The History of Football

The contemporary history of the world's favourite game spans more than 100 years. It all began in 1863 in

England, when rugby football and association football branched off on their different courses and the

Football Association in England was formed - becoming the sport's first governing body.

Both codes stemmed from a common root and both have a long and intricately branched ancestral tree. A

search down the centuries reveals at least half a dozen different games, varying to different degrees, and to

which the historical development of football has been traced back. Whether this can be justified in some

instances is disputable. Nevertheless, the fact remains that people have enjoyed kicking a ball about for

thousands of years and there is absolutely no reason to consider it an aberration of the more 'natural' form of

playing a ball with the hands.

On the contrary, apart from the need to employ the legs and feet in tough tussles for the ball, often without

any laws for protection, it was recognized right at the outset that the art of controlling the ball with the feet
was not easy and, as such, required no small measure of skill. The very earliest form of the game for which

there is scientific evidence was an exercise from a military manual dating back to the second and third

centuries BC in China.

This Han Dynasty forebear of football was called Tsu' Chu and it consisted of kicking a leather ball filled

with feathers and hair through an opening, measuring only 30-40cm in width, into a small net fixed onto

long bamboo canes. According to one variation of this exercise, the player was not permitted to aim at his

target unimpeded, but had to use his feet, chest, back and shoulders while trying to withstand the attacks of

his opponents. Use of the hands was not permitted.

Another form of the game, also originating from the Far East, was the Japanese Kemari, which began some

500-600 years later and is still played today. This is a sport lacking the competitive element of Tsu' Chu

with no struggle for possession involved. Standing in a circle, the players had to pass the ball to each other,

in a relatively small space, trying not to let it touch the ground.

The Greek 'Episkyros' - of which few concrete details survive - was much livelier, as was the Roman

'Harpastum'. The latter was played out with a smaller ball by two teams on a rectangular field marked by

boundary lines and a centre line. The objective was to get the ball over the opposition's boundary lines and

as players passed it between themselves, trickery was the order of the day. The game remained popular for

700-800 years, but, although the Romans took it to Britain with them, the use of feet was so small as to

scarcely be of consequence.
 Introduction

This school based assignment (S.B.A), depicts the role of an Equipment Manager and showcases the history

of football, it also shows the challenges undertaken and the final results of the Inter Class Football

Competition. Responsibilities were carried out by my group members and I, such, as the washing of the

football bibs on different occasions, providing the players with the ball at the specific time, ensure that all

cone were returned to the P.E Department and to ensure that both nets were in usable conditions.
 Acknowledgement

Firstly we would like to thank God for giving us the strength to complete this S.B.A. A task like this would

not have been accomplished without enquire help. We would like to express our gratitude to Mrs. Wilson-

Dennis for guiding us through this (S.B.A) even in her personal time. We would like to thank our parents for

their financial contributions throughout the task. Special thanks to all the members of the group for their

support and participation in completion of this project.

 My role as an equipment manager

We are required to carefully follow the advice of the organizing committee, setting up and return
of the equipment for games.

● We guaranteed that all goals are properly set up before each match is played. We ensured that

the field of play was properly attired; (the grass was cut and the field was marked accordingly).

As Equipment managers we were present on the field of play before each game begun.
 Perform simple maintenance of equipment

● We as Equipment Managers were are required to collect all bibs after the game; they were

washed and returned to the Physical Education Department store room. We inspected the balls

before and after the game. We ensured that the goal nets are properly secured before each game

and checks were made regularly to identify if any major holes were presented in them.
Investigate and compile a report about the damage or loss of equipment and report’s findings

to the competition manager.

● As Equipment Managers, it is compulsory for us to report any theft of equipment and give a

report of what was stolen or missing. However, all the balls were accounted for before and after

all the matches. A bid was lost and we reported it to the Competition Manager.
 Responsible for maintaining a tidy and efficient store room.

● The store room ought to be cleaned and attired with the equipment. The bibs are to be placed in a

drawer and the balls are to be placed in box provided. Carefully follows the advice of the

organizing committee, setting up and return of equipment for games. We must ensure that we are

on spot before each matches is played and we should ensure that the field is cut at all time.
 Laws of the game

Law 1: The Field of Play

There are very few fixed dimensions for soccer fields, even at the highest level. FIFA only stipulates that for

professional 11-versus-11 competition, the length must be between 100 yards and 130 yards and the width

between 50 and 100 yards. Regulations also stipulate the dimensions of the goal post and field marking

Law 2: The Soccer Ball

The circumference of a soccer ball must not be more than 28 inches (70 centimetres) and not less than 27 in.

