tr|v Tiopeia tiig veoel^t|viKiig
l(a.£va Kai va yXcoooag, artoteA.(6vtag tr|v Kt)pi6tepr| -Tipo trig e|a,(pav(aecog toij ^Dxapri-
K/.r|oiaotiKii avaKlvriari toti Gejiatog tiig e7tiormr|g y^coooag otr| veotepri E^?ia8a, ev 6\)/ei
toti aycova tiig EXetiGepiag Kai trig iSpuorig tou Neo-u EJi.A.riviKO'u Kpatot>g.
t cog e tr| To yXcoooiKo ^iitr||a.a |xe tov ASajidvtio Kopaii (1748-1833) ^£ot|Kc6vei toug
ourog SiavooDi^evottg tiig eTro^iig Kai toug ^coptCei, yiot 7ipcotr| ^opd |i£ tetoia evta-
or) Kai o^i3tr|ta, oe 8i3o avtinaxo^eva otpatoneSa: a) otot>g -OTioatripiKtEg37
TOY npoopi- tcov yXcoooiKcov Geaecov toi3 Kopaii, no\> eivai K-uplcog o Kcovotavtivog
-STV%ev, iva Koi3|iag (1777-1836), Av6i|iog Ta^iig (1758-1828), Neo^vtog Bd^(3ag (uep. 1776-
yioi] eiq ii]v 1885), 0eoK?ir|tog OapjiaKiSrig (1784-1860), Kcovotavtivog BapSaMjcog (1755-
1830), Bevia^itv o Aeopiog (1759-1824), Kcovatavttvog OiKovo^iog (1780-1857),
f]jj.(ov Sia- Ste^avog OiKov6(iog (1786-1831), Kcovotavtivog KoKKivdKrig (1781-1831),
Ar|(iiitpiog Adpjiapig (1757-1823), r. Xpuoopepyrig (1805-1862), e|j,^eoa Kai 01
AGavdoiog »PaM8ag (1764-1829), 0eocpiA,og Kai'piig (1784-1853) Kai, oe veote-
6va T| evvoia poug xpovoug, o ZTrupiScov TpiKO-unrig (1788-1873) K.d. (3) otovg avtutcdot>g
eKtevf| aTto- tou Kopaii, otovg OTioiotig aviiKow Kttpicog 01 IlavayicotdKrig KoSpiKdg
TipooTtdGeid (1762-1827), Neocp-utog AoiJKag (nep. 1760-1845), Etecpavog Ko^titdg (mp.
1770-1830), A0avdoiog ndpiog (jiep. 1725-1813), AGavdoiog Xpiot07io\)A,og
g, o Ilav. (1771-1823), Icodvvrig Br|A,apdg (1772-1847), Aiovi3oiog Zo^cojiog (1798-1857),
178

IaKcopdKT|<; P(£o<; NepoDAoq (1778-1849) K.d.

ria TOV Kopaf| TO 0eiia Tf|<; yAxoooaq 8ev eivai eva anXo cpiA.oXoyiKO f|
aio0r|TiK6 £f|TTiLia fi ^f|TT|Lia Te%viKo, ertiKoivcovictKo (Lie tr)v epyaXeiaKfj ODA-
A,t|\|/r| Tf|<; emKoivcovia^). Eivai 7ipODJTO0eor| yia TTJV aTioKTrjor) jiaiSelac; ano
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TOV cpcoTioLio TCOV EMifivcov, TWO 0a TOD<; o8r|yf|oei GTT|V evo7iAT| SieK8iKT|or|
Tf|<; e0viKf|<; TOD<; eA,eD0epia<; Kat OTT|V KaTO/tipcoofi xr\q. Amfi eivai, oe yevi-
Ke<; ypaiiiieq, t) evvoia TOIJ Aiacpratiojiot), TOD cpcoTioLLoti TOTJ Fevo-u<;, no\>
eicave OKOJto Tfi<; ^a>r\c, TOD o Kopafu;, LieTaSlSovTai; TO Ttd0o<; KOCI Tiq iSeeq
TOD OTOV eDpDTepo KDK^.0 TCOV EX^f|vcov StavooDLievcov evTdq Kai eKToq Tt|<;
E^M8o<; (i8ico<; OTI<; 7iapa8oDvd(3eie(; %cope<;). To TrpoTDTio TOD KopaiKOD 8ia-
cpcoTioLioD eivai (3epaico<; T| Ta/VXia, Lie TK; repoocpaTeq KoivcoviKoiro^iTiKei; KOCI
e^eM^etq. O 8e Kopafiq 8ev eivai o jcpcoTOi; Pe|3atco<;, nov cvK-
TOV Aia^coTioiio coq 7ipoD7i60ecr| yia TT)V a7i6KTT)or| ir\q e0viKf|<;
eA,eD0epta<; Kai TTJV na^iyyeveoia Tf|<; E?iA,d8o<;. 'E%ODV 7tporiyri0ei -Kai OTO
yA,ooooiKO- o Zo^iavoi;, o Aydmoi; AdvSoi;, o ZKOD9o<;, o Mr|vidTT|i; aA,A,d Kai
o MoioioSa^ Kai o Bo-uXyapu; Kai o NiKt|cp. ©eoTOKriq Kai, Pepatcoi;, o
KaTapT^q, o Pi^yag K.d. To veo Kai or|ja.avTiK6 Lie TOV Kopafj eivai OTI Lie TT)V
eDpikepr) OD^T|\)/TI TCOV 7ipopA,r)LidTcov TTOD TOV %apaKTf|pi£e, |ae TOV Ttpopjiri-
LUXTIOLIO Kai TK; JipooSeDTiKeq (8DTiK6Tpojre(;, eivai a?if|0eia) i8eet; TOD, Lie
TT|v a7TOK^eioTiKf| Kai TrpcoToyvcopr) a^ooicooi^ TOD OTOV AiacpcoTioiio TOD
TevoDq, Lie TOV oepaoiioTCODeitepa^e oe OAOD<; t| 7:ai8eia, r| OKe\|rr|, r\-
pr)iiaToA.oyia Kai r| OTipapf), TieiOTiKfi y^coooiKf| SiaTDTicoor] TCOV iSecov TOD,
f|Tav aDToq HOD ei/e Kai TO iieya^DTepo KDpo<; Kai, KaT' eneKTaoiv TT| iieya-
A,DTepr| aTtoTeXeoiiaTiKOTTiTa Kai enippofj. 'ETOI o Ariiiapdi;38, avacpepoiievoq
OTT| OD|a,po>,f| TOD Kopafj OTOV Aycova, Savei^eTai TTIV ito^D eTtiTD/TiLievri
cppdot) TOD n. ApyDpoTTOD^OD, OTI e^eSiSe «napaiveasiq &>q Sicnayaq a%e86v
aKovo/j.eva<; eig idnovq KUTO, xpiaKoaiaq Kevyaq ani%ovmc,»\, yia TOV Kopaf| r) y/\,c6ooa eivai Seono^o

