Lab Report 2

Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: ceafa@g.batstate-u.edu.ph | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph
College of Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering
ME 415 – ME LABORATORY 1
LABORATORY REPORT NO. 2: VENTURIMETER
SUBMITTED BY:
GROUP NO. 1
BAJIO, JIRAH B.
BALAZON, SHAINA MAE
EVANGELISTA, NATHAN
LINGERAS, JANET
MACARAIG, KYLHA SHAYNE D.
MAULLION, MARY JOY
PACIA, CYRILL JADE
VALDEZ, KIM ISAAC
VERGARA, JENAR JOSE
ME 3106
SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. JOMARIE G. MARIQUINA
INSTRUCTOR
NOVEMBER 9, 2022
I. INTRODUCTION
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Alangilan Campus
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
In many industrial applications, measuring the flow of liquids is crucial. Accurate
flow measurements are so crucial in some processes that they might be the difference
between profit-making and losing money. In other circumstances, incorrect flow
measurements or a failure to take measures can have major or even deadly consequences.
The flow rate is calculated inferentially by monitoring the liquid's velocity or the
change in kinetic energy with most liquid flow measurement equipment. The velocity of a
liquid is determined by the pressure differential that forces it through a pipe or conduit.
Because the pipe's cross-sectional area is known and constant, the average velocity
indicates the flow rate.
A venturi meter is a measuring or meter device that is typically used to measure the
flow of a fluid in a pipe. A venturi meter can also be used to boost the velocity of any sort
of fluid in a pipe at any location. It is based on the premise of Bernoulli's Theorem. The
pressure in a fluid traveling through a tiny cross-section lowers abruptly, causing the flow
velocity to increase. The fluid with high-pressure and low-velocity characteristics is
converted to low pressure and high velocity at a certain spot before returning to high
pressure and low velocity.
The venturi meter has a constriction within it. As a function of flow rate, the pressure
differential between the upstream and downstream flows, h, can be calculated. Applying
Bernoulli's equation to the venturi meter's points and connecting the pressure difference
to the flow rate yields.

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II. OBJECTIVES
1. To be familiar with devices that measure flow rate.
2. To determine the actual discharge and coefficient discharge of the fluid flow in
three different elbow angles.
3. To find the theoretical discharge of fluid flow in three different elbow angles.
III. MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENTS
Venturimeter. This instrument gauges the rate at which a liquid or gas flows
through a conduit. A venturimeter uses two distinct locations to gauge pressure
differences. The converging part, the throat, and the diverging part make up its three
primary components. These three sections are arranged in a methodical sequence.
a. Converging parts. Where the venturimeter's cross section first adopts a
conical form. The cross-sectional area of this segment diminishes from the
beginning to the end.
b. Cylindrical throat. After converging at the converging portion, the fluid
passes through the cylindrical throat that is situated in the middle of the
venturi meter. The throat's diameter remains consistent throughout its whole.
The diverging component is attached to one end of the neck while the
converging section is connected to the other end. Typically, the throat's
diameter is half that of the pipe.
c. Diverging part. The converging part is connected to the other end of the neck,
and it is attached to the other. The diameter of the throat is typically half that
of the pipe. The venturi meters termination is the part that diverges. It is
connected to the throat on one side and the output port, which is coupled to the

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pipe, on the other. In the diverging segment, the cross-sectional area increases
gradually.
d. Two pressure tappings, often referred to as holes, on the venturi meter are
used to measure pressure. One is at the neck and another is adjacent to the
intake section before the fluid reaches the convergence part.
Laboratory Timer. Precisely measure time for procedures and lab work that
require precise operations. With time-sensitive products, having a faulty or inefficient
timer can make all the difference in the final product.
Steel ruler. Type of straight edge measuring tool that measures actual sizes in
either imperial or metric measurements and for drawing straight lines, but we used it
to measure and identify the height of the water at the water tank.
IV. PROCEDURE
1. Prepare and test the Channel flow demonstrating device; ensure that the first valve
is open so that water flows constantly.
2. Set the second valve to perpendicular and then partially open it.
3. Open the pump and wait 30 seconds before turning it off.
4. Record the inlet and throat pressures and permit the water to flow completely
before obtaining a reading of the water level.
5. Adjust the second valve, turn on the pump once more, and wait another 30
seconds before turning it off.

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7. Adjust the second valve and reopen the pump for the third time, then wait for
another 30 seconds before turning it off.
9. Compute the actual discharge, theoretical discharge, and coefficient discharge
using the following formulas.
Actual Discharge (Qa)
Theoretical Discharge (Qt)
Note: A1 - cross-sectional area of inlet
A2 - cross-sectional area of throat
g - Gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/s^2)
H – Pressure Difference
Coefficient Discharge (Cd)
10. Formulate a conclusion.

