S

E BLOCKELEMENIS
n F bleck elamants fsubahall JA baily fild and
hay hae incemblele n-zf, cn-1) dAubshull. Thay a u
a l o callad inne transihen elomonts. In lanthanoads

uf ia pagoasriely flled and n acttnod 5farbitl

a nogneively fillud
Lanthanolds The 14 elements ummediately fallowing-
lanthanum (La-57) le Couum L5s) to Lutetium C71)
ane calRed lanthanada 4 they censltutetie firationer

serLeA lanthanum(S7) has similar

ansiten
with lanthansd=
paapertes thmafere k isstuduedaleng
Lanthanum not enidomec as fbleck eloment
Ihe qpneral electrenuccemfigunatien s (n-2)
n-Dd ns2
They ano callad nana canth metals hucause hey
ne

nanely found in the eanths cmst

lanthoid
hemathum (lm-61) i the enly nadthactie

Mast cmmen oxidaten snte alanthanad

i +z but
ahors t2 bocause
Ce shaus t4,Eu shaa +2 Yb

thy acquure stable electrenic cenfiqurahen

Lonthanod cenacton Thenr is a steady decrease
un tho atemie and lenut
nadi with the increaje in atemic numbeA, This
bacause, -r exery addthenal baoten d thoulaus
Tho cozespendung es goes ito Ra uf- sihshall uwhuch
t o e dffuyed dss scTeen tR nucleus as effectively
a moe localsed inm shell. Hon co attractuen of
the mudlew r theoemast &'s intreaues skadily

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 6 pate

wtta the at.noa lanthanmiel and ha cdemuc

sizdacreases.Thhs ntachen in i a I qL
aglas Thsi s alled lanthanad eniachen.
AstRa censequenca al anthonoid centochen uy
cEC togethex and Roer sebaratiem u diffiault
Honerer lanthanacs cea sebanated hy en exchany
Teains en tha boAlsot h e
s t sa tRay hydated.
cattem
SE thelonthanada ama colauned due to prenca
unaired ss,hay ndnge ff tsansthen.
l 3+
amd luu3t a colourlesa
Tha lantanadat e n a
excabht 4+yhe lLa"2
and f*+yha (YL2+pu3t) ane banamagnechè
ha azamagnehsm ases de max in nodymuuum
hey are higluly elacopasihie e 0active metala Eu
mast seactie , Yb ia leaat ThQy 9r0act te al
and tom oxd Co fm Co02 b aeslst axdaten.
due to femmatem al axidea loyer en its surfae

ta03 auds H a
2ausn
S,A
H

Laz S3 tax

> LalH)3-tHa2
LaN
LaC2

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 7
Date

Uses a lanthanaida
Misclhmetal alloy a lanthanad metnlasZ)and iren
s ) and tacos o S c Ca and AL.-
Mixed oxidas lanHhanadsoa enmpla yed_as
talyst n hatolium cracking
|Seme individual Ln axdos ano usedal
intelivisiemscTee and similax uoresein9 3u7faco3.

Lanthanoid cemtactienits cause e censeqLenco

Cn going fiem La" ta L in lanthanatd sertestae
aLz atem_decraies penm io6A ts o- SA Ths
tatal decrease o 021An tha lanthanaed sertes
aallod Janthanad entactiem
Cause As_ue mave acrass the 4 f seztes fer
_cachexha buBen added wn Ro muclous
and extba 's à addecd in uf - subshell e due to pet

shielding ens 4f hy anather ldun to thei cerm-

lex aneutatien) mesent in the samesubshellR
nuclea farca ofathach'em folt by outeê s inreaa
s0 centachen o afsubshell crcna
Cmseauenco In going seo la ts Lu the siz
decreaZea, thuuu covalent chanactex bw M*3 and
increase fazan's ml smallexi tha sizn od
caten more ts polansing power amd mare B covalent
chanaclega0lendency e aolease amdecreaK homcs
a c chanacter hydraxides docreases fer tusem
reasen La Co1)3 more
haxct h a nLulot)3 utat)3 u kasti
bauc
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 COMPAR1S10 OE LANTHANOIDS ACIINOIDS
LAMTHAMOIDS ACTINOLDS

Lanthanvds anvclvte þrogrusmit Actinnds invalve þt

Fllng of 4fobtal. Th u e fllung o sfahual
qaunal electhennc cmfigurahen Thar qaneal elschenc
6S 4 f , sd cenfiquraten a 7s
tundudus 15 demusts femn s G d ' . 1t nduds
La 71
S elkmants fem
o JTh L

e l hu lanthancnda exhukts The cemmen a.s +3

cemmen stabls c.s. ef3 BAMdes t2+4, t5,t
seme lanHhonends show 0s alse eberved so chemusty
af t2 + 4 k e e Liv) not very
of actinonda
E 2 and Yb , amocta au lanthonods
Exat bematuom all All Achnnd a
Lanthanads ann nen Sadio adive
adicactie
Lanthanods cu higly Highly elechopes1hie and
elschoasitie amd hae almst actaabeng suduung
similan chamical reach v1ty agents. More 9ua chie t9

lauthanads
Lanthanods an ALLBa achnonds anu
blaud tn the gnaup 3 plaad in tha qap 3
and beisd 6.. and ad 7
 29

ACTINOI DS
he 14elements immidihBely
fallautng_actinium oa)
wth atemic na. (90- 103) ann cal0od actnoda.
hay
cemantute secemd nmn banaitiemseries. Achnium
has similar apeshe s0Lt à studed alena
wta achinonids
ALL oRem ano nadioa.ctive
Ihe elmenis afer Unanivml92) ane callod rams-
nanwm elements P_Roy ansynthetic ar manmade.
The mast cemmen_O.S. i3 t3 but thoy alo
show
+2 +4 ts t6 Oxidatien states.
Ihey anR namagnohc
Thayfem calomeed TenA.
hey erm oxa-lem3Ln highes oxldat1em state
Np0, UO
They fom T bemdad cemplexeg2
Ihanum accuNAnmonazite one alengwitHa U. Ce
ond ather lathanads. Ptehblende is man re aU_
which ala cemtainu patactnium
eThalr_omounds ana &ufently aa
They also shovo actinada conachien.
Magnahc operthesmore cemplx than lanthannda

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