7iai5eDTiKO Tipoypaiiiia -Kai opaiia iia^i- TOD oocpoD jraTpicoTTj yia TOV cpcoTi-
OLIO TOD TevoDq. H yXcoooa eivai yia TOV Kopaf| D7t60eor| 8r|LioKpaTia(;, Tipo-
6SoD, e^eD0epta<;, Liopcpcoor|i;, KaA,A,iepyeia<; Tf)<; OKe\j/t|i;, KOIVOOVIKTU;, ;roA,iTi-
Kf|(; Kai e0viKf|(; acpDnviorii;. AvdyeTai 5T]A,. oe iiet^ov i8eoA,oyiKO, jtaiSeDTiKO
Kai, Pepaicoq, e0vuco 0eiia, CTltTi^oc JIOD npenei va avTiLieTcomoOei Kai va
XD0ei Lie TpoTio peaA,iOTiKO Kai anoSoTiKO yia TK; avdyKeq TOD avayevvcoiie-
VOD 'E0VODC;. O tpoTtoi; TTOD Taipid^ei OTTJV i8iooDyKpaota TOD Kopaf| eivai r]
TCOV aKpoTf|T(ov, r| ODV0eori Kai r\i TCOV avTi0eoecov, T|
iieooTTn;3''. 'ETOI o Kopafiq yiveTai o DnooTripiKTfn;, 0ecopt|TiK6(;
TTpaKTiKoq, TTIQ «^aT]<; o8ot»> OTO ylcoooiKo ^f|TT)Lia. ArcoppinTei TTJV
aKa^iepynTT) ^aiKf| (ir\) Kai TT]V iSicoLiaTiKfi («y^coooT]LiaTiKf|»)
Liopcpf| ir\q yA,coooa<; ano TTJ ilia Kai TTJV ap%ai'^ODoa, XoyicoTaTioTiKT) Liopcpf|
(TT|v «E^XriviKi!|» ^eyoiievT)) ano TT|V a'k'kr}. TdooeTai 8e lie 6A,e<; TI<; 8Dvd|a,eK;
TOD, Lie 7td0o<; Kai Lie A,oyiKf|, ertiOTTiLioviKfi eTci%eipt|LiaToXoyla DTtep Tr)<; KOI-
vfji; yXcoooaq, Direp xr\q art^oDOTeprii; Ttpo^opiKfn; yA,c6ooa<;. Tia va ava^0et,
r| Kowf| Tfji; e7io^f|(; oe ejuorpTi ypanTfi y^coooa, %peid^eTai, KaTd TOV
 179

Kopafj, KaOapiad^, f(Toi aTcojj.dcKp'uvori Kai avTiKatdoTaori \LE e^XriviKd TCOV

r\ ^evcov oToi^eicov (Xe^iXoyiKcov Kvptcoi;) a^o Ta omola eyefJ-e TI yXcoooa
TOV 16o ecoi; Kai TOV 18o aicova, Kai 8i6p9raoi^ yeviKOTepa,
:ai8e(a<; ano TCOV ^oyicov OTO 8o(a,iKO enineSo TT^I; yA,coooa<; (jj,op9oA,oyia/ypap,(j,aTiKi^ Kai
iJ~69eor| yia Ti). Oi 8iop9coTiK8<; Tiapejapaoeii; Tto-u TipoTeivei o Kopafiq, co<;
1 §ieK8tKT|ar| Ti^q KOIVT^I; y^coooaq, etvai OTIIV rtpay|a.aTiKOTriTa
ivai, oe yevi- i; SiaSiKaoieq KaOapiofiov vf\c, y^coooa^ (aito ^eva f| Kai 7iapap,op-
revotx;, not) -6n(f>q Ta Oecopouoe- TT|I; napaSooiaKtiq 8o|af|<; yXcoooiKd OTOi^ela)
<ai tic, iSeeq TIO\ ^v, (ia0|ir|86v Kai areo aX^ov 8p6(xo, OTT)V Kai' e^oyfyv Ka0apeT3o-u-
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Sia- 8ia(iop(pc60riK8 Kai T| KaOapeuo-ooa TOTJ ©eoTOKT), onwq Kai r) KaGapeuovoa
:o/aTiKec; rai opiojievcov OavapicoTCOV (KoSpiKd K.a.), jO-op^eq 01 orcoieg Tipo^XGav avTi-
DC. 7TOX) O1>?1- OTpocpa ajio Ka9apio(J,6 Kai ait^O'uoTe'uori Tf|i; XoyiOTepric; 1^ Kai ir\q

9e( -Kai OTO Oi Geoeiq TOTJ Kopaf| etvai ^eKa0ape<;.

TIC oAM Kai 1) Tdooetai avoixtd \>n£p TT|<; KOivfji;. Ta X,6yia TOD: «Hv^r]ae TTJV ajvoi-
(3epaico<;, o av Kai Tfjg nakaiaq Kai tr\q veag •yhwaariq, 77 eniKparfiaaoa scog Tcopa Kaicf]
at OTI (ie TTJV Kai Sisa'cpaniiev't] ovvrjdsia va Karacppov^ev TJJV vsav, ir\v onoiav fiovrjv
tov elvai SvvaTov va (pepco/j.ev eiq TeleioTiyTa [...]. Kaipoq eivai va ehevde-
pa>0a)/j.ev and tamr\v ii]v np6^r\^iv.»* Kai «npenei va j\i\ivaC,&iiEQa e%ai-
KOUOUO p£TG>g va mAAuwOjUev Kai va SiopOcovo^ev doov eivai dvvaxov TTJV
vr|, r| yhdoaaav, TTJV onoiav eQri^daa^iev ne TO jaKa, Kai eiq novr/v xi]v onoiav
v i5ecov TOD, eavveiOioafiev va e^riymnev O,TI ovhkoyi^o/j.eOa [...] f]/J.eig e'xo/j,ev %peiav
Jiv TTI jieya- \i£ya'kr\v va ypOKpo^sv eiq rr/v yhaJaoav, eiq TTJV onoiav Kai voov^ev, eav
Qe^(Ojj.ev Kai Ta vofi/j.aTa fi/j,(0v va Kavoviaco/j.£v Kai TT]V yK&aaav iKavfjv
va Ta eK(ppd^t] va KaTaaTJ]ao)^ev»" Kai «"OaTiq ^rapig dvd/jojg ypdyei
[evv. ap^aioTi] [...] KaTapevyei eiq y'k&ooav, Tfjq dnoiaq rfv
8ev eivai nkeov KpiTar Kai SeiKvvei \LE TOVTO, on (po/leiTai va
oia OTO 6X0 eiq rr/v KOIVTJV SidheKTOv, Tf\q dnoiaq TO 8iKaaTT]piov evpiaKeTai eiq
la TOV (pa>Ti- TO £a>v "EOvoq. [...] "Oonq ypdcpei 'E^t]vion, fieT' okiyovg xpovovq (Kai
r>atia<;, rcpo- av%vd /J.BT' ohiyaq f]/j.epaq) Qelei Kr\Giiovr\Qf\v Kai amoq Kai Ta avyypd/j.-
IKlfc, 7TO>llTl- \iava rou»42.
. -aiSeimico 2) YnoottiptQei dti f\, yia va peXtwoOel Kai EfAJiXoDTioOti, xpEict^e-
30ei Kai va tai KavoviotiK^i; pi)0|^ioei<;, «Ka8ap|ii6v» 8t]X. Kai «8idp8o)Oiv». Ta Xoyia
;vayevva>|a.e- TOU: «npd)TOV anoTe^ea^ia xraAov eivai 6 Kadap/J,6q Tfjq yhobaariq dno dAAo-
)paf| etvai r\, r| Mq~eig. Eiq Tiva Sev eivai yvwaTov OTI eiq nokhovq Tonovq ovo^d-
Ta npdyfiaTa /j.e Xe^eiq faahiKaq Kai TovpKiKaq; "O%i SWTI keinei
9ecopr|TiK6<; and TT]v yh&aaav e^Kpv^wq hel;iq, dAAd 8wTi 8ev yvcopifemi eiq TOV Tonov
TT)V eKeivov, onov ovo^id^eTai TO npdy/j,a /J,e dAAd^uAov le^iv. Eivai evTponrj
eiq FpaiKov, KaO' vnoOeaiv Znvpvalov, vd 6vop.d^r] TOVpKion npdy/j.a noi)
JTlKf) jJ.Op(pTl 6 nkriai6%(opoq avTov Xloq ovofid^ei ypaiKiaTV eiq TOV KepKvpalov hahi-
:ic Sweeten; ari, TOV onoiov TO ypaiKov ovo^ia aoafeTai eiq TTJV yeiTova neKon6vvf]aov»^
cep TT|<; KOI- Kai «'H and Tovq %evovq Sdveiaiq T/ vd TO einco KaOapd)Tepa, \i/(Ofio^r]Triaiq
va avax0£i, heq'ewv Kai (ppdaecov, and Taq dnoiaq yep.ovmv ai dnoOfjKai ir\q yhcbaarjq
xi, Katd TOV d Tfjq dnfiiaq, SiSei Kai navTekovq dnai8evaiaq, f/ Kai fi^i9wTr]Toq,
180