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V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1
No. Pressure Water Time Actual Theoretical Coefficient of

Difference in m Rise (hw) Taken (t) Discharge Discharge (Qt) in Discharge (Cd)
in m in sec (Qa) in m /s
3
m /s 3
Inlet Throat

1 37.8917 36.556 0.030 30 2.0414 x 10 -4

1.2269 x 10 -3
0.1664
2 29.5286 26.714 0.050 30 3.4024 x 10 -4

1.7811 x 10 -3
0.1910
3 23.7614 19.684 0.109 30 7.4171 x 10 -4

2.1437 x 10 -3
0.3460
The table above depicts the gathered data on the three trials depending on the
way of opening the valve for the flow of water in the venturimeter. The first trial
gathered a 37.8917 m pressure from the inlet and 36.556 m pressure from the throat
after the alloted time of 30 seconds. The water rises at 0.030 m. On the second trial,
the pressure gauge from the inlet reads 29.5286 m and 26.714 m from the throat. The
water rises at 0.050 m after 30 seconds. On the third trial, the pressure gauge reads
23.7614 m from the inlet and 19.684 m from the throat. The water rises at 0.109 m
after 30 seconds. This implies that on the third trial, the readings of the pressure gauge
go lower because the water is running out to the tank.
Meanwhile, the actual discharge of water released for each trial has been
computed through getting the product of cross sectional area and the water rise, over
the time taken to carry out the process. For the first trial, multiplying first the area of

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the sump pit tank, 0.2041 m2 to the water rise of 0.030m over the constant time of 30
seconds yields a discharge of 2.0414 x 10-4 m3/s. Following the same procedure for
the remaining trials just with the varying water rise of 0.050 m for the second trial and
0.109 m for the third, trial 2 gets an actual discharge of 3.4024 x 10-4 m3/s and
7.4171 x 10-4 m3/s for the last one.
For the theoretical discharge which focuses on the ideal values disregarding
any losses, it could be obtained through getting first the cross sectional area of both
inlet and throat in m2 using its designated diameters which were 30 mm for the inlet
and 17 mm for the throat. These areas were multiplied to the square root of the
product of twice the gravitational acceleration and the pressure difference. The value
yielded would then be divided by the square root of the difference of the squared of
the sectional area of the inlet and the squared of the cross sectional area of the throat.
With this process to be exhibited in computing the trials, the first trial arrived with a
theoretical discharge of 1.2269 x 10-3 m3/s, while the second trial got a computed
discharge of 1.7811 x 10-3 m3/s. Lastly, as well with the same procedure, the third
trial has a theoretical discharge of 2.1437 x 10-3 m3/s.
The coefficient of discharge got computed through the ratio of actual and
theoretical flow rate wherein this dimensionless value must not be greater than one.
With this, the calculated coefficient of discharge for the first trial is 0.1664 followed
by 0.1910 for the second trial and 0.3460 for the third trial.

Alangilan Campus
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
VI. CONCLUSION
With the carried-out procedures on utilizing and operating a venturimeter, it
can therefore be concluded that the venturimeter is capable of measuring flow rate by
reducing cross-sectional area of flow path and creating pressure difference. There is
also an inverse proportionality between the area and velocity wherein as the area
increases, the velocity decreases and vice versa. Meanwhile, between the velocity and
pressure, a sudden increase in velocity would cause a sudden decrease in pressure of
water. Another one that has been observed is that the process in using the venturi
meter is susceptible to human error considering that the difference in pressure is
determined only by looking at it.
Also, it can be perceived that the coefficient can never be greater than one,
because that would mean that the process ended up with more energy than how it
started with. The actual discharge will always be less than the theoretical discharge.
This parameter is useful for determining the irrecoverable losses associated with a
certain piece of equipment in a fluid system, or the resistance being imposed upon the
flow.

Alangilan Campus
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
VII. DOCUMENTATION
Readings at Pressure Gauge

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Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221

Alangilan Campus
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221

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Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives

In many industrial applications, measuring the flow of liquids is crucial. Accurate

between profit-making and losing money. In other circumstances, incorrect flow

indicates the flow rate.

velocity to increase. The fluid with high-pressure and low-velocity characteristics is

pressure and low velocity.

to the flow rate yields.

Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives

1. To be familiar with devices that measure flow rate.

three different elbow angles.

III. MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENTS

through a conduit. A venturimeter uses two distinct locations to gauge pressure

primary components. These three sections are arranged in a methodical sequence.

a. Converging parts. Where the venturimeter's cross section first adopts a

beginning to the end.

b. Cylindrical throat. After converging at the converging portion, the fluid

converging section is connected to the other end. Typically, the throat's

diameter is half that of the pipe.

Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives

intake section before the fluid reaches the convergence part.

require precise operations. With time-sensitive products, having a faulty or inefficient

timer can make all the difference in the final product.

is open so that water flows constantly.

3. Open the pump and wait 30 seconds before turning it off.

before obtaining a reading of the water level.

seconds before turning it off.

before obtaining a reading of the water level.

Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives

another 30 seconds before turning it off.

before obtaining a reading of the water level.

9. Compute the actual discharge, theoretical discharge, and coefficient discharge

using the following formulas.

Actual Discharge (Qa)

Theoretical Discharge (Qt)

Note: A1 - cross-sectional area of inlet

A2 - cross-sectional area of throat

g - Gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/s^2)

Coefficient Discharge (Cd)

10. Formulate a conclusion.

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V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

No. Pressure Water Time Actual Theoretical Coefficient of

1 37.8917 36.556 0.030 30 2.0414 x 10 -4

2 29.5286 26.714 0.050 30 3.4024 x 10 -4

3 23.7614 19.684 0.109 30 7.4171 x 10 -4

go lower because the water is running out to the tank.

Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives

7.4171 x 10-4 m3/s for the last one.

trial has a theoretical discharge of 2.1437 x 10-3 m3/s.

Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives

With the carried-out procedures on utilizing and operating a venturimeter, it

pressure, a sudden increase in velocity would cause a sudden decrease in pressure of

meter is susceptible to human error considering that the difference in pressure is

determined only by looking at it.

Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives

Readings at Pressure Gauge

Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives

Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives

Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives