SR NEET STAR SUPER CHAINA PHASE-1 REVISION ASSIGNMENTS 202-23

SUBJECT: PHYSICS
Chapter : THERMODYNAMICS
===================================================
1. A metal sphere of radius r and specific heat S is rotated about an axis passing
through its centre at a speed of n rotations per second. It is suddenly stopped and
50% of its energy is used in increasing its temperature. Then, the rise in
temperature of the sphere is
5 (  rn )
2
2 2 n 2 r 2  2 n2 7 2 2
1) 2) 3)  r n S 4)
5S 10r 2 S 8 14 S
KEY: 1
2
Sol. Moment of inertia of a sphere, I = mr 2
5
1 12 2
Given  = 2 rn rad / sec KE = I  2 = mr  ( 2 n )
2

2 25
4
= m 2 r  n2
5
4 1
Half of this energy is converted into heat dQ = m 2 r 2 n2 
5 2
1 dQ
Specific heat S =
m dT
dQ
dT =
mS
2
m 2 r 2 n 2
dT = 5
mS
2 r n
2 2 2
dT =
5S
2. How many calories of heat will approximately be developed by a 210 watt bulb in
5 minute?
1) 25kcal 2) 15 kcal 3) 63 kcal 4) 15 cal
KEY: 2
Sol. 210 watt means 210 J/s(as watt=joule/sec}, so heat generated by the bulb in 5
minute,
J 
210    ( 5  60s ) = 63 103 J
s
Now as 4.2J is equivalent to 1cal of heat, the heat generated by the bulb in 5
minute in cal will be

=
( 63 103 )
= 15  103 cal = 15kcal
4.2
3. In order to save energy suppose you decide to boil water for your tea by shaking it
in a thermos flask. Suppose you use (1/2) kg of tap water at 200 C and water falls
0.4m in each shake and you make 30 shake each minute. Neglecting any loss of
heat by the flask, calculate how long must you shake the flask so that water
begins to boil? Given that g = 10m / s 2 and specific heat of water is 4200J/kg
1) 1day 2) 2days 3) 4days 4) 8days
KEY: 2
Sol. Mechanical energy lost by water per shake
1
= mgh =   (10 )( 0.4 ) = 2 J
2
As number of shake per sec is (30/60)
1
ME lost per sec = 2    = 1J / s
2
Now heat required to boil (1/2) kg water of 200 C
1
Q = mcT =   ( 4200 )(100 − 20 ) = 168kJ
2
As energy is supplied to the water at the rate of 1 J/s, time taken for boiling
water
168000 J 168000
= = 1.94  2days
J 24  60  60
1 
s
4. A lead bullet just melts when stopped by an obstacle. Assuming that 25% of heat
is absorbed by the obstacle, find the minimum velocity of the bullet if its initial
temperature is 270 C .[Melting point of lead = 3270 C ; Specific heat to lead=0.03
cal/g C 0 ; Latent heat of fusion of lead=6 cal/g and J = 4.2 J / cal ]
1) 210m/s 2) 520 m/s 3) 410 m/s 4) 4 km/s
KEY: 3
Sol. If mass of the bullet is m g, heat absorbed by it to raise its temperature from
270 C to 3270 C
mcT = m  0.03 (327 − 27) = 9mcal
And heat required by the bullet to melt
mL = m  6 = 6mcal
So, total heat required by the bullet
Q1 = (9m + 6m) = 15m cal
= (15m  4.2) J [as 1cal = 4.2 J ]
Now when bullet is stopped by the obstacle loss in its mechanical energy
ME = ( m  10−3 ) 2 J
1
as mg = m 10−3 kg 
2
As 25% of this energy is absorbed by the obstacle, the energy absorbed by the
bullet
75 1
Q2 =  m 2  10−3
100 2
3
= m 2  10 −3 J
8
Now the bullet will melt if
Q2  Q1
3
i.e., = m 2  10−3  15m  4.2
8
 i.e.,   ( 4  4.2 ) 102
or min = 410 m/ s
5. A copper block of mass 2.5 kg is heated in a furnace to a temperature of 5000 C
and then placed on a large ice block. What is the maximum amount of ice that
can melt?( Specific heat of copper is 0.39 J/gm)
1) 1.5kg 2) 2.5 kg 3) 3.5 kg 4) 4.5kg
KEY: 1
Sol. By principle of calorimetry
MS  = mL
MS 
m=
L
2.5  0.39 103  500
m= = 1.5kg
335 103
6. If the density of water 1gm cm−3 changes to 6.25 10−4 gm cm−3 when 1gm of water is
converted to vapour, then the work done against 1 atmospheric pressure of 105 Pa
is
1) 160J 2) 625J 3) 312.5J 4) 82.3J
KEY: 1
Sol.  PdV = P(V2 − V1 )
 1 
105  −4
10−6 − 110−6   160
 6.25 10 
7. Variation of internal energy with density of one mole of monatomic gas is depicted
in the adjoining figure, corresponding variation of pressure with volume can be
depicted as (Assuming the curve is rectangular hyperbola)
U


P
P P P

v v v v
1) 2) 3) 4)
KEY: 4
P RT
Sol. Since U = constant, =  P = constant since  is increasing, therefore V is
 M
decreasing
8. The P-V diagram of 2 gm of helium gas for a certain process A → B is shown in the
figure. what is the heat given to the gas during the process A → B
P

2P0
B

P0 A

V0 2V0 V
 (1) 4 PV
o o (2) 6 PV
o o (3) 4.5 PV
o o (4) 2 PV
o o

KEY: 2
Sol. Change in internal energy from A→B is
f f
U = R T = (Pf V f − Pi Vi )
2 2
3 9
= (2 P0  2 V0 − P0  V0 ) = P0 V0
2 2
Work done in process A→B is equal to the Area covered by the graph with volume
axis i.e.,
1 3
W A→B =(P0 + 2 P0 )  (2 V0 − V0 ) = P0 V0
2 2
9
Hence, Q = U + W = P0 V0 + 3 P0 V0 = 6 P0 V0
2 2
9. A gas mixture consists of 3 moles of oxygen and 5 moles of argon at temperature
T. Considering only translational and rotational modes, the total internal energy of
the system is
1) 12 RT 2) 15 RT 3) 20 RT 4) 4 RT
KEY: 2
n f RT
Sol. Internal energy of a gas with f degree of freedom is U = , where n is the
2
number of moles.
n f RT 5
Internal energy due to O2 gas which is a diatomic gas is U1 = 1 1 = 3  RT
2 2
( n1 = 3 moles, degree of freedom for a diatomic gas f1 = 5 )
n f RT 3
Internal energy due to Ar gas which is a monoatomic gas is U 2 = 2 2 = 5  RT
2 2
( n2 = 5 moles, degree of freedom for a monoatomic gas f 2 = 3 )
 Total internal energy = U1 + U 2
 U = 15 RT
10. An ideal gas occupies a volume of 2m3 at a pressure of 3 106 Pa. The energy of the
gas is
1) 6 104 J 2) 108 J 3) 9 106 J 4) 3102 J
KEY: 3
3 3
Sol. For ideal gas, internal energy, E = nRT = p.V ( from pV = nRT )
2 2
3
Substituting the given values, we get =  3  10  2 = 9  10 J
6 6

2
11. Half-mole of an ideal monoatomic gas is heated at constant pressure of 1 atm from
20° C to 90° C. Work done by gas is close to (Take, gas constant, R=8.31 J/mol-K)
1) 291 J 2) 581 J 3) 146 J 4) 73 J
KEY: 1
Sol. Work done by gas during heat process at constant pressure is given by W = pV
Using ideal gas equation,
pV = nRT
 pV = nRT
So, W = nRT ....(i )
1
Now, it is given that, n = and T = 900 C − 200 C = 363K − 293K = 70K
2
And R (gas constant) = 8.31J/mol-K
 Substituting these values in Eq. (i), we get
1
W =  8.31 70 = 290.85 J
2
W 291J
12. The specific heat of hydrogen gas at constant pressure is CP = 3.4  103 cal / kg o C and at
constant volume is CV = 2.4  103 cal / kg o C. If one kilogram hydrogen gas is heated from
10 o C to 20 o C at constant pressure, the external work done on the gas to maintain it
at constant pressure is
(1) 10 5 cal (2) 10 4 cal (3) 10 3 cal (4) 5  10 3 cal
KEY: 2
Sol. (2) From FLOT Q = U + W
Work done at constant pressure (W )P = (Q)P − U
(Q )P − (Q )V (As we know (Q )V = U )
Also (Q)P = mc P T and (Q)V = mc V T
 (W ) P = m (c P − c V )T
 (W)P = 1  (3.4  103 − 2.4  103 )  10 = 104 cal
13. In a thermodynamic process, pressure of a fixed mass of a gas is changed in such a
manner that the gas molecules gives out 20 J of heat and 10 J of work is done on
the gas. If the initial internal energy of the gas was 40 J, then the final internal
energy will be
(1) 30 J (2) 20 J (3) 60 J (4) 40 J
KEY: 3
Sol. (3) Q = U + W = (Uf − Ui) + W
 30 = (U f − 40) + 10  U f = 60 J
13. If the ratio of specific heat of a gas at constant pressure to that at constant volume
is  , the change in internal energy of a mass of gas, when the volume changes from
V to 2V constant pressure p, is
(1) R /( − 1) (2) pV (3) pV /( − 1) (4) pV /( − 1)
KEY: 3
 R 
Sol. (3)U = CV T = n  T
  −1 
PV P(2V − V ) PV
 U = = =
( − 1)  −1 ( − 1)
14. A perfect gas goes from state A to another state B by absorbing 8  10 5 J of heat and
doing 6 .5  10 5 J of external work. It is now transferred between the same two states in
another process in which it absorbs 10 5 J of heat. Then in the second process

(1) Work done on the gas is 0 .5  10 5 J (2) Work done by gas is 0 .5  10 5 J

(3) Work done on gas is 10 J 5
(4) Work done by gas is 10 5 J
KEY: 1
Sol. (1) In first process using Q = U + W
 8  10 5 = U + 6.5  10 5  U = 1.5  10 J
Since final and initial states are same in both process
So U will be same in both process
For second process using Q = U + W
 10 5 = 1.5  10 5 + W  W = −0 .5  10 5 J
15. One mole of helium is adiabatically expanded from its initial state (Pi , Vi , Ti ) to its final
state (Pf , Vf , Tf ) . The decrease in the internal energy associated with this expansion is
equal to
 1
(1) CV (Ti − Tf ) (2) CP (Ti − Tf ) (3) (C P + C V )(Ti − T f ) (4) (CP − CV )(Ti − Tf )
2
KEY: 1
Sol. (1) U = CV T = 1  CV (Tf − Ti) = − CV (Ti − Tf )
 |U| = CV (Ti – Tf)
16. Unit mass of a liquid with volume V1 is completely changed into a gas of volume V2 at
a constant external pressure P and temperature T. If the latent heat of evaporation
for the given mass is L, then the increase in the internal energy of the system is

(1) Zero (2) P(V2 − V1 ) (3) L − P(V2 − V1 ) (4) L

KEY: 3
Sol. (3) Q = V + PV  mL = U + P(V2 –V1)
 U = L – P (V2 – V1) ( m = 1)
17. Which relation is correct for isometric process
(1) Q = U (2) W = U (3) Q = W (4) None of these
KEY: 1
Sol. (1) For isochoric process V = 0  W = 0
From FLOT Q = U + W  Q = U
18. For a reversible process, necessary condition is
(1) In the whole cycle of the system, the loss of any type of heat energy should be
zero
(2) That the process should be too fast
(3) That the process should be slow so that the working substance should remain in
thermal and mechanical equilibrium with the surroundings
(4) The loss of energy should be zero and it should be quasistatic
KEY: 4
Sol. (4) For a reversible process  dQ = 0
T
19. The P-V diagram shows seven curved paths (connected by vertical paths) that can be
followed by a gas. Which two of them should be parts of a closed cycle if the net
work done by the gas is to be at its maximum value
P a
b
c
d
e
f
g
V
(1) ac (2) cg (3) af (4) cd
KEY: 3
Sol. (3) Area enclosed between a and f is maximum. So work done in closed cycles follows
a and f is maximum.
20. Consider a process shown in the figure. During this process the work done by the
system
P

B
A

(1) Continuously increases (2) Continuously decreases

(3) First increases, then decreases (4) First decreases, then increases
KEY: 1
Sol. (1) As the volume is continuously increasing and the work of expansion is always
positive, so the work done by the system continuously increases.
21. A system goes from A to B via two processes I and II as shown in figure. If U1 and
U2 are the changes in internal energies in the processes I and II respectively, then
P

II

A B
I
V

1) UII  UI 2) UII  UI

3) UI = UII
4) Relation between UI and UII can not be determined
KEY: 3
Sol. As internal energy is a point function therefore change in internal energy does not
depends upon the path followed i.e. UI = UII
22. For one complete cycle of a thermodynamic process on a gas as shown in the P-V
diagram, Which of following is correct( ΔEint = change in internal energy, Q is net
heat)
P
A

C B
V
1) Eint = 0, Q  O 2) Eint = 0, Q  0 3)  Eint  0, Q  0 4)  Eint  0, Q  0
KEY: 1
Sol. E int = 0 , for a complete cycle and for given cycle work done is negative, so from first
law of thermodynamics Q will be negative i.e. Q  0 .
24. An ideal gas of mass m in a state A goes to another state B via three different
processes as shown in figure. If Q1, Q2 and Q 3 denote the heat absorbed by the gas
along the three paths, then
P A

3
2
1

B
V

1) Q1  Q2  Q3 2) Q1  Q2 = Q3 3) Q1 = Q2  Q3 4) Q1  Q2  Q3
KEY: 1
Sol. Initial and final states are same in all the process.
Hence U = 0; in each case.
By FLOT; Q = W = Area enclosed by curve with volume axis.
 (Area)1< (Area)2 < (Area)1 Q1<Q2<Q3 .
25. A vessel contains helium, which expands at constant pressure when 15 kJ of heat
is supplied to it. What will be the variation of the internal energy of the gas? What
is the work performed in the expansion?
1) 2 kJ, 12kJ 2) 6 kJ, 9kJ 3) 9kJ, 6 kJ 4) 8 kJ, 5Kj
KEY: 3
Sol. Here Q = 15000J ( given )
 Q = C p T
U = Cv T
W = RT

26. A gas is compressed from a volume of 2m3 to a volume of 1m3 at a constant

pressure of 100 N/m2. Then it is heated at constant volume by supplying 150 J of
energy. As a result, the internal energy of the gas:
1) Increases by 250 J 2) Decreases by 250 J
3) Increases by 50 J 4) Decreases by 50 J
KEY: 1
Sol. As we know,
Q = u + w (1st law of thermodynamics )
 Q = u + Pv
150 = u + 100 (1 − 2 ) = u − 100
u = 150 + 100 = 250 J
Thus the internal energy of the gas increase by 250 J
27. In a cyclic process shown in the figure an ideal gas is adiabatically taken from B to
A, the work done on the gas during the process B → A is 30 J, when the gas is
taken from A → B the heat absorbed by the gas is 20 J. The change in internal
energy of the gas in the process A → B is

1) 20 J 2) – 30 J 3) 50 J 4) – 10 J
KEY: 2
Sol. WBA = −30 J
QBA = 0
U BA = −WBA = 30 J
Now U AB = −U BA = −30 J

28. Certain amount of an ideal gas is contained in a closed vessel. The vessel is
moving with a constant velocity v. The molecular mass of gas is M. The rise in
temperature of the gas when the vessel is suddenly stopped is ( = CP / CV )
 Mv 2 (  − 1) Mv 2 (  − 1) Mv 2 Mv 2
1) 2) 3) 4)
2 R (  + 1) 2R 2R ( + 1) 2 R ( − 1)
KEY: 2
1 2
Sol. If m is the total mass of the gas, then its kinetic energy = mv
2
When the vessel is suddenly stopped, total kinetic energy will increase the
temperature of the gas (because process will be adiabatic), i.e.,
1 2
mv =  CV T
2
m
= CV T
M
m R 1
 T = mv 2
M  −1 2
 R 
 As CV =
  − 1 
Mv 2 (  − 1)
 T =
2R

29. One mole of an ideal diatomic gas undergoes a transition from A to B along a path
AB as shown in the figure,

The change in internal energy of the gas during the transition is :

1) –20 kJ 2) 20 J 3) –12 kJ 4) 20 KJ
KEY: 1

Sol.

30. A system is taken from state A to state B along two different paths, 1 and 2. The
heat absorbed and work done by the system along these two paths are Q1 and Q 2
and W1 and W2 respectively
1) Q1 = Q 2 2) W1 = W2
3) Q1 − W1 = Q 2 − W2 4) Q1 + W1 = Q 2 + W2
KEY: 3
Sol. Change in internal energy is a state function
31. A mono atomic gas is supplied the heat Q very slowly keeping the pressure
constant. The work done by the gas will be
2 3 2 1
1) Q 2) Q 3) Q 4) Q
3 5 5 5
KEY: 3
 (Q )V 
Sol. Q = U + W  W = (Q )P − U = (Q)P 1 − 
 (Q )P 
 C   3 2
= (Q)P 1 − V  = Q = 1 −  = Q
 C P   5  5
5
 (Q )P = Q and  = for monatomic gas
3

32. A gas expands with temperature according to the relation V = kT 2 / 3 . What is the
work done when the temperature changes by 30 o C
1) 10 R 2) 20 R 3) 30 R 4) 40 R
KEY: 2
 
RT
Sol. W = PdV = dV
V
2
Since V = kT 2 / 3  KT −1 / 3 dT
dV =
3
dV 2 dT
Eliminating K , we find =
V 3 T
T2 2 RT 2 2
Hence W =
T1 3 T 
dT = R(T2 − T1 ) = R(30 ) = 20 R
3 3
34. A gas undergoes a change of state during which 100 J of heat is supplied to it and
it does 20 J of work. The system is brought back to its original state through a
process during which 20 J of heat is released by the gas. The work done by the gas
in the second process is
1) 60 J 2) 40 J 3) 80 J 4) 20 J
KEY: 1
Sol. In a cyclic process U = 0  Q = W
 (100 − 20 ) = 20 + W2  W2 = 60 J
35. P-V diagram of an ideal gas is as shown in figure. Work done by the gas in process
ABCD is
P

C D
2P0

P0
B A
V
V0 2V0 3V0

1) 4 P0 V0 2) 2 P0 V0 3) 3 P0 V0
4) P0 V0

KEY: 3
Sol. WAB = − P0 V0 , WBC = 0 and WCD = 4 P0 V0
 WABCD = − P0 V0 + 0 + 4 P0 V0 = 3 P0 V0

36. A gas can be taken from A to B via two different processes ACB and ADB.

When path ACB is used 60 J of heat flows into the system and 30 J of work is
done by the system. If path ADB is used work done by the system is 10 J the heat
flow into the system in path ADB is
1) 80 J 2) 40 J 3) 100 J 4) 20 J
KEY: 2
Sol. For the path ABC as shown in the figure below

37. A resistance ‘R’ connected to an external battery is put inside an adiabatic cylinder
containing an ideal gas as shown. The piston can move along cylinder length
without friction and atmospheric pressure is P0 . The constant speed ‘v’ by which
piston of area of cross-section A should be moved so that temperature of gas do
 02
not change is [ Power radiated through resistor is R ]

2 02 8  02  02  02
1) 2)  3) 4)
3P0 AR 5 P0 AR 2P0 AR P0 AR
KEY: 4
Sol. dQ = dU + dW
 dQ dU dW
= +
dt dt dt
PA

PA

du
Temperature do not change. Hence =0
dt
dQ dw
 =
dt dt
Thus, i 2 R = (P0A)(v)
0 2
i=  0 = P0A.(v)
R R
  2
v= 0 
 P0 AR 
38. In the P-V diagram shown in figure ABC is a semicircle. The work done in the
process ABC is

 
1) zero 2) atm − L 3) − atm − L 4) 4atm − L
2 2
KEY: 2
Sol. WAB is negative (volume is decreasing) and WBc is positive (volume is increasing)
and since, WBC > WAB