The ball, used by ages 12 and above, not weigh more than 16 oz. and not less than 14 oz. at the start of a

match. Other guidelines cover replacement balls used during a match and what to do if a ball is defective.

Law 3: The Number of Players

A match is played by two teams. Each team may have no more than 11 players on the field at any one time,

including the goalkeeper. A match may not start if either team has fewer than seven players. Other

regulations govern player substitutions and penalties for too many players on the field.

Law 4: The Players' Equipment

This rule outlines the equipment that players may and may not wear, including jewellery and clothing. A

standard uniform consists of a shirt, shorts, socks, shoes, and shank guards. Revisions to the 2017-18 rules

include a ban on the use of electronic communications equipment.

Law 5: The Referee

The referee has the full authority to enforce the laws of the game and his decision is final. The referee

ensures that the ball and players' equipment meets the requirements, acts as timekeeper and stops play for

infringement of the laws among several other duties. The rules also outline proper hand gestures for

signalling rules.

Law 6: Other Match Officials

In professional soccer, there are two assistant referees whose job it is to call off sides and throw-ins and help

the referee make decisions. Carrying a flag to signal their observations, assistant referees, or linesmen as
they are commonly known, must monitor the side-lines and goal lines and flag if the ball goes out of play,

signalling which team the goal kick or throw-in should be awarded to.

Law 7: The Duration of the Match

Matches consist of two 45-minute halves with a halftime interval of no more than 15 minutes. A referee may

play added time because of substitutions, assessment of injuries, and removal of injured players from the

field of play, time wasting and any other cause. An abandoned match is replayed unless the competition

rules state otherwise.

Law 8: The Start and Restart of Play

The rulebook outlines in detail the procedures for starting or restarting play, also known as a kick-off. The

opening kick-off of the match is decided by a coin toss. All players must be on their respective sides of the

field during kick-off.

Law 9: The Ball In and Out of Play

This section defines when the ball is in play and out of play. In essence, the ball is in play unless it has rolled

across the goal line, the touchline, or the referee has stopped play.

Law 10: Determining the Outcome of a Match

Goals are defined as when the ball completely crosses the goal line unless a foul has been committed by

either side in the course of scoring. Policies are made for penalty kicks as well. For 2017-18, new rules were

added to govern instances when the goalie commits a penalty.

Law 11: The Offside

A player is in an offside position if he is closer to the goal line than both the ball and the second-to-last

defender, but only if he is in the opposition half of the field. The law states that if a player is in an offside

position when the ball is played to him or touched by a teammate, he may not become actively involved in

the play. Revisions to the 2017-18 rules include new provisions defining penalties for a player who commits

an infraction while offside. 

Law 12: Fouls and Misconduct

This is one of the most extensive sections of the rulebook, outlining the myriad infractions and their

penalties, such as dangerous behaviour on the part of a player, and guidelines for how officials should

respond to such behaviour. This section was also revised extensively in the latest version, clarifying and

expanding the definitions of bad behaviour.

Law 13: Free Kicks

This section defines the different kinds of free kicks (direct and indirect) as well as the proper procedure for

initiating them. It also outlines specific penalties that trigger the free kick.

Law 14: The Penalty Kick

As with the previous section, this law defines the proper procedure for and penalties that would call for

initiating a penalty kick. Although a player may feint as he or she approaches the ball for the kick, it must be

done during the run-up. Feinting after will result in a penalty. The section also outlines where a referee

should place the ball for a kick.

Laws 15, 16 & 17: Throw INS Goal Kicks, and Corner Kicks

When the ball goes out of play over the touchline, a throw-in will be taken by a player from the team who

did not touch the ball last. When the whole of the ball goes over the goal line, a goal kick or corner is

awarded, depending on which team touched the ball last. If the defending team touched it, a corner is

awarded to the opposition. If the attacking team had the last touch, a goal kick is awarded.
 The field of play

This includes the field markings, the technical area, and liquid refreshment.

Field markings: The field of play must be rectangular and marked with continuous lines which must not be

dangerous; artificial playing surface material may be used for the field markings on natural fields if it is not

dangerous. These lines belong to the areas of which they are boundaries.

Only the lines indicated in Law 1 are to be marked on the field of play.