. [...] 'H %peia TTJV dnoiav ano Tag dAAag e%ei rj fjiieTepa eivai
TroAAd dAi'yTj, eneiSr] napameKei ai/j,d Trjg f] vnepnhovTog avTfig /JTJTTJP, yvcooi
STOiLirj vd Scooij eig OTJTTJV o,n Tfjg Keinei»M. Tia it) SiopGcoor) ypcccpei:
«Awp6ioaiv ovoLid^co Tfjg yhcbaarig, o%i LIOVOV TOV LieTaa%r]LiaTiaLidv 8iaq>6-
pcov BapBapOLiopcpcov A.eq'ecov Kai avvTa^ecov, dAAd Kai TTJV (pvhaKrjv no'k-
Ad>v dAAfflv, Tag dnoiag cog BapBdpovg anovSd^ovv vd eg'opiacoaiv ano TTJV
yhcoaaav, oaoi \iexa npoao%fjg Sev epevvr]aav TTJV (pvaiv Tfjg yhcbaarig^. nav
Eniarn; «To BdpBapov eivai keq'ig axenKr), ovSe Svvarai nheov vd eniTedfj
eig TTJV c7Tj/z£pivTjv yhcoaaav, dcpov enavae npo nohhov vd AaATjTat TJ vai *
nakaia. 'H or)iiepov AaAot>,uevTj Sev eivai OVTC fidpfiapog [evv. %t>8aia, -aw(
XaiKT)] OUTS 'jBAATjviK-Tj [evv. apjcat^ot»oa], dAAa vea [...] K^rfpovd^og na- vi npi
Kaiaq nhovaicoTdTrjg y^coaarjg, Tfjg 'EAATjvijafe. 2vy%copeiTai 6 AaArov rj ypd-
(pcov vd Kavovi^rj Kai vd Kahkconit'ri eig TO eva%r]Li6Tepov Tag ovveiOio/j,e-
vag ^.egeig, dAA' o%i vd /3«Arj eig Tonov amcov dAAag nahaidg, Sid TOVTO
LIOVOV, OTI eivai ap%awTepai, Fpacpoiiev o%i Sid Tovg npo nokkcov eKaTO-
VTaeTT]piScov dnodavovTag npondmpag, aAAcc 8id Tovg arjLiepivovg
OLioyeveig Kai avyxpovovg fjiicov "E^f]vag»K.
3) H «jie"oti o56i;». Tpdcpei: «Kai OTav nidarj TOV Kdkaiiov, Sev ypd<pei -: :*-.
ome Sid Tovg aocpovg [evv. TTJ %pr\or\ apxat^oDoaq], oi)Te Sid Tovg dnai- 17. r
SevTovg TOV eOvovg [evv. tt| %QT\GT\; ^eyo^evTii; ^-uSaiai;, tru; 'kaiKJiq f] . .tz
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TavTa &Kpa, Lir]8e vd LiaKpvvrj and Td ypacpoiieva LirjTe Tovg npcoTOvg Sid
TTJV dr]8iav, LirfTe Tovg SevTepovg Sid TO 8vav6r]Tov, TJ Kai &KaTav6r]Tov,
npenei vd LieTa%eipia6fj TTJV ykcoaoav TCOV KhaaaiKcov, av TO eOvog TOV e%rj
OLiohoyovLievovg KhaaaiKovg, oi onoioi LirjS' amoi rjOehav d^icoOfjv vd ovo-
Lid^covTai TOIOVTOI, edv eypa(pav Sid Liepog TI TOV "Edvovg. .Eig f]Lidg, Lii]v
e%ovTag aKOLir] KhacraiKovg, av dehcoLiev vd Ta%vva>Liev TTJV yeveaiv avTcov,
ndXiv TTJV Liear]v 6S6v Tf]g ykcbaarjg npenei vd naTr)acoLiev, Sid vd LieTaSco-
acoiiev eig Tovg dnaiSevTOvg, av e%coLiev TI mAov, Kai vd ScoacoLiev eig Tovg
aocpovg acpopLirjV vd LieTaScbacoai KakrjTepa. 'AAAd TTJV jj,eor]v 686v eKelvog
Liovog eivai Kakog vd naTf)or], oang e^eTaoev dKpiBcog TTJV KaTdaTaoiv Tfjg
yhcoaarig. "Ag ap%iacoLiev koinov and TTJV epevvav avTfjg»" KCU «'Edv vd
LiaKpvveTai Tig and TTJV K-OIVTJV TOV keyeiv avvrjOeiav TOOOV, cooTe vd yive-
Tai daacprig eig TTJV Sidvoiav Kai napd^evog oAoTeAa eig TTJV dffOTjv, eivai
TvpavviKog, d Toaog na'kiv %v8aiaLi6g, cooTe vd yiveTai drfSijg eig eKeivovg
oaoi ehaBov dvaTpocprjv, Lie cpaiveTai SrjiiaycoyiKdv. "OTav Xeyco on and TTJV Sfe 1
yhcoaaav LieTe%ei TO e'Ovog oAov Lie SrjLioKpanKriv iadxr\ia, Sev voco on npe-
nei vd d(pr)acoLiev TTJV iidpcpcoaiv Kai SrjLiiovpyiav avTfjg eig TTJV d^AoK-pa-
TIKTTJV cpavTaaiav TCOV %v8aia)v [...] Fpdcpoiiev, fjdehsv eineiv Tig, Sid Tovg
aLiaQeig Kai npenei vd avyKaTaBaivcoiiev eig TTJV K-aTaATjy/iv avTcov. 'AAAd
LIOVOV oi anovSaioi %p£K>aio\>v vd avyKaTaBaivcoaiv eig Tovg aiiaOeig; Mr]
Sev e%ovv KI eKeivoi %peog vd avvavaBaivcoaiv oAi'yov Lie Tovg anovSai-
ovg;»™ Kai eTuypajj.ia.a'nKOTepa «Bdaig Kai OeLiehwv TCOV dacov eina, nepi na
Tfjg Koivfjg y/\.coaar]g, eivai dnapdhhaKTOv avid TOVTO TO d^icoLia' LirjTe
Tvpavvoi TCOV %v8aicov, Lif]Te ndhiv 5ovX,oi Tfjg %v8ai6Tr]Tog avTCOV»4<>.
 181

erepa eivai 4) EX^OTI apxataq KOCI vea<; yX(6ooa^. YnooTripi^ei TT)V avdyKt)
yvcoorn; tfji; ap^aiac, y^coooai; Kai TTJ 8i8aKTiKi^ xpri0i(J,6TT|Ta if|<; avTinapa-
i0T| ypdcpei: (3oA,f|(; TII<; veaq yA,c6oaa<; Ttpoi; TT|V ap^ata K
7uov 8ia(po- 7ropeia»). Aeyei: «Xa>pig TT]V aKpi$£Giair\v ei8r]aiv
/.CCKT]V KOh- dang KarajivEtai eig TO va 8iopQ(bai] TTJV Koivr]v r/ va 8d>arj eig amrjv
71 v and TT\V Kavovag f/ va Kpivr] KaO' oiovdrjnoTe aAAov Tponov, nepinarel eig TTJV GKO-
nav Kai Sev fj^evpei ^rjTe nov vnayei /i^re n Ka/j,vei»
va eniTeQrj AXX,T|^oypacpta, B', o. 116). Qq Tipoq Tr)v avtuiapapoW|: «ToiavTrj
77 i napdOeaig E%EI npog rote aAAoic Kai TOVTO TO KaKov, on SiSdaKei ev
Kai TTJV diacpopav Tfjg Koivfjg f]^La>v yhatoorig npog TTJV apxaiav eAArj-
ovouog na- Kai avaKahvnTei rag aiTiag 66ev eyevvr\0r] 77 8ia<popa.» (Kopaf|,
i/.cov f) fpd- TIpoXey6jj.eva, o. 130). H (J,e0o8o<; Tf|<; avTinapapo^fit; ecpap^ooTriKe, KaTd TTI
TO-U Kopaf|, f|8T| ano TOV r. Xptioopepyr) OTTI rpa|j.|a.aTiKii Tou50,
. Sia TOVTO f|Tav Kai (j,ia (J,80o8o<; now %pr|oip,o7iou!|0r|Ke (SxtoTDXtt1^. (J-ovov avTi-
f.&V iKaTO- OTpocpa!) KaTd Tiq oSriyiei; ii\c, SiSaaKaMaq Tf^c. ap^aiai;, yia va Ka^,i3\)/ei
jjjuepivovg lie, avdyKec, TTiq veaq ytaoaaac., nov jiexpi to 1917 8ev 5i8aoKOTav
EK7ra(8e\)C)Ti. Aeivo<; yvcoaTric, Kai %pr|OTT|(; TT^<; TtpayjiaTiK
Sev ypacpei Jtopeiai;» •unfip^e o AxiX>ieaq T^apT^avoc. OTa 8i8aKTiKd TOD
roi/g anai- 17. Tia TIQ 0eoei<; TOD amec,, TIQ onoiEC, DrcooTtipi^e (ie 7cd0oc, Kai
c AaiKf|c. fi TT|Ta Kai yia TT|V ajrTi%Tior| no-u et%av enptiTepa 01 anoyEiq TOU, fJTav e?r6jj,e-
V/T] m 8vo vo va 8ex0ei o Kopaiic, no'k'ke.q EniQs.Ge.iq. Kai (pDoiKd 01 em0£oeic,, acpou o
ocorovg Sid Kopaf|<; D7tooTf|pi^e TT| |ieoT| 086, Jtpoep^ovTav KI ano Tiq 81JO nXEVpEc,, ano
aravorjTov, TOXX; apxaiOTeq Kai loyicoTaTi^ovTei; OavapicoTec, acpevoq Kai airo TODq oita-
sag TOV eyj] 8oi5(; TTiq anA.O'uoTEpTu; ^.aiKTiq T^ Kai i8ico|J.aTiKTi<; y^coooaq a(peTepo\). ZK^T|-
9fjv va ovo- poTepoi OTK; eniOeoeii; TOtx; t^Tav 01 npcoToi, Kai OK^t|p6Tepo<; amo O^ODI; o
fjuag, /J.TJV navay. KoSpiKdq (1762-1827), o onoioc, nepaoe Gir\v lOTopia TOTJ y^coooiKOTJ
aiv avTwv, £,r\ir\\i.atoq roq Ktipioc, jroXeiaioi; TOTJ Kopat^ p,e TO epyo TOD «MeXeTT] Trig
va iieTaSca- Koivfjg 'EXhrjviKriq AiaheKTOv» (Ilapioi 1818). Ze aDTO, o TipoiKiojaevoq KaTd
£v eig Tovg Ta ak'ka Xoyioq Kai KaA,A,i8pynja,evoi; <E>avapicoTr|c, no\> Ta Te^euTata 30 %po-
K5V EKElVOq via TT^<; C05^? w° (a7I° T° 1797) Ta e^rioe KI atrcoc, OTO Ilaptoi OJCOD Kai o
araaiv Tfjg Kopatic,, vnepaoTiiOTtii; o iSioi; Tfi<; Xoyiaq yXcoooaq TOTJ naTpiap^etoD Kai
i x'Eav va TCOV ^oytcov Tr|(; noetic, coq TTJC; KaT' e^o%tiv (lopcpiic, TT^I; e0viKTiQ TCOV EA,^f|vcov
re va yive- yXcoooac,, 67t8Te0ri jxe aoi)vii0ioTr| o(po8poTT|Ta Kai 7td0oc, evavTiov xr\q
rofjv, eivai y^coooiKfiq SiSaomMac. TOD KopaT), ^EKivcovTai; KDplcoq Kai jxia yeviKOTepr)
:.g Ixeivovg i8eo>.oyiKti avTi0eor) npoc, Tiq TtpooSeDTiKeq i8ee<; TOD Sr)|ioKpaTiKOD Kopar^52.
>n and TTJV Me 7iX,f|0o<; avTicpdoecov (ercaivei K.%. TT] y^coooa TOD KaTapT^ Kai TOD
JG) OTl npE- XpioTOTiOD^OD, evco OTTIV Jipd^T) DTtepaojiiCeTai TT) Xoyia yA-coooa TOD
OavapiOD53 Kai e^ei ir\i yvcojiri yia TT) yXcoooa TOD EpcoTOKpiTOD!54),
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; Mi] ti0eTai yia va e7me0ei... O A. BepvapSdKrit; E%EI ava^Doei Kai ep(iT]veDoei
: anovSai- ocooTd TTJ oTdoT] TCOV KDpioTepcov ETiiKpiTcov TOD Kopaf|. Tpdcpei: «Zvvep'aivev
Eina, nepi ev ahhaig keq'eai TOTC o,n e^usAAe va Gvufirj qeinoTe nap' f]/j,iv Kai HETCC TTJV
nohiTiKriv anehevdepcoaiv Trig *E/ikd8og, oaaKig fiyepdr] n ^r[tJ\\ia f) noki-
TIKOV r\ Kai yihohoyiKov, aqiatdev iSiaitepag nvog vno T&V
182

npoaoxfjq. 'O dycov efve ndvTOTE o%i vnsp dpxcov Kai iSecov, dAA'
vnep npoaconcov Kai KUTU npoaconcov. "Aq dvayvcoar] Tig doa eypayav Kai
oi TrAeov aanovdoi e%Qpoi TOV Kopafj, Kai 0sAei iSr/ /J.ET' EKnkrjq'Ecog nohhfjq
TOV Kai dnopiaq, on Kai OVTOI SEV Aeyoucri KUT' ovoiav Kai (IE aAAag
Ae<f;eig ei/jr), O,TI EKsivoq, eav SE SEV eyvcopi£e Tiq TI Tpe%£i, f/0eAev vnodEarj
OTI EIVE tiaOrjTai TOV Kopaf], AeyovTeg [i£ aAAag Ae^fig O,TI EKeivog £ine ^ue
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SrjucoSr] yhcoaaav dnohvTcog, aAA' ovSEig Kai dn£Se%£To avTT]v
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oa TOTJ xtiSriv ^,aoi3 8ev p,TcopEi va anote^eosi Ttpofurco eGviKfiq y^cooaaq.
i yXcoooa eivai TI TCOV etiyevcov Kai 07tox>8aiaw: «r\ [iaq eivai
"EAATjvisrTj, s:ai 6 i^Evysviafioq TCOV f]da>v TOV FEVovg SEV IniTpEnsi
TTJV Eiq ovyypa(pf]v %v8awkoyiav. "AAA?j /JejSaia 77 TAdJcrcra TCOV Kanr\K(dv,
Kai aAArj TCJV Euyevwv. "AAAiy 77 TOJV ZnovSaicov, Kai aAA?7 ry TWV %v8aicov.
"O6EV HET' eikiKpiveiaq o^ioAoyd) on 5ev vooTi^iEVO^iai TeAeicog TT^V
<Pikoaoq>iav. AEV ypd(pco jUTjre 5ia FECopyovq, fir]T£ Sid
g, ypdcpco an'k&q Sid EvyEVEiq, Kai n£nai5£v^i£vovq. Aid Kai npo-
a£%co va £K(ppaaOco, oaov TO SWUTOV E^rjKpiftco^vcoq, eiq ir\v avvri6ia/j.£vriv
cppdmv TCOV. 'Enidv/j-co oi y£copyoi va KaTayivcovTai siq TT]V ysrjnoviav. Oi
naKKaXiSsq Eiq TTJV oyoncokiav, Kai vd /j.r]v Ivvoid^covTai, [ir]T£ oi npcoToi
dv 6 FaiSapog TCOV sraTayerai and TOV Kdvdapov, /J.TITE oi SsvTEpoi dv 6
napdyETai and TOV /3aK-aAaov»5<i (Ko8piKd<; 1818, o. oe'). Tia va
oti r) yA,coooa TOTJ Kopafj Kai tcov O7ca8cov tot), r) Koivf|, Sev e%ei
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eivai T| oja.i^o'uja.evri oto Oavdpi), npoteivei to Eqr\q Tcetpa(J.a: «"Aq dvayvcoai]
Tivdq Eiq \iiav auveAeucnv (pvaei o^ioyevcov 'E/ikrjvcov, and Siatpdpovq
Tdnovq Kai %(bpag ovvadpoia/j.£vcov, oi dnoioi [...] va e^ouv Ka9' E^IV EK
yEVETfjq TTJV dKorjv TCOV yvnvaa^Evrjv Eiq TTJV naTponapdSoTOV rkcoaoav
TCOV, dq dvayvcoar], Aeyo^iev, eig e^sroov auT«v 6'Aov
Adyou ^apiv, TOO Aoyiov 'Ep/j,ov, fj eva [i£pog TCOV AuToo
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(pcoviav Kai SvaapsoKEiav TCOV aKpoaTcov 6 evaq 0eAei einrj amd Eivai
6 aAAog KvnpicoTiKa. "AAAog KprjTiKd fj 'AppaviTiKa, Kai oAoi
KOivcoq OTI amd SEV eivai PcofiaiiKa. "Aq Siapdat] EK TOV EVUVTIOV eva
Adyov TOU Mr/vidTT], fj TOV OEOTOKTI, /liav nEpiKonfjv TOV ZKOVQOV fj Eva
TpayovSi TOV PiaKov/j-dKri, Kai d^isacoq OE^EI i8rj amovq oAoug, yvcopi^o-
VTaq TTJV yeviKT]v Tfjg cppdaEcoq yvrjmoTriTa, vd dfio/loyrioovv [iiq (pcovfj, OTI
 183

r iSecov, dAA' aura eivai KaQapa Pco/^aiiKa. Kai avrt] eivai rfjg Koivfig 'EdviKfjg Aia-
eypaiyav Kai Koivf] edviKri b\ioKojia.» (Ko8piKd<;, 1818, o. 254).
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e ivoq sine us Kai emde^wv-
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l\ Mmopei opioiievoi ^apaKTripioiioi, TCOD n^doTriKav yia va LiUKtripioow tic,
'pa.ua.ioc, yXcoooiKeq 9eoei<; Kai TT|V npoocoTiiKOTtiTa TOTJ Kopaf| Kai TCOV oiiaScov TOO),
r/aiaq va Tiepaoav OTTJV lOTopia TOIJ y/\,coooiKofj £r|Tf|LiaTO<;, oncoq X.%. Ta
«KopaKiOTiKd»58 Tofj OavapicoTT) A.oyiO'u IaKCo|3dKTi Pi^oti Nepov^ofj (1778-
1849) f| o Y,apaKTT|pioLi6c; TOVJ Kopaf) Kai TCOV KopaiKcov coq «TpaKapioTc6v»
'.7! npoq Trjv ano TOV NeocpUTo AoiJKa59. Mnopei o A9av. XpioTOTro-uXoc;, nvetiLia cpcoTioiievo
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TT|V uTtoGeTow [evv. TT)V Koivf) y^coooa] pdp(3apTiv Kai OO?IOIKT|V Kai
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:f|c yAcoooaq. Lie TOV TtpoocoTUKO aycova Tot) yia TTJV KaTdKTTioT) Kai TTJV a^io7ioir)ori Tfiq
evai 8r|LioTiKf|<; yXcoooaq va cp9dvei OTOV Aid>,oy6 tov yia TTJ yXcoooa oe ilia
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fov Kanr\k(f>v, doTO%a oe i8ia iioipa tov Kopaf| Lie TOV<; ap/aiOTeq! QOTOOO, eva eivai
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TTV epyo Kai T) nve-oiiaTiKfi aKTivopoMa TOTJ Kopafi dvoi^av opiOTiKd TOV 8p6iio
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y^coooaq TOIJ eMriviKot) ^aoi3. 'EOTCO Kai Lie jcapaxcopf|oeiq Kai
o Siatpopovg . 'Eotco Kai Lie aoto%f|iiata. 'Eotco KI av eicripeaoLievoq o (Sioq
KaO' e^iv SK ano TOV KA,aoiKioLio, TO nvefjiia Kai TT| yXcoooa TCOV Keiiievcov nov e^e8i8e 30
•ov Fhwaoav oA,6KAT|pa xpovia, yia va cpamoei to Tevoq eypa\i/e oe iiia y^coooa not) ano-
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oAoi ev9ev Kai evGev) owextotTiKe oe o^ov TOV 19o Kai OTOV 206 aicova Lie owe-
eva Xelq avacpopeq OTT) 8i8aoKaWa tou. Apa o Kopafiq \)Ttootf|pi^e i8eo^oyiKd
ivcpow r\ Kai GecoptitiKd61 tT)v avayKT) KaGiepcooecoq Kai otov ypanto ^oyo, 8T)X. tTjv
>ug, yvoapifr- enioriLioTcoiTioTi, tT|q Tcpocpopucfiq (8T|Lic68orjq) y^coooaq, otT|v Ttpd^T) oiicoq
:ia (pcovq, on eypaye Liia iiopcpf) (owexcoq Lietapa^XoLievTi) STiiiOTiKi^o-uoaq Ka9ape/uot>-
184

oac;. H rcpoo(popd TOD Kopai^ OTO yXooooiKO tfiTima jiitopei jaovo va ODyKpi-
Gei, ooo KI av 8iacpepei OTI<; icTopiKeq TT|<; oDv6i^Ke<; Kai oe anoteA,eop,aTi-
KOTT|Ta, (j,e TT|V Ttpoocpopd TOD vFt>%dpr|. O A. n,t|v6<;, tiyeiiKi^ H-opcpf) TOD
EK7iai8eDTiKOD ST||J,OTIKIO(IOD, ypdcpei yia TOV Kopaf|: «Kai Lieoa a' avTOvq
%£%a)pi££i evaq Kai Liovog. 'Evaq avdpwniOTfiq, o Kopaf\q. Kai yiari; FiaTi
LIOVO avTdg avayvwpi&i, av 6%i Kai oAdTeAa, TO napov. Movo avTdg SEV eivai
TV(ph(OLievog and TTJV nXavr\ qavayvpioiiov OTTJV ap%aia yhcoaaa. Fiari
.LIOVO avTdg P^ETZEI LinpooTd TOV TTJV vnapfy] avy%povov 'EQvovq, 'EQvovq
VEOV, Kai 8sv nspicppovEi Ta \jrv%iKd TOV SsSo^iEva, TTJ yhcoaaa TOV, Ta tfdr]
TOV [...] BEfiaia o Kopaf/g OTandTrjas OTT] Liecr). 'HTav vnEpfio/liKd ov/j.fiip'a-
OTiKoq [...] Ma KI ETOI nov aTddt]K£, LIOVO Kai LIOVO yia TT\ nov EI%E ane-
vavTi OTO napov, %£%a>pi££i oav dmpo Kaiinpo ndva> an' ohovq Tovg avy-
Xpovovq Kai KUTonivovq (pikoX6yovq>f2 . iSiaiTepa, Te?LO<;, Papwei T) yvcojir)
evoq TipcoTaycovioTT^ TOU yXcoaoiKou ^r|T^|a.aTOi; OTTJ veoTeprj cpdori TOU, TOV M.
TpiavTacp'u^l{8ri: «O Kopatfq SEV napovoidoTr]K£ LIOVO ykcoaaiKog pvOLiiaTrjg
(av Kai ei/e o (Sioi; e7iicpx)Xd^ei(; yia TTJV TtpoojidGeid TOD) Kai avTiLiETwnoq
navToSvvaLirig QEOtplaq TOV ap%aiaLiov, nov EmCflTOvae va Kadispcoarj
apxaia yhcoaaa. FIo/lELiriaE svTova Kai TO naTponapdSoTO &po Kai oke-
Opio EKnaiSsvTiKo avaTritia, Ta 'KUKU ypaiiLiaTiKd', Kai, (pi^E^EvOspog Kai
SriLioKpaTiKoq, napovaidoTrfKE Kai ysviKOTEpa oav KpiTiKdq Trig KoivcoviKijg
nokiTiKf\q Kai EKK^aiaoTiKriq fa-fig [...] napovoidoTriKE OTTJV navTodvvaiiri
avTiSpaarj, OTUV dpxios LIE Tig ehaanKEq TOV Oewpieq Kai LIE fr]v £m$o'kf\ epyov TOV va K^ovi^rj TOV apxa'ioLio,