Net work done is positive and area between semicircle which is equal to atm-L.
2
39. A thermodynamic process is shown in the figure. The pressures and volumes
corresponding to some points in the figure are : PA = 3  10 4 Pa, PB = 8  10 4 Pa and
VA = 2  10 −3 m 3 , VD = 5  10 −3 m 3
In process AB, 600 J of heat is added to the system and in process BC, 200 J of
heat is added to the system. The change in internal energy of the system in
process AC would be
P B C

A D
O V
1) 560 J 2) 800 J 3) 600 J 4) 640 J
KEY: 1
Sol. By graph W AB = 0 and
−3
WBC = 8  10 [5 − 2]  10
4
= 240 J
 W AC = W AB + W BC = 0 + 240 = 240 J
Now, Q AC = Q AB + Q BC = 600 + 200 = 800 J
From FLOT Q AC = U AC + W AC
  800 = U AC + 240  U AC = 560 J .
40. Two moles of a monoatomic ideal gas is taken from A to C through path ABC. If
temperature at A is T0 then for process ABC

1) Work done by gas is 2RT0 2) Temperature at C is 2T0

3) Change in internal energy of the gas is 8RT0
4) Heat absorbed by the gas is 10RT0
KEY: 1
40. For (1):
W = WAB + WBC = P0 ( 2V0 − V0 ) + 0 = PV
0 0 = 2RT0

For (2) :
PAVA = nRTA and PCVC = nRTC
PV 
 TC =  C C  TA = 4T0
 PAVA 
For (3):
Change in internal energy
3 
U = nCV T = 2  R  ( 3T0 ) = 9 RT0
2 
For (4):
Q = W + U ;
We have , Q = 2 RT0 + 9 RT0 = 11RT0
41. Some of the thermodynamic parameters are state variables while some are
process variables. Some grouping of the parameters are given. Choose the correct
one
1) State variables: Temperature, Number of moles
Process variables: Internal energy, work done by the gas
2) State variables: Volume, temperature
Process variables: Internal energy, work done by the gas
3) State variables: Work done by the gas, heat rejected by the gas
Process variables: Temperature, volume
4) State variables: Internal energy, volume
KEY: 4
Process variables: Work done by the gas, heat absorbed by the gas
Sol Internal energy and volume depend upon states
42. A sample of gas follows process AB as shown in the figure . Then which of the
following is incorrect about AB?
 1) U = 0 2) W  0 3) Q = W 4) U  0
KEY: 4
Sol. ( PV ) A = ( PV )B , T= constant  U = 0
From first law Q = W and W  0 , as the gas expands
43. One mole of a monoatomic ideal gas is taken through a cycle ABCDA as shown
in P-V diagram. Column-II gives the characteristics involved in the cycle. Match
them with each of the process given in Column-I

Column-I Column-II
i) Process A → B p) internal energy
decreases
ii) Process B → C q) Internal energy
increases
iii) Process C → D r) Heat is lost
iv) Process D → A s) Heat is gained
t) Work is done on the
gas
1) (i)-p,r,t (ii) -p,r (iii)-q,s(iv)-r,t 2) (i)-q,r,t (ii) -p,r (iii)-q,s(iv)-r,t
3) (i)-q,r,t (ii) -p,q (iii)-q,t(iv)-s,t 4) (i)-p,r (ii) -p,q (iii)-q,s(iv)-r,t
KEY: 1
Sol. For (i) V decreases at constant P, hence T decreases
For (ii) P decreases at constant V, hence T decreases
For (iii) V decreases at constant P, hence T decreases
For (iv) in this situation TD = T4
44. During the melting of a slab of ice at 273K at atmosphere pressure
i) Positive work is done by the ice-water system on the atmosphere
ii) Positive work is done on the ice-water system on the atmosphere
iii) The internal energy of the ice-water system increases
iv) The internal energy of the ice-water system decreases
1) ii, iii 2) iii, iv 3) i, ii 4) i, ii, iii, iv
KEY: 1
Sol. During melting of ice at 273K, the ice melts to water and there is a decrease in
volume. Hence atmosphere will do positive work
 Positive work is done on ice-water system by the atmosphere and the internal
energy of the ice-water system increases
45. For a given process with an enclosed one mole of monoatomic ideal gas the
variation of its pressure (P) with its volume (V) is as shown in the graph AB. If the
temperature of the gas at A is T0 K , then

i) The temperature at B is 2T0 K

ii) The temperature at B is 4T0 K
iii) Work done by gas from A to B is 1.5J
iv) The change in internal energy of the gas is 4.5RT0
1) ii, iii, iv 2) iii, iv 3) i, ii, iii 4) I, ii, iii, iv
KEY: 1
Sol. For process AB, P  V so T  V 2  TB = 4T0
1
Work done = Area of P-V graph= 1 1 +  1 1 = 1.5 J
2
3
Change in internal energy= nCV (TB − TA ) = 1 R  ( 4T0 − T0 ) = 4.5 RT0
2
46. An ideal gas goes from state A to state B via three different processes as indicated
in the P-V diagram. If Q1 , Q2 , Q3 indicate the heat absorbed by the gas along the
three processes and U1 , U 2 , U 3 indicate the change in internal energy along the
three processes respectively, then

1) Q1 = Q2 = Q3 and U1  U 2  U 3 2) Q3  Q2  Q1 and U1  U 2  U 3

3) Q1  Q2  Q3 and U1 = U 2 = U 3 4) Q3  Q2  Q1 and U1 = U 2 = U 3
KEY: 3
Sol. For three paths initial and final positions are same hence, U A = U B = U C and
for path (1) area is maximum hence, Q1  Q2  Q3 because Q = W + U
47. When an ideal gas ( = 5 / 3 ) is heated under constant pressure, then what
percentage of given heat energy will be utilised in doing external work

