Response of a Damped System Under Harmonic Force

Response of a Damped System Under Harmonic Force

 𝒊𝒘𝒕
Response of a Damped System Under 𝑭 𝒕 = 𝑭𝟎 𝒆
If the harmonic forcing function represented in complex form
𝑭 𝒕 = 𝑭𝟎 𝒆𝒊𝒘𝒕

Multiply by
The conjugate

∵ where

Thus the steady-state solution

 𝒊𝒘𝒕
Response of a Damped System Under 𝑭 𝒕 = 𝑭𝟎 𝒆
Frequency Response
rewritten as

Where 𝐻(𝑖𝜔) is known as the complex frequency response of the

system. The absolute value of 𝐻(𝑖𝜔) given by

∵
 𝒊𝒘𝒕
Response of a Damped System Under 𝑭 𝒕 = 𝑭𝟎 𝒆
Complex Vector Representation of Harmonic Motion
Differentiate with respect to time

∵
The velocity leads the displacement by phase angle 𝜋 2 and that it is multiplied by 𝜔.
∵
The acceleration leads the displacement by the phase angle 𝜋 and it is multiplied by 𝜔2
 Response of a Damped System Under the Harmonic
Motion of the Base
 Sometimes the base or support of a spring-mass-damper system
undergoes harmonic motion, as shown.
 Let 𝑦(𝑡) denote the displacement of the base and 𝑥(𝑡) the displacement
of the mass from its static equilibrium position at time t.
 Then the net elongation of the spring is 𝑥 − 𝑦 and the relative velocity
between the two ends of the damper is 𝑥 − 𝑦.
 From the free-body diagram, we obtain the equation of motion:

If
Or where
 This shows that giving excitation to the base is equivalent to applying a
harmonic force of magnitude A to the mass.

where
 Response of a Damped System Under the Harmonic
Motion of the Base
Using trigonometric
identities

Where

The ratio of the amplitude of the response 𝑥𝑝 (𝑡) to that of the base motion 𝑦(𝑡) ,
𝑋
is called the displacement transmissibility 𝑇𝑑 =
𝑌
 Response of a Damped System Under the Harmonic
𝑋
Motion of the Base
The variation of 𝑇𝑑 = with damping ratio (𝜁) and frequency ratio (𝑟) are shown
𝑌
 The value of 𝑇𝑑 is unity at 𝑟 = 0 and close to unity for
small values of 𝑟.
 For an undamped system ζ = 0 , 𝑇𝑑 → ∞ at resonance
𝑟=1
 The value of 𝑇𝑑 is less than unity (𝑇𝑑 < 1) for values of
𝑟 > 2 (for any amount of damping 𝜁).
 The value of 𝑇𝑑 is unity for all values of 𝜁 at 𝑟 = 2
 For 𝑟 < 2 smaller damping ratios lead to larger values
of 𝑇𝑑 , on the other hand,
 For 𝑟 > 2 smaller values of damping ratio lead to
smaller values of 𝑻𝒅
 The displacement transmissibility, 𝑇𝑑 attains a maximum
for 0 < 𝜁 < 1 at frequency ratio 𝑟 = 𝑟𝑚 < 1
given by (see Problem 3.60):
 Response of a Damped System Under the Harmonic
Motion of the Base

The variation of phase angle (𝜙) with

damping ratio (𝜁) and frequency ratio
(𝑟) are shown
 Response of a Damped System Under the Harmonic
Motion of the Base
Force Transmitted
A force, F, is transmitted to the base or support due to the
reactions from the spring and the dashpot.
∵

Note that the

∵ transmitted force is in
phase with the motion
of the mass x(t).

𝐹𝑇
The ratio is known as the force transmissibility
𝑘𝑌
 Response of a Damped System Under the Harmonic
Motion of the Base
Relative Motion
If 𝑧 = (𝑥 − 𝑦) denotes the motion of the mass relative to the
base, the equation of motion
Example
The figure shows a simple model of a motor vehicle that can vibrate in the vertical direction
while traveling over a rough road. The vehicle has a mass of 1200 kg. The suspension system has
a spring constant of 400 kN/m and a damping ratio of 𝜁 = 0.5. If the vehicle speed is 20 km/hr,
determine the displacement amplitude of the vehicle. The road surface varies sinusoidally with
an amplitude of 𝑌 = 0.05 and a wavelength of 6 m.
 Homework # 3

3.52 , 3.55 , 3.59 , 3.61 , 3.62