vaoTanKoq avTinpooamoq Trjg aoxiKr\q iafy]q. 'EyivE ETOI yia deKaeneq OTO-
%oq oAajv TOW avTidpaaTiK(6v GTOIXEICOV Tfjq £no%fiq, EVO> 01 yXwooiKeq avTi-
yvcoLiieg, h.%. LIE TOV KodpiKd, KaTavTovoav av^vd aafJLiavTEg. Kvpioi UVTI-
naKoi TOV Koparj aTdOrjKav nhdi OE nohhovg ispcoLisvovq, 01 'o%oXaoT\.Koi'
Kai 01 0avapi(OTEg, 01 'TO£/l£nfj8£g', 01 Td%a £vy£veiq Kai aXiiiovo, EypayE o
idiog [evv. o Kopaf|<;], aiia Tv%ri va Eivai Kaveiq KUI Ta Svo. Fia a(pop/j.fj %pri-
opioLieva TpWTd Tf]g decopiag TOV, EITE Kai ysviKWTEpa avTfj, LIE TO
o Trig f] LIE TOV Tpono nov £(papLio£6Tav and Tovg d(pdovovg 6av-
LiaoTeq Kai onaSovg TOV, oav Tovg EKSoTEg TOV nspioSiKov «Aoyiog Epiif]q»,
ovxvd OLicog ^Eonovoav 01 noteiiiKeq Lie Tpono npooconiKO Kai ovKo<pavTiKd,
Kai 01 avTiyvcoiioi KaKOLiETaxEipiOTrjKav a(pdvTaoTa TO Lieydko
KOI yia TT] yeviKOTepi] KpiTiKf] TOV oiaor\»^
1 9. ZTa6(j.6<; OTT|V lOTOpia TOTJ y^roooiKo-u ^TjTfmaToi; -Kai 6%i p.6vo yia TTJV
avacpopd TCOV an6\j/eoov TOD^OTOV Kopafj- eival 01 yiVcoooiKeq Geoeiq TCOV
Xeyo^evoov «7ipo5p6(icov»64 Tfjq veoTepT]*; XoyoTe^viai; |a,a<;, TOD AGavaoioi)
XpioTOTto-uXoi) (1772-1847) Kai TOD IcodvvT| Br)?iapd (1771-1823) Kai, JiiyoTepo,
TOD Pfjya OeppatoD (1757-1798). ETO (Sia^coTioTiKO KaGapd) ^pyo TOD o
Pfjyai; x,P"r\\^r\ ap^iKd Kai KDpicoq TTJV Koivfj ylcoooa, ooo 6(j,coq npo-
%copsi OTT) 8iacpcoTioTiKi^ TOD TtpooTidGeia, 8ev SioTd^ei va (pGdoei Kai OTOV
apxaio|a.6, 7iapaoDpja,evoi; ano TO opajia TI^I; 7tpoyoviKi!|c; 56^aq. H TcapaTi^-
prjori TOD Ar)(j,apd65 OTI «yia TOV P^ya t] yXcoooa eivai |a.eoov KI 6%i OKO7to<;»
eivai eDOTo%r| Kai e^riyet, yiaTi o Pfjyaq Sev ei%e a|j.eTaKivriTTi Geor) OTO
 185

va . O Pfjya<; eivai pace aycovioTiKi^ (J-op^ii, not) TT| oiivtofiT] ^cof] TOV tT)v
aqnepcooe e^ oXoK^f|pox) OTTIV Tipoetoi^aota toti aycova n^q e^evSeplai; TOTJ
1 uopcp'n Tevotx;. ne9aivei IT) %povia aKpi(3c6<; nov ap^tC£V va ocva^iiJooei TTJ 8r||j,dcaa
ra cr' avmtig SpaotTipvoTrita Kai TT) y^eooavKi^ 5iSaaKaX(a TOV o Kopaf|g, o OTIOICX; ato
ytari; Fiari Tipcoio 5r)p,ooiet)|a,evo epyo TOI), TT)V «A8eA,9iKi^ 8i5aoKaMa» (1798), avacpepe-
rdg Sev eivai tai tiiLr\iiKa a' autdv.
.(haoa. FmTi AviiGeta \it TOV Pfiya, aiaGepet; 7ipoaa)7UKe<; 0eoei<; OTTI yA«aoaa, piCo-
ovg, Wvovg OTtaotiKeq, 0a fiTtopoiioav va xocpaKTTipia9oijv, e%ot>v o XpioTOKOt)^oq Kai o
TOV, ra ii\Qr\ Ei%e ane- Br|^apd<;. Kai 01 8i3o Ttpoep^oviai ano TOV (piXo^oyiKo-y^coooo^oyiKO K-UKA,O
T0l3 KaTapT^n, avTiTi0evTai OTiq anoyie.iq TOIJ Kopat^ Kai Tipo^copow, nepia-
ooTEpo arco dX^oix; DTiooTTipiKTei; Tf|<; KOIVT^I; ytaoooai;, OTT)
c rovg <jvy- «0ecopr|TiKc6v» (o XpioTOTTOiAoq) i^ i5eo^,oyiKc&v (o Bri^apaq) 0eoea>v.
,'ei T| yvc6|iT| va e7riOTijj,av0ei e5co OTI 01 0eaei<; avTe^ ava5i3ovtai |a.eoa ano TTJ
1 TOO), TOO) M. %viKf| SpaaTtipioTTiTa TCOV 6i3o av8pcov Kai OTTIV ava^T-paii TOVK; p,ia<; TIIO