(1) 40 % (2) 30 % (3) 60 % (4) 20 %

KEY: 1
W U nC V dT
Sol. Q = U + W  =1 − =1 −
Q Q nC P dT
W C 3 2
 = 1 − V = 1 − = = 0.4
Q CP 5 5
48. When an ideal diatomic gas is heated at constant pressure, the fraction of the heat
energy supplied which increases the internal energy of the gas, is
1) 2/5 2) 3/5 3) 3/7 *4) 5/7
KEY: 4
Sol. Fraction of supplied energy which increases the internal energy is given by
U ( Q )V CV T 1
f = = = =
( Q )P ( Q )P CPT 
7 5
For diatomic gas  =  f =
5 7
49. How much heat energy should be added to the gaseous mixture consisting of 1g of
hydrogen and 1 g of helium to raise its temperature from 0°C to 100°C at constant
volume
1) 325 cal 2) 450 cal 3) 612 cal 4) 800 cal
KEY: 1
Sol. As hydrogen is diatomic and has molecular weight 2,
5
( CV ) H = R
2
1
H =
2
While He is monatomic and has molecular weight 4,
3
( CV ) He = R
2
1
 He =
4
So, by conservation of energy, we get
 (C ) +  (C ) +
( CV )mix = 1 V 1 2 V 2
1 + 2
1 5 1 3
 R+  R
=2 2 4 2 = 13 R
1 1 6
+
2 4
So,
( Q )V = CV T =  +    2  (100 − 0 )
1 1 13
2 4 6
= 325 cal
50. Calculate the specific heat capacity CV of a gaseous mixture consisting of n1 , moles
of a gas of adiabatic exponent  1 and n2 moles of another gas of adiabatic exponent
2.
( n1 = 4, n2 = 5, 1 = 1.4,  2 = 1.5)
9R 18 R 20 R 10 R
1) 2) 3) 4)
10 5 9 3
KEY: 3
Sol. The internal energy of an ideal gas of mass m is given by
pV
U=
 −1
Internal energy is an extensive property.
 PmixV = ( n1 + n2 ) RT
PV
1 = n1 RT
PV
2 = n2 RT
1 1  n1 n 
 =  + 2 
 − 1 n1 + n2   1 − 1  2 − 1 
R R  n1 n 
Cv =  Cv =  + 2 
 −1 n1 + n2   1 − 1  2 − 1 
R  4 5 
=  + 
4 + 5  1.4 − 1 1.5 − 1 
20 R
=
9
c c
51. If p and v denote the specific heats of nitrogen per unit mass at constant
pressure and constant volume respectively, then
R R
1) c p − cV = 2) c p − cV = 3) c p − cV = R 4) c p − cV = 28R
28 14
KEY: 1
R R
Sol. Mayer formula c p − cV = =
M 28
52. A gas has molar heat capacity c = 37.35 J mol −1K −1 in the process PT=constant .
Find the number of degrees of freedom of molecules in the gas

Sol. For one mole of an ideal gas,

PV = RT and PT = K (Constant)
K RT RT 2
P= and V = =
T P K
2RT
So, dV = dT
K
 Work done, when temperature changes from T to (T + dT ) ,
T + dT
K 2 RT
dW =  PdV =  . dT
T
T K
= 2RdT
Now, dQ = dU + dW
CdT = CV dT + 2 RdT
37.35 R 5
 CV = C − 2 R = − 2R = R
8.3 2
 n 
Hence, degree of freedom, n = 5  CV = 2 R 
53. A vertical hollow cylinder contains an ideal gas. The gas is enclosed by a 5 kg
movable pision with area of cross section 5 10−3 m2 . Now the gas is heated from
300K to 350K and the piston rises by 0.1m. The piston is now clamped at this
position and the gas cooled back to 300K. Find the difference between the heat
energy added during the heating process and the energy lost during the cooling
process (1atm = 105 N / m2 )
KEY: 1
Sol. Initially when the gas is heated, pressure remains constant
So, ( Q)P = CP T = U + W .........(1)
Now when the piston is clamped, volume becomes constant. So heat withdrawn
( Q)V = CV T = U.........( 2)
So the difference between heat added and removed,
( Q)P − ( Q)V = ( U + W ) − U = W = PV
 Mg 
But here P =  P0 + and V = A  0.1
 A 
So, ( Q)P − ( Q)V = ( P0 A + Mg )  0.01
i.e., So, ( Q )P − ( Q )V = 105  5 10−3 + 5 10  0.1 = 55J
54. The volume of air increases by 5% in its adiabatic expansion. The percentage
decrease in its pressure will be
(1) 5% (2) 6% (3) 7% (4) 8%
KEY: 3
Sol. PV  = K or P V  −1dV + dP. V  = 0
dP  dV 
or dP = −
dV
or  100 = −   100 
P V P  V 
= −1.4  5 = 7%
55. The temperature of a hypothetical gas increases to 2 times when compressed
adiabatically to half the volume. Its equation can be written as
(1) PV 3 / 2 = constant (2) PV 5 / 2 = constant
(3) PV 7 / 3 = constant (4) PV 4 / 3 = constant
KEY: 1
Sol. TV  −1 = constant
 −1  −1
V  1 1
 T1 =  2  or   =
T2  V1  2 2

  − 1 = 1 or  = 3
2 2
 PV = constant
3/2

56. Two samples A and B of a gas initially at the same pressure and temperature are
compressed from volume V to V/2 (A isothermally and B adiabatically). The final
pressure of A is
(1) Greater than the final pressure of B (2) Equal to the final pressure of B
(3) Less than the final pressure of B (4) Twice the final pressure of B
KEY: 3
Sol. A is compressed isothermally, hence
V
P1 V = P2  P2 = 2 P1
2
andB is compressed adiabatically, hence

V
P1 V  = P2    P2 = (2) P1
2
 Since   1 , hence P2 '  P2 or P2  P2
57. A container of volume 1m 3 is divided into two equal compartments by a partition.
One of these compartments contains an ideal gas at 300 K. The other
compartment is vacuum. The whole system is thermally isolated from its
surroundings. The partition is removed and the gas expands to occupy the whole
volume of the container. Its temperature now would be
(1) 300 K (2) 239 K (3) 200 K (4) 100 K
KEY: 1
Sol. (1) This is the case of free expansion and in this case W = 0 , U = 0 so temperature
remains same i.e. 300 K.
58. For free expansion of the gas which of the following is true
(1) Q = W = 0 and  E int = 0 (2) Q = 0, W  0 and E int = −W
(3) W = 0, Q  0, and  E int = Q (4) W  0, Q  0 and E int = 0
KEY: 1
Sol. (1) Q = W = 0 and  E int = 0

59. When an ideal gas in a cylinder was compressed isothermally by a piston, the work
done on the gas was found to be 1.5  104 joules . During this process about
(1) 3.6  10 3 cal of heat flowed out from the gas
(2) 3.6  10 3 cal of heat flowed into the gas
(3) 1.5  10 4 cal of heat flowed into the gas
(4) 1.5  10 4 cal of heat flowed out from the gas
KEY: 1
Sol. (1) In isothermal compression, there is always an increase of heat. which must flow
out the gas.
Q = U + W  Q = W ( U = 0)
1.5  10 4
 Q = −1.5  10 4 J = cal = −3.6  10 3 cal
4.18
60. The latent heat of vaporisation of water is 2240 J/gm. If the work done in the
process of expansion of 1 g is 168 J, then increase in internal energy is
(1) 2408 J (2) 2240 J 3) 2072 J (4) 1904 J
KEY: 3
Sol. (3) Q = U + W  U = Q − W = 2240 − 168 = 2072 J .
61. If a cylinder containing a gas at high pressure explodes, the gas undergoes
(1) Reversible adiabatic change and fall of temperature
(2) Reversible adiabatic change and rise of temperature
(3) Irreversible adiabatic change and fall of temperature
(4) Irreversible adiabatic change and rise of temperature
KEY: 3
Sol. (3) Gas cylinder suddenly explodes is an irreversible adiabatic change and work
done against expansion reduces the temperature.
62. The pressure and density of a diatomic gas ( = 7 / 5) change adiabatically from (P, d) to
d' P'
(P', d'). If = 32 , then should be
d P
(1) 1/128 (2) 32 (3) 128 (4) None of the above
KEY: 3
Sol. (3) Volume of the gas V = m and using PV  = constant
d
 