The two longer boundary lines are touchlines. The two shorter lines are goal-lines. 

The field of play is divided into two halves by a halfway line, which joins the midpoint of the two

touchlines.
The centre mark is at the midpoint of the halfway line. A circle with a radius of 9.15m (10yds) is marked

around it.

Marks may be made off the field of play 9.15m (10yds) from the corner arc at right angles to the goal lines

and the touchlines.

All lines must be of the same width, which must not be more than 12cm (5ins). The goal lines must be of the

same width as the goalposts and the crossbar.

Where artificial surfaces are used, other lines are permitted provided they are a different colour and clearly

distinguishable from the football lines.

A player who makes unauthorised marks on the field of play must be cautioned for unsporting behaviour. If

the referee notices this being done during the match, the player is cautioned when the ball next goes out of

play.

● Technical area: The technical area extends 1 m (1 yard) on either side of the designated seated area

and extends forward up to a distance of 1 m (1 yard) from the touch line.

● It is recommended that markings are used to define this area.

● The number of persons permitted to occupy the technical area is defined by the competition rules.

● The occupants of the technical area are identified before the beginning of the match in accordance

with the competition rules.

● Only one person at a time is authorised to convey tactical instructions and he must return to his

position after giving these instructions.

● The coach and other officials must remain within the confines of the technical area except in special

circumstances, for example, a physiotherapist or doctor entering the field of play, with the referee's

permission, to assess an injured player.

● The coach and other occupants of the technical area must behave in a responsible manner.
The soccer ball
 The number of players

There are 11 players on the field per team during a soccer game. Each team has 10 field players and a

goalkeeper.

Formations are identified with the number of defenders, midfielders and forwards. Goalkeepers are

understood positions and aren't included in the formation.

 The player’s equipment

Gloves

Things that is not required

● A player must not use equipment or wear anything that is dangerous.

All items of jewellery (necklaces, rings, bracelets, earrings, leather bands, rubber bands, etc.)

are forbidden and must be removed. Using tape to cover jewellery is not permitted.

The players must be inspected before the start of the match and substitutes before they enter

the field of play. If a player is wearing or using unauthorized/dangerous equipment or

jewellery the referee must order the player to:

● remove the item

● leave the field of play at the next stoppage if the player is unable or unwilling to comply

● A player who refuses to comply or wears the item again must be cautioned.

Compulsory equipment

● The compulsory equipment of a player comprises the following separate items:

● a shirt with sleeves

● shorts

● socks – tape or any material applied or worn externally must be the same color as that part of the

sock it is applied to or covers

● shin guards – these must be made of a suitable material to provide reasonable protection and

covered by the socks

● footwear

● Goalkeepers may wear tracksuit bottoms.

● A player whose footwear or shin guard is lost accidentally must replace it as soon as possible and

no later than when the ball next goes out of play; if before doing so the player plays the ball

and/or scores a goal, the goal is awarded.

Colours

● The two teams must wear colours that distinguish them from each other and the match officials

● Each goalkeeper must wear colours that are distinguishable from the other players and the match

officials

● If the two goalkeepers’ shirts are the same colour and neither has another shirt, the referee allows

the match to be played.

● Undershirts must be the same colour as the main colour of the shirt sleeve; undershorts/tights

must be the same colour as the main colour of the shorts or the lowest part of the shorts - players

of the same team must wear the same colour.

 Other equipment

● Non-dangerous protective equipment, for example headgear, facemasks and knee and arm

protectors made of soft, lightweight padded material is permitted as are goalkeepers’ caps and

sports spectacles.

The Referee
A referee shall be appointed to officiate in each game. His authority and the exercise of the power granted to
him by the laws of the game commence as soon as he enters the field of play.

His powers of penalizing shall extend to offences committed when play has been temporarily suspended, or
when the ball is out of play. His decision on points of fact connected with the play shall be final, so far as
the result of the game is concerned. He must:
✓ Enforce the laws of the game.

✓ Keep a record of the game; act as timekeeper and allow the full or agreed time, adding
thereto all time lost through accident or other cause.