;. 'O,xi 0a a-u)j,(3ei Myo apyoTepa (j,e TOV Zoco^o, o

KaOiepwat] 6iKf| Tot) y^cooaiKf) eKcppaari OTTIV JCOITIOTJ, cp6dvei OTOV «AiaXoyo
;po Km oAe- y?tc6aoa<;>v/OTTiv avTiQeoT) ;tpo<; TOV KopaTj Kai OTT) STijaiotipyia paag vno-
?v9epog Km OTT) ^covtdvia Kai GTT) 5T)A,a)TiK6tTiTd TT)<; STIJIOTIKTIC; y>.c6ooa<;,
p.e TOV XpioT07roTjA,o Kai TOV BT|A,apd, TtipoDinevcov rcdvTOTe TCOV
avaloyicov. To evTiJXTma Kai T| 87tiTrj%ta Tol3 ZoA,co|j.oi3 eivai OTI rcepvdei
trjv eni vcopig Kai (j,a0T)TefJei OTT) yA.coooa TOTJ 5Tijj,OTiKofJ Tpayorj8iovj TT)V onoia maip-
Kvpiog ena- vei co<; TtpoTDTto. AVJTO ot)(ipaivei >,iyoTepo OTOV BT|A,apd Kai Ka06^orj OTOV
:aeneq aro- XpioTOTioD^o, yi' arjTO Kai T| ylcoooa opiojaevcov rtoiTi|j,dTcov TOTJ BT|?tapd rcpo-
CCVTI- avayy^^ei TT) y^coooa TOTJ Eo^cojioij.
avri-
20. H vop-iKT^ OKexj/Ti Toi3 XpioTOTTorj^oi), ?ieiTOTjpyc6vTa<; orjoTTi(j,aTiKd Kai
p-u0(iiOTiKd, TOV oStiyei oe |o,ia ovjoTT)|j,aT07toiT|OT| ir\c, Koivf)<; yXcoooag JIOTJ
o, eypaye o
XpT|oi(iO7roiei Kai, ei8iKOTepa, OTTJ owTa^T] p.ia<; ypamj-aTiK^q auTTiq ff\q
yA,coooai;. H npa£,r\d Kai TTJV avdyKT) jiiaq Gecopiaq Ttou 0a TT) oTT|pi^ei.
avrtf, jUe TO
'ETOI TO (3i(3Mo TOTJ XpioTOTio'uA.o'O, nohti mo irepa ano \iia an7rf\|
tovoug Oav-
irepiypacpT^ Tf|<; KOivfji;, yiveTai |j.ia 0ecopia irepi TTJ? npoe^ieijoecoi; ir\c, Koivfiq,
yiveTai T| aioloScopiKfj Oerapia TOTJ XPIOTOTIOU/IOTJ reorj 5iejtei TT) «rp«mu.aTi-
iKCXpCCVTlKO,
Kfj Tfa Aio^o8coptKfi(;, TJTOI TT|^ o|iiiIov|aevT|<; t(opivfi(; ttov EHfjvrav y>.c6ooa<;»
(BievvTj 1805). H 0ecopia TOV XpioTorco'uA.o'u acpopd OTTJV rjcpT) Kai TT)V Jipoe-
?iet»oT| TT^q veoTepT)q 7tpo(popiKf|c; y>,c6ooai;, TT|<; 8T|ja,OTiKTi<; Tf|q e.no'xfyc, TOD.
)VO Jltt TT)V Me eva TepdoTio IOTOPIKO Kai A,oyiKo dXja.a o XpioT6"jioi)A,oi; eni^eipei va
9eoei<; tcov ot)v8eoei ir\a E?iA,T|viKTi a7ierj0eia<; jae TT)V ap^aia! Zav va (a,T|v e%ot)v
A0avao(o'o (a,eoo^a(3^oei 20 Kai n^eov aicove? yXcoooiKTic; avvZ'xs.iac, Kai e^eA,i^T)<;! Zav
i, Xiyotepo, va (iT)v e^ei DTtdp^ei T| aXe^avSpwn KOIVT^ Kai r\^ eM-TiviKfj. H Tipo-
pyo TOD o (popiKfi veoeXXT]viKf| yA,coooa, p.e 7tapdKa|a\|/T| oXcov arjTcov, owSeeTai, Te^vT]-
ojKQi; npo- Td Kai acpvJoiKa, arcerjGeiac; ja,e TTJV ap%aia aioXiKTj Kai TTJV ap^aia ScopiKT)
:i Kat OTOV H eM,eu|/T| e7iiOTT|)J,oviKf|(; y^coooo^oyiKiii; rj;iooTfjpi^T|<; acpevoc;
H napmf\- Sev e^ei STmio-upyTiGei T| yA,cooooXoyiKfi e7iioTf|)iT|) Kai acpeTepov T|
T)0eXT|(a.evT| TtpooiidOeia TOTJ XpioTono'oXo'u va 7rapaKd|a,\|/ei TTJV aTTiKTi 8id-
Gear) CJTO , TT|V orcoia 7ii0avoTaTa oweSee (a,e TTJ A,6yia (Ka0apei3orjoa) Kai TTJV
186

yXcoooa, TOV o8f|yt|oav OTO [Aoipaio dX|ia. £e at>Td 0a npercei va

TcpooTeGei TI Tdori ir\q enoxfiq (18ot) Kai 19ot) at.) va ot>v8e6ei o veoq elAT|-
vio(J,6q oe 6A,eq tot) xiq eKcpdvceiq anet>0eiaq |ie TOV apy/xio EM,t|vion,6 Kai
coq ev0dppDvor| OTOV ndo%ovTa EX?ir)vio|a,6 Kai ax; 8ia<pomoTiK6 Kivrifxa Kai
coq djxuva otr)v a(J.qnopf|TT]or| Tf|q eAAr|viK6TT|Taq TCOV vecov EM,r|vcov Kai coq
6pa|ia pojiavTiKO ava^f|Tt|or|q TOTJ npoyovucot) KXeouq Kai coq
toor) TI^Q TavTOTtiTaq Kai tT|<; a^iaq Toti EX^T)viO|j.o'6. ATtoTeleofia
OTdceroc, eivai YPocHM-aTiKoowTaKTiKot TTJTCOI not) 8T)|j,io'upYi'|9T|Kav l^eoa
ano 5ia8o%iKe<; |j,eTapo^eq Kai |a,aKpaicovr| e^eXi^ri, 7tapep(ir)vei:)ovtav coq
npoiovTa dfieoriq avTinpoocc)nei)ori(; ap^aicov aioA,iKcov Kai ScopiKcov TIJTCCOV.
Bepaicoq, onotx; e§ei^e OTa TC^TI TOIJ iSion auova o T. XaT^iSdKiq66 Kai oncoc,
eivai ano okovq o^eSov napaSeKTO of|(iepa67, t| veoe^A.r)viK^ yKwaaa eivai
e^e^i^t) Ti^q pti^avTivfiq, r) onoia npof|X0e ano TT|V aXe^av5pivf| Koivf|, r\, |j.e TT) oeipd TT)q, etvai npoiov

8iaA,eKTOx>, r| onota vmi^p^e TI eniormT) Y^-toooa Tf|q

plaq TOTJ M. AXe^dvSpot). Apa TI veoeAlr|viKf| fawGaa cpuoiKd (Kai 6^1 H-e
dXjaaTa lOTopiKd Kai XoYiKd) 8rna,io/opYi!|0r|Ke ano Tr)v ap%aia aTTiKf| 8idA.e-
KTO Kai 6^1 ano TIC, 8i3o dX^eq ap%ateq Sia^eKTO-uq (aioXuci^ Kai ScopiKf)) not)
etie •unoyvc6prioav (inpooTd OTT)V Ktipiap^oTJoa aTTiKf| 8id^eKTo eke
vet)9r|Kav |j.eoa o' at)Tf|v acpfjvovTaq opio|a.eva tino>,ei^|a.aTa OTT|V
Tonovq npocpopiKi'i Y^-toooa.
H aio>.o8copiKf| 6ecopia, Xoinov, o\)v8eeTai djieoa (a,e TO Y^CO
p.e Tt|v t»nooTf|pi^Ti Sr]^. Ttiq npocpopiKfiq Koivfjq, not) epdXXeTO coq YjoSaia Kai
avd^ia YI.OC et>p-UTepri xpf|OT| Kai ot)OTT||j,aTonoieiTai |ie TOV XpioTonoDAO,
ev onep|a.aTi undp^ei Kai OTOV Kopar), o onoloq ot>xva ava9epeTai oe
d Kai ScopiKd aKO(iri Kai oe aio^oScopiKd OTOi%eia, Kai apyoTepa (1830)
OTOV KcovoTavTivo OIKOVOJIO, o onotoq JIO^OVOTI ona86q TOTJ Kopaf| cpatveTai
OTI owTdooetai o' avTO TO 9ep,a (ie TOV XpioT6not)^o. Me TOV XpioT6noi)^o
Kai Tiq aioXoScopiKeq TOD ano\|/eiq otivTdooovTai, YIOC va tmooTtipi^ow tr|v
anXotiOTepri Y^coooa Kai 01 KaTapT^q, Br]A,apdq, OiXinniSriq68 K.d. Tov enai-
VOTJV 8e Kai 01 IdKcopoq Pl^oq Nepot)A,6q Kai riavaYicoTdKT|q Ko8piKdq6',
VOTI 01 18101 t>noaTT|piq'ot>v TT) loyia ^avapicoTiKT) napaSoorj. H
enioTfi|ir|70 (ie TtpcoTov TOV r. XaT^r|8dKi aneppi\|fe TT|V aioXo8copiKii 0ecopta, TI
onota COOTOOO, e5cooe Xapf| oe yovifieq avaWoeiq Tf)q tt^fiq Tf|q veaq

21. AiacpopeTiKri f|Tav T| nepinTcoor) Tot> BrjXapd. AoyoTe/vriq KI a\)Toq,

KaA,iJTepoq ano TOV XpioTonot>A,o, e%ei ap,eooTepri ena^-p (ie TT)
5t|iJ,OTiKf| yXcoooa, TT) y/Uoooa TOTJ 8t|ja.oTiKot> Tpayot)8iot).
XpT)oi)j,07toiei TT|v Koivf|, avti9eTa npoq TOV XpiOTonoti^o, p,e evav evTova
XaiKo Kai pt>9|a,iOTiKO Tpono Kai |j,e evav cpavaTiojxo ak'ka Kai ^a/riTiKOTriTa
not) 0t)(a,i^ot)V noA,iJ -npoXapatvovTdq TOV KaTd 60 %p6via!- TOV xPt)/dpr). O
K.0. AT)p,apdq eniot|p,aivei OTI TOV |i6vov not) napa6exe.Tai o Poi'Srjq coq npor]-
yT)6evTa TOTJ ^Dxapri Kai d^iov va napapXT)0ei jaa^t Toti otr| jcpfior) jiiaq
«a|aiyo-uq» 8ri|a,oTiKr)q eivai o BriXapdq71. Amr\V aX,r)9eia TTJ ot)vei8r)Tonoi-
otip,e 6%i P.OVOV Siapd^ovTaq tr) p,eTd(ppaor| not) eKnovrioe oe ne^o A,6yo Tot)
 187

9a TTpeTtei va KpiTcovog, aXXa noM TiepioooTepo plenovTac; Ta KeiLieva TOD

o veog eAAT]- JIOD TrepiXaiipdcvovTai OTTI «PoiieiKri y^6oa», TO LIOVO epyo nov e5r)Liooieuoe
ev C«>i1 (TO 1814) Kai nou eivai 01 anoyEiq TOV yia ir\a Kai TI pi^o-
TOU yia KaTdpyr|OT| ^r\q lOTOpiKr^i; op9oypacpia<; (ovLDre-
cog TOW TOVCOV Kai TCOV TiveuiidTcov), c60Te r\i y^coo-
aa va ouvoSe-oeei airo Liia pi^iKd ajrA07ioit|LLevr| (pcovr|TiKf| ypacpr^, JTOD Kave-
auTf|<; vac; dXAoq co<; TOTC 5ev ToALir)oe va npoTeivei. Aetyiia: «TovTr], Aeyo, 77 veKpo-
iieoa niahri hoyiomTT] p,ag Ssv eonovSa^av Tr] jKoaa TOV yevov Tovg rr/v Topea-
IvetJovTav cog vr], 8ev KaTaKf]Ta^av Teg (ppaaeig Trig Teg o[iop(poTaTeg Ke emTriSr/oTaTeg, Teg
>plK(DV T1J7ICOV. cpOopeg Trig, Teg anoKoneg Trig KE Ta enr\7j]na KaKr\ onov p.' a<pTa ypa-
a;46 Kai OTTCO<; <povT<xq Ke nrirjTrjKa Ke Aoyoypacpr/Ka va OTokrfaow TT? (prjariKr] Tovg yAoaa,
y/.coooa eivai KaOog eaToHriaTr/Kav oheg 77 yhooeg»n. Zir\v jrepiTTTCoori TOIJ BrjAapd eypiiLie
pU'f| KOlVfj, T) ilia 9COTioLievr| 7iaTpicoTiKf| Liopcpr^ Kai ilia yevvaia LiaCTTiKri cpcovrj awSua-
mi eq'eAiq'ecog Lie Liia ujreppoAiKd eKAoyiKeniievr), •ujrepairAOuaTeuLievri, p-u0LiiOTiKii
jc at>TOKpaTO- avioTopiKT] ai3AAr|\|/r| Tfj^ yAcoaoaq, o-uyKpivdiievri Lie TTJV TrpayjiaTiKOTr)-
2 (Kai 6^1 |^e Ta Kai Lie TO KOIVO aio0r|Lia (i8ico<; oaov acpopd OTT|V opOoypa^ta) Kai, yi'
aTTiKTj SidAe- auTo, KaTaSiKaoLievr) E^apxf\q oe jrepiopioLievr) a7tf|%r)ar].
.1 6copiKf|) 7tou
22. ATT' ooa eijraiie eivai ^avepo OTI OAeq 01 7tpoojrd0eie<; yia TT) ^pT^OTi Tf|<;
o erce ouyxco-
; yAcoooaq, TT]<; SriLicoSo-ui; f| STJLIOTIK^<; fj KOIVT|<; (T^
a oTT|v
' dAAotx;!) eivai cmopaSuceg, ajiooTtaaiiaTiKei;, aToiiiKe<;
yeviKco<; 7ipoa?rd0eieq, %copic; euplJTepTi a7rri%TiOTi -Lie e^aipeoT] TTJ SiSaoKaAia
301KO
Toti Kopaf|- Kai Ycopi? anTd anoTeAeoiiaTa. 'E0eoav, Pepatcoq, eiri TdjrT)TO<; TO
0eiia Tf|<; avdyKT]<; avayvcoploecoq Tf|g Tipo^opiKT^i; yAcooaai; cog ypanTfif;, eni-
XptCTOTTOUAO,
OT)LiT](; yAcoooaq Kai eyevvrioav TTpopATiLiaTioLiovq Kai au^TiT-noeii;. QOTOOO, r|
tvacpepeTai oe
yAcoooa TTOU ypa^dTav o%e86v aTTOKAeiOTiKd f)Tav T) KaGapeuouaa, Liia
r/6-cepa (1830)
Ka0apei3ot)0a JTOU npoep^oTav aito TT)V eKKAT|0iaoTiKT^ ypajTTT^ yAcoooa
ajTAot)OTei)LievT| (cruyKpmKd npoq TT)V apxaiCouoa) aito ejriSpaoT) TT|<;
XplOTOTtODAO
Koivfii; TT)<; Aytai; rpacpfjq Kai TTH; Yiivoypacpiaq acpevog, Kai atpeTepou aTto Ta
8i5dyiiaTa TOIJ KopaT) unep TT]<; ajcAoijaTepT|i; KOIVT^C; yAooooai; Kai airo TOV
K.d. Tov ercai-
KaGapiaiio ano Ta ap/ai'^ovTa OTOi%eta TCOU enpeopeuav OAOI 01 ao%oAT]0e-
SplKdg69, LLOAO-
VTC<; Lie TT) yAcoooa (Lie e^aipear) TOTJ<; apyaiaiEq). EnoLievox;, T) Y,pT)crr| TT|<;
|. H yAcocoiKf)
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era9f| Lie TT| TCOV ypacpovTcov Kai Sev d(privev avTovg va eWcooiv eig aaqi) avvetSr/aiv TOV
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