P'  V   d ' 
We get =   =   = (32)7 / 5 = 128
P  V'   d 
63. One gm mol of a diatomic gas ( = 1.4 ) is compressed adiabatically so that its
temperature rises from 27 o C to 127 o C . The work done will be
 (1) 2077.5 joules (2) 207.5 joules (3) 207.5 ergs (4) None of the above
KEY: 1
Sol. (1) W = R (T1 − T2 )
 −1
8 . 31  {(273 + 27 ) − (273 + 127 )}
= = −2077 .5 joules
1 .4 − 1
1
64. If  = 2 .5 and volume is equal to times to the initial volume then pressure P' is
8
equal to (Initial pressure = P)
(1) P' = P (2) P' = 2 P (3) P' = P  (2)15 / 2 (4) P' = 7 P
KEY: 3

P2  V1  P'
Sol. (3) =   = (8 )5 / 2  P' = P  (2)15 / 2
P1  V2  P
65. A monoatomic ideal gas, initially at temperature T1 , is enclosed in a cylinder fitted
with a frictionless piston. The gas is allowed to expand adiabatically to a
temperature. T 2 by releasing the piston suddenly. If L 1 and L 2 are the lengths of the
gas column before and after expansion respectively, then T1 / T 2 is given by
2/3 2/3

L  L1 L2 
L 
(1)  1  (2) (3) (4)  2 
 L2  L2 L1  L1 
KEY: 4
5 2
 −1 −1
 −1  −1 T V  L A3 L 3
Sol. (4) T1V1 = T2 V2  1 =  2  =  2  =  2 
T2  V1   L1 A   L1 
66. The temperature of a hypothetical gas increases to 2 times when compressed
adiabatically to half the volume. Its equation can be written as
(1) PV 3 / 2 = constant (2) PV 5 / 2 = constant (3) PV 7 / 3 = constant (4) PV 4 / 3 = constant
KEY: 1
Sol. (1) TV  −1 = constant
 −1  −1
T1  V2  1 1
 =   or   =
T2  V1  2 2

 1
 − 1 = or  =
3
 PV 3 / 2 = constant
2 2
67. Two cylinders A and B fitted with pistons contain equal amounts of an ideal
diatomic gas at 300 K. The piston of A is free to move while that of B is held fixed.
The same amount of heat is given to the gas in each cylinder. If the rise in
temperature of the gas in A is 30 K, then the rise in temperature of the gas in B is
1) 30 K 2) 18 K 3) 50 K 4) 42 K
KEY: 4
Sol. In both cylinders A and B the gases are diatomic ( = 1.4) . Piston A is free to move
i. e. it is isobaric process. Piston B is fixed i. e. it is isochoric process. If same
amount of heat Q is given to both then
( Q)isobaric = ( Q)isochoric
 CP ( T ) A = C ( T )B
CP
 ( T ) B = ( T ) A =  ( T ) A = 1.4  30 = 42K
C
68. The relation between internal energy U, pressure P and volume V of a gas in an
adiabatic process is U = a + bPV . Where a and b are constants. What is the effective
value of adiabatic constant  ?
a b +1 a +1 b
1) 2) 3) 4)
b b a a
KEY: 2
Sol. For an adiabatic process
0 = dU + PdV
d ( a + bPV ) + PdV = 0
bPdV + bVdP + pdV = 0
dV dP
( b + 1) + b = 0
V P
(b + 1)log V + b log P = constant
V b +1 p b = constant
b +1
PV = constant
b

b +1
 =
b
69. A graph of pressure versus volume for an ideal gas for different processes is as
shown. In the graph curve OC represents

1) Isochoric process 2) Isothermal process

3) Isobaric process 4) Adiabatic process
KEY: 4
Sol. In the graph

Curve OC represent adiabatic process (steeper than OB)

8
70. An ideal gas at 270 C is compressed adiabatically to of its original volume. If
27
5
 = , then the rise in temperature is
3
1) 450 K 2) 375 K 3) 225 K 4) 405 K
KEY: 2
Sol
.
 −1 5
−1
2
T2  V1   27  3  27  3
=   T2 = 300   = 300  
T1  V2   8   8 
2

 27  
1/3
 3
2

= 300    = 300   = 675K

 8  
   2
 T = 675 − 300 = 375 K
a
71. An ideal monoatomic gas is taken through a process PV = const. The value of 'a'
for which specific heat capacity of the gas is zero is :-
1) 5/3 2) 7/5 3) 2/3 4) 4/3
KEY: 1
Sol.
72. An ideal gas expands isothermally from a volume V1 to V2 and then compressed to
original volume V1 adiabatically. Initial pressure is P1 and final pressure is P3 . The
total work done is W. Then
C
P3

P1
A
P2 B

E(V1) D(V2) V

1) P3  P1 , W  0 2) P3  P1 , W  0 3) P3  P1 , W  0 4) P3 = P1 , W = 0
KEY: 3
Sol. From graph it is clear that P3  P1 .
Since area under adiabatic process (BCE4) is greater than that of isothermal
process (ABDE). Therefore net work done
W = Wi + (−WA )  WA  Wi  W  0
73. The volume of air increases by 5% in its adiabatic expansion. The percentage
decrease in its pressure will be
1) 5% 2) 6% 3) 7% 4) 8%
KEY: 3
Sol. PV  = K or P V  −1dV + dP. V  = 0
dP dV dP  dV 
or = − or  100 = −   100 
P V P  V 
= −1.4  5 = 7%
74. The temperature of a hypothetical gas increases to 2 times when compressed
adiabatically to half the volume. Its equation can be written as
1) PV 3 / 2 = constant 2) PV 5 / 2 = constant
3) PV 7 / 3 = constant 4) PV 4 / 3 = constant
KEY: 1
Sol. TV  −1 = constant
 −1  −1
T1  V2 
or  
1 1
 =  =
T2  V1  2 2

 1
 − 1 = or  =
3
 PV 3 / 2 = constant
2 2
75. P-V plots for two gases during adiabatic process are shown in the figure. Plots 1
and 2 should correspond respectively to
P

2
V
1) He and O 2 2) O 2 and He 3) He and Ar 4) O 2 and N 2
KEY: 2
Sol. In adiabatic process, slope of PV-graph.
 |Slope|  
dP P
= −
dV V
From the given graph (Slope)2 > (Slope)1   2   1
therefore 1 should correspond to O2 ( = 1.4) and 2 should correspond to He ( =
1.66)
76. Which of the accompanying PV, diagrams best represents an isothermal process
 P P P P

