ETAP Knowledge Base

Grounding Transfomer

Description: Grounding Transformer With Resistance Included in the Open Delta Winding
Category: Transformer
Type: Modeling
Keywords: Open Delta Winding

ETAP Model for A Grounding Transformer With Resistance

Included in the Open Delta Winding.
Main
Transformer
D-D

Main
Transformer

Grounding Transformer
Yg-D
Grounding Z’g, XOverR’g, Sg, kVp,
Transformer kVs
Zg, XOverRg, Sg,
kVp, kVs

Grounding
Resistor (R),
IR, kVR

A grounding transformer with resistance in the delta winding can be modeled in ETAP with the
help of a two winding transformer as shown above.

The impedance (Z’g) and (XOverR’g) of the equivalent two winding transformer is calculated as
follows:

Rg = Zg / √(1 + XOverRg2)

Xg = Rg * XOverRg

Now convert the resistance of the grounding resistor to percent value based on grounding
transformer MVA.

RR = (kVR * 1000) / (3 * IR)

This document is confidential and proprietary to Operation Technology, Inc. and may not be reproduced, published or disclosed to
others without the written authorization of Operation Technology, Inc., 17 Goodyear, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92618, USA. © 2010 by
Operation Technology, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

© Operation Technology, Inc. Page 1 of 2 ETAPKB

ETAP Knowledge Base

Grounding Transfomer
Note that a factor of 3 is used above to convert the resistance to per-phase value.

ZBase = (kVS)2 / Sg

RR% = (RR * 100)/ ZBase

Therefore for the equivalent two winding transformer:

R’g = Rg + RR%

X’g = Xg

Z’g = √((R’g)2 + (X’g)2)

XOverR’g = X’g / R’g

This document is confidential and proprietary to Operation Technology, Inc. and may not be reproduced, published or disclosed to
others without the written authorization of Operation Technology, Inc., 17 Goodyear, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92618, USA. © 2010 by
Operation Technology, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

© Operation Technology, Inc. Page 2 of 2 ETAPKB