✓ Have discretionary power to stop the game for any infringement of the Laws and to
suspend or terminate the game whenever, by reason of the elements, interference by
spectators, or other cause, he deems such stoppage necessary. In such a case he shall
submit a detailed report to the competent authority, within the stipulated time, and in
accordance with the provisions set up by the National Association under whose
jurisdiction the match was played. Reports will be deemed to be made when received in
the ordinary course of post

✓ From the time he enters the field of play, caution and show a yellow card to any player
guilty of misconduct or ungentlemanly behaviour. In such cases the referee shall send
the name of the offender to the competent authority, within the stipulated time, and in
accordance with the provisions set up by the National Association under whose
jurisdiction the match was played. Reports will be deemed to be made when received in
the ordinary course of post.

✓ Allow no person other than the players and linesmen to enter the field of play without
his permission.
✓ Stop the game if, in his opinion, a player has been seriously injured; have the player
removed as soon as possible from the field of play, and immediately resume the game.
If a player is slightly injured, the game shall not be stopped until the bass has ceased to
be in play. A player who is able to go to the touch- or goal-line for attention of any
kind, shall not be treated on the field of play.

✓ Send off the field of play and show a red card to any player who, in his opinion, is guilty
of violent conduct, serious foul play, the use of foul or abusive language, or who persists
in misconduct after having received a caution.

✓ Signal for recommencement of the game after all stoppages.

✓

Signals of the Referee

Goal kick referee points for corner kick

Penalty kick
offside
 Goal kick

Substitution

Rules of interclass competition

 ❖ Barefoot is not allowed on the field of play.

❖ Players should be properly attired in the rights gears.

❖ Unlimited substitutions can be made.

❖ Only two sixth formers are allowed to join each class.

❖ Transfers should be made and paid for before the match.

❖ Red and yellow cards should be paid for before the next match in order to play.

❖ Players should be on be field to play five minutes before game time.

❖ There is only twenty five minutes per half.

❖ Only nine players are allowed on the field of play for each team including goal keeper.

app
 Match Fixtures

11M vs 9G (29/10/2018 9G VS 11M (12/11/2018)

10S vs 9H(30/10/2018) 9H VS10S (12/11/2018)

11G vs 10H(30/10/2018) 10H VS 11G (13/11/2018)

7M vs 8M(31/10/2018) 8M VS 7M (13/11/2018)

7S vs 7G(01/11/2018) 7G VS 7S (14/11/2018)

11H vs 9H(01/11/2018) 9H VS 11H (14/11/2018)

9G vs 10H(02/11/2018) 10H VS 9G (15/11/2018)

11S VS 1OS (02/11/2018) 10S VS 11S (15/11/2018)

11M VS 11G(05/11/2018) 11G VS 11M (16/11/2018)

8M VS 7G (05/11/2018) 7G VS 8M (16/11/2018)

7S VS 7M (06/11/2018) 7M VS 7S (19/11/2018)

11S VS 9H (06/11/2018) 9H VS 11S (19/11/2018)

11M VS 10H (07/11/2018) 10H VS 11M (20/11/2018)

11H VS 10S (07/11/2018) 10S VS 11H (20/11/2018)

9G VS 11G (08/11/2018) 11G VS 9G (21/11/2018)

8M VS 7S (08/11/2018) 7S VS 8M (21/11/2018)

7M VS 7G (09/11/2018) 7G VS 7M (22/11/2018)
 Semi finalist

11s vs 10h 11h vs 11g

6-2 6-1

Finals

11h vs 10h

6:2
 Enter Class Competition Registration Form

In order to register for the competition, please complete and submit information below.

Class Name: _______________________

Team Captain Name: ____________________

Contact: _______________ _______________

Grade: ________________

__________________ _____________________ Signature

Date:

:
 COLOUR TEAMS PLAYED IN

TEAM COLOUR

7G Orange and white

7M white

7S purple

8G Grey

9G Blue and white

9H Black and yellow

10 H Red

10S Green

11M Red and blue

11G Black and white

11H Yellow

11S Blue
 Result sheet

Position Team Match Win Draw Lose Goal points

played

1 11H 8 7 0 0 34 21

2 10H 8 7 0 0 29 21

3 11S 7 6 0 1 20 18

4 11G 7 6 0 1 19 18

5 10S 6 5 0 1 24 15

6 8M 6 4 0 2 15 12

7 11M 6 3 1 2 21 9

8 9H 6 3 1 2 18 9

9 7G 6 3 0 3 12 9

10 9G 6 2 0 4 12 6

11 7S 6 1 0 5 9 3

12 7M 6 1 0 5 6 3
 AMOUNT OF MONEY PAID FOR EACH TEAM

CLASS MONEY PAID

● 11M 1500

● 11G 1500

● 11H 1500

● 11S 1500

● 10H 1500

● 10S 1500

● 9G 1500

● 8M 1500

● 7M 1500

● 7S
1500

● 7G 1500
 Names of the player from each class

Class 11S

Javel Coley

Devontae Reid

Christopher Blake

Shemar Messam

Kwesi Palmer

Charmer Mcintosh

Twayne Layla

Steven Cooper
Class 11M

PLAYERS NAME

Malik Anderson

Kenardo Plummer

Shazaar Samuels

Nickoy Francis

Shewayne Walcott

Desmond Taylor

Antonio brown

Nickoy Stevens

DantaeLarmond

Omar lyons
Class 11H

PLAYER NAME

Andre Campbell
 Delano Williams

Demoy Wright

SackielySalkey

Marlon Miller

Timar Haughton

Britantal Patterson

Jahason Granville

Joel Callender

Class 11G

PLAYERS NAME
 Shermar Wright

Cleo Dunkley

Onlie Rowe

Odrian Stewart

Romario green

Christopher Mendez

TajayRankine

Class 1OH

PLAYER NAME
 Shaquille Halcon

GammonyBramwell

Damaine Campbell

AntuwangVassell

Lennox Powell

Radgne Hutchins

MarrionCespedes

Class 10s

Tajay Hamilton
 Krishia Bennett

Mark Allison

Dwayne Thompson

Donate spencer

Sanjay Campbell

Chicore Hamilton

Jardon parks

Krishawn Foster

Raheem Hilton
Class 9G

PLAYER NAME

Andre Anderson

Jordon Nash

Jordon Dixon

Kereece Hutchison

Nickela Thomas

DeranSimson
 Kenroy foster

Tray Powell

RomeshTibbey

Bradley Gayle

Class 8M

PLAYER NAME

Roshawn Robinson

Jamari Wilson

Raheem bailey

Jahmarie wright

Tajay brown

Tedroy gardener
 Andy Powell

Class 7M

PLAYER NAME

Kenardo Dixon

Jevaghn foster

Omario Roland

Kahiem Stewart

Ricardo fisher
 Damario Pusey

Anthony Bailey

Andre trench

Daniel Thomas

Class 7S

PLAYER NAME

Rajay Tomlinson

Olando Watson

Daeshawn Shaw

Nathan Thompson

Omareo
 Dale doyen

Javoughnie brown

Shavaughn Cunningham

Class

PLAYER NAME
 Reflection

We were given the opportunity to select the role we wanted to undertake. My group members and I choose

to be equipment managers. We were given a list before the competition of all the duties and responsibilities

that were to be performed by us as equipment managers. We divided the work among ourselves and chose

different days on when we would carry them out. One of our roles was to ensure that we were at the field of

play before the game begun.

Our roles as equipment managers can be

challenging, although we were face with different problems they were conquered in the end. Most of the

matches were played late due to insufficient cooperation among members and the players not arriving on

time. Even though this proved an issue we were dedicated to carry out our duties well, we were responsible

for the washing of the bibs, maintenance of the footballs and goal nets, these were just a few of our

responsibilities. We kept an inventory sheet to show the number of equipment sent to the field and when

they were returned to the (P.E) department. Our roles as equipment managers where carried out by following

the orders given to us by the competition directors.

Different experiences were definitely garnered from the task that we choose, in doing so we were

able to develop a stronger bond between persons as we were able to share and discuss our different opinions

as a group. From this activity, skills such as cooperation and social development were enhanced. This task

has helped us severely and taught us that even when we are faced with obstacles they can be overcome.
APPENDIX
 Signals of the Referee

Goal kick referee points for corner kick

Penalty kick
offside
 Goal kick

Substitution
 Letter to the principal

Competition Manager
Mile Gully High School

Mile Gully P.O

Manchester

September 10, 2018

The principal

Mile Gully High School

Mile Gully P.O

Manchester

Subject: Invitation to the Inter Class Football Competition

Dear Mr Tyme,

This is to inform you and all the students of Mile Gully High School that the
CXC Physical Education students 5TH form has organised an Inter Class Football Competition. Teams which
comes 1, 2, and 3 will be getting medals and prizes on the day of the finals, venue will be the Mile Gully
School playground. For more information please contact the CXC 5th Form P.E students.

Yours Truly
 Delano Willams

Signature of the person