V V V V
1) 2) 3) 4)
KEY: 2
1
Sol. In isothermal process P .
V
Hence graph between P and V is a hyperbola
77. In the following figure, four curves A, B, C and D are shown. The curves are

P P
A

B
C
D

1) Isothermal for
V A and D while adiabatic
V for B and C
2) Adiabatic for A and C while isothermal for B and D
3) Isothermal for A and B while adiabatic for C and D
4) Isothermal for A and C while adiabatic for B and D
KEY: 4
Sol. Adiabatic curves are more stepper than isothermal curves
78. Four curves A, B, C and D are drawn in fig. for a given amount of gas. The curves
which represent adiabatic and isothermal changes are

1) C and D, respectively 2) D and C, respectively

3) A and B, respectively 4) B and A, respectively
KEY: 3
Sol. As we know that slopes of isothermal and adiabatic curves are always negative and
slope of adiabatic curve is always greater than that of isothermal curve, in the
given graph curves A and curve B represent adiabatic and isothermal changes,
respectively
79. Three samples of the same gas A, B and C ( = 3 / 2) initially have equal volume.
Now the volume of each sample is doubled. The process is adiabatic for A,
isobaricfor B and isothermal for C. If the final pressures are equal for all the three
samples, the ratio of their initial pressures is
1) 2 2 : 2 :1 2) 2 2 :1: 2 3) 2 :1: 2 4) 2 :1: 2
KEY: 2
Sol. Let the initial pressure of the three samples be PA , PB and PC then
PA (V ) = ( 2V ) P  PA = P ( 2 )
3/2 3/2 3/2

For B, PB = P
PC (V ) = P ( 2V )  PC = 2 P
 PA : PB : PC = ( 2 ) :1: 2 = 2 2 :1: 2
3/2

80. For a gas undergoing an adiabatic process, the relation between temperature and
volume is found to be TV0.4=constant. This gas must be:
 1) hydrogen 2) helium 3) carbon dioxide 4) argon
KEY: 1
Sol. From the adiabatic relation
TV  −1 = constant
Here  − 1 = 0.4
Which gives  = 1.4
81. During an adiabatic process, the pressure of a gas is found to be proportional to
C
the cube of absolute temperature. The ratio p for the gas is
Cv
1) 4/3 2) 2 3) 5/3 4) 3/2
KEY: 4
Sol. Given, that p  T 3
pT −3 = constant ….. (i)
Also for adiabatic process, pV  = constant
But pV = RT (ideal gas law)
RT
V=
p

 RT 
 p  = constant
 p 
p1− T  = constant

1−
pT = constant …… (ii)
Equating Eq. (i) and (ii), we get

= −3
1− 
 = −3 + 3
2 = 3
3
 =
2
Cp 3
=
Cv 2
82. For an adiabatic expansion of a mono atomic perfect gas, the volume increases by
24%. What is the percentage decrease in pressure?
1) 24% 2) 40% 3) 48% 4) 71%
KEY: 2
Sol. As we know that
pV  = K
pV  + p V  −1V = 0
 p   V 
   = −  
 p   V 
For monoatomic gas,
5
=
3
p 5
 =  24% = 40%
p 3
83. In the following P-V diagram two adiabatics cut two isothermals at temperatures T1
Va
and T2 (fig.). The value of will be
Vd
P

a b T1
d c
T2

Va Vd Vb Vc V

Vb Vc Vd
1) 2) 3) 4) Vb Vc
Vc Vb Va
KEY: 1
Sol. For adiabatic process T1 Vb −1 = Constant
 −1
T2  Vb 
For bc curve T1 Vb −1 = T2 Vc −1 or = 
T1  Vc 

…..(i)
 −1
T2  Va 
For ad curve T1 Va −1 = T2 Vd −1 or = 
T1  Vd 
…..(ii)
Vb Va
From equation (i) and (ii) =
Vc Vd
84. One mole of an ideal gas is carried through a thermodynamic cycle as shown in
the figure. The cyclic process consists of an isochoric, and isothermal and an
adiabatic process. Find adiabatic exponent of gas

5 In 5 4 In 6
1) 2) 3) 4)
3 In 3 3 In 3
KEY: 4
Sol. BC is isothermal
V0
3P0  V1 = P0  V0  V1 =
3
Now AC is adiabatic

 V0  P
3P0   = 0 (V0 )


3 2
In 6
 =
In 3
85. Two samples of air A and B having same composition and initially same
temperature T. Pressure P and Volume V are taken
A and B may be made to undergo following process
Case-1: A and B are compressed from volume V to volume V/2. A is compressed
isothermally while B is compressed adiabatically. The final pressures are PAC and
PBC respectively
 Case-II: A and B are allowed to undergo expansion from volume V to volume 2V.
A undergoes adiabatic expansion while B undergoes adiabatic expansion. The
final pressure of A and B are PAE and PBE respectively
Which of the following is correct?
1) PAC = PBC and PAE = PBE 2) PAC = PAE and PBC = PBE
3) PAC  PBC and PAE  PBE 4) PAC  PBC and PAE  PBE
KEY: 4
Sol.

86. Ideal gas at pressure P undergoes free expansion from its initial volume of 1.01
litre to 10.1 litre. The final pressure of the gas is?
P
1) P (10) 
P
2) 3) 10P 4)
10 10
KEY: 4
Sol. Free expansion, dW = 0 and dQ = 0
 Temperature=Constant
 1.01  P
 PV1 1 = PV
2 2  P2 = P  =
 10.1  10
87. In the following indicator diagram, the net amount of work done will be

1) Positive 2) Negative 3) Zero 4) Infinity

KEY: 2
Sol. The cyclic process 1 is clockwise where as process 2 is anticlockwise. Clockwise
area represents positive work and anticlockwise area represents negative work.
Since negative area (2) > positive area (1), hence net work done is negative
88. A thermodynamic system undergoes a cyclic process ABCDA as shown in figure.
The work done by the system is
 P
C B
3P0

2P0 O

P0
A D
V
V0 2V0

P0 V0
(1) P0 V0 (2) 2 P0 V0 (3) (4) Zero
2
KEY: 4
Sol. WBCOB= – Area of triangle BCO = − P0 V0
2
P0 V0
WAODA= + Area of triangle AOD = +
2
89. Six moles of an ideal gas perfomrs a cycle shown in figure. If the temperature are TA
= 600 K, TB = 800 K, TC = 2200 K and TD = 1200 K, the work done per cycle is
P B C

A
D

(1) 20 kJ (2) 30 kJ (3) 40 kJ (4) 60 kJ

KEY: 3
Sol. (3) Processes A to B and C to D are parts of straight line graphs of the form y = mx
Also P = R T ( = 6)
V
 P  T. So volume remains constant for the graphs AB and CD
P
P2 B TB =800 K TC = 2200 K
P2 C
VB
VC
TA =600 K TD =1200 K
P1
A VA D
VD

T
So no work is done during processes for A to B and C to D i.e., WAB = WCD = 0 and WBC =
P2(VC – VB) = R (TC – TB)
= 6R (2200 – 800) = 6R  1400 J
Also WDA = P1 (VA – VD) = R(TA – TB)
= 6R (600 – 1200)= – 6R  600 J
Hence work done in complete cycle
W = WAB + WBC + WCD + WDA
= 0 + 6R  1400 + 0 – 6R  600
= 6R  900 = 6  8.3  800  40 kJ
90. Heat energy absorbed by a system in going through a cyclic process shown in
figure is
V (litre)
30

10

10 30 P (kPa)

1)107 J 2) 104 J 3) 102 J 4) 10 −3 J

KEY: 3
Sol. In a cyclic, U = 0
 2
 20 
From FLOT,  Q = U + W = 0 + W = Area of closed curve  Q = r2   kPa  litre
 2 
= 100   10 3  10 −3 J = 100 J
91. A cyclic process ABCA is shown in the V-T diagram. Process on the P-V diagram is
V

C B

A
T
P C P
B

A
A C
B
1) V 2) V

P P
A
A B

C B
C
3) V 4) V
KEY: 3
Sol. From the given VT diagram,
In process AB, V  T  Pressure is constant (As quantity of the gas remains
same)
In process BC, V = Constant and in process CA,
T = constant
 These processes are correctly represented on PV diagram by graph (3)
92. Carnot cycle (reversible) of a gas represented by a Pressure-Volume curve is shown
in the diagram
Consider the following statements
I. Area ABCD = Work done on the gas
II. Area ABCD = Net heat absorbed
III. Change in the internal energy in cycle = 0
Which of these are correct
P
A
B

D
C
V
1) I only 2) II only 3) II and III 4) I, II and III
KEY: 2
Sol. Work done by the gas (as cyclic process is clockwise)  W = Area ABCD
So from the first law of thermodynamics Q (net heat absorbe4) = W = Area
ABCD
93. A monoatomic ideal gas undergoes a cyclic process ABCDEA as shown in the P-V
diagram. (BC is isothermal and PV 3 1  PV
1 3 ). Then which of the following curve(s) is

/are correctly converted?

 1) 2) *3) 4)
KEY: 3
Sol. 3 1  PV
PV 1 3  TA  TD

94. A thermodynamic system is taken through the cycle ABCD as shown in figure.
Heat rejected by the gas during the cycle is

1
1) PV 2) PV 3) 2PV 4) 4PV
2
KEY: 3
Sol. In cyclic process , U = 0
So, Q = W = − ( 2P − P )(3V − V ) = −2PV
Heat rejected = −Q = 2PV
95. Consider a cycle followed by an engine figure
1 to 2 is isothermal
2 to 3 is adiabatic
3 to 1 is adiabatic

Such a process does not exist because

i) Heat is completely converted to mechanical energy in such a process, which is
not possible
ii) Mechanical energy is completely converted to heat in this process, which is not
possible
iii) Curves representing two adiabatic processes don’t intersect
iv) Curves representing an adiabatic process and an isothermal process don’t
intersect
1) i, iii 2) iii, iv 3) i ,ii, iii 4) ii, iv
KEY: 1
Sol. Which statement is incorrect?
 1) All reversible cycles have same efficiency
2) Reversible cycle has more efficiency than an irreversible one
3) Carnot cycle is a reversible one
4) Carnot cycle has the maximum efficiency in all cycles
KEY: 1
96. A reversible engine converts one-sixth of the heat input into work. When the
temperature of the sink is reduced by 62°C, the efficiency of the engine is doubled.
The temperatures of the source and sink are
(1) 80°C, 37°C (2) 95°C, 28°C (3) 90°C, 37°C (4) 99°C, 37°C
KEY: 4
 T  W 1
Sol. Initially  =  1 − 2  = = ...(i)
 T1  Q 6
 T2 '   (T − 62)  T 62
Finally  ' =  1 −  = 1 − 2
 
 =1− 2 +

 T1   T1  T1 T1
62
= + ....(ii)
T1
It is given that ' = 2. Hence solving equation (i) and (ii)
 T1 = 372 K = 99C and T2 = 310 K = 37C
97. A Carnot engine whose low temperature reservoir is at 7°C has an efficiency of
50%. It is desired to increase the efficiency to 70%. By how many degrees should
the temperature of the high temperature reservoir be increased
(1) 840 K (2) 280 K (3) 560 K (4) 380 K
KEY: 4
T1 − T2
Sol. Initially =  0.5 = T1 − (273 + 7)
T1 T1
1 T1 − 280
 =  T1 = 560 K
2 T1
T '−T T ' − (273 + 7)
Finally 1 ' = 1  2  0.7 = 1   T1 ' = 933 K
T1 T1
increase in temperature = 933 − 560 = 373K  380 K
98. A Carnot's engine used first an ideal monoatomic gas then an ideal diatomic gas. If
the source and sink temperature are 411 o C and 69 o C respectively and the engine
extracts 1000 J of heat in each cycle, then area enclosed by the PV diagram is

(1) 100 J (2) 300 J (3) 500 J (4) 700 J

KEY: 3
T2 (273 + 69)
Sol. (3)  =1− =1− = 0.5
T1 (273 + 411)
 Work done =   Q = 0 .5  1000 = 500 J
99. A Carnot’s engine is made to work between 200°C and 0°C first and then between
0°C and –200°C. The ratio of efficiencies of the engine in the two cases is
(1) 1.73 : 1 *(2) 1 : 1.73 (3) 1 : 1 (4) 1 : 2
KEY: 2
T2 (273 + 0) 200
Sol. (2) In first case 1 = 1 − =1− =
T1 (273 + 200) 473
(273 − 200) 200
In second case 2 = 1 − =
(273 + 0) 273
1
 =
1
= 1 : 1 .73
 2  473 
 
 273 
100. A Carnot engine takes 3  106 cal . of heat from a reservoir at 627°C, and gives it to a
sink at 27°C. The work done by the engine is
(1) 4.2  10 6 J (2) 8.4  10 6 J (3) 16 .8  10 6 J (4) Zero
KEY: 2
 T1   (273 + 27) 
Sol. (2)  =1 −
T2 W
=  W = 1 −  Q = 1 −
 
T1 Q  T2   (273 + 627) 

 W = 1 − 300   3  106 = 2  106  4.2 J = 8.4  106 J

 900 
101. In a mechanical refrigerator, the low temperature coils are at a temperature of –
23°C and the compressed gas in the condenser has a temperature of 27°C. The
theoretical coefficient of performance is
(1) 5 (2) 8 (3) 6 (4) 6.5
KEY: 1
Sol. (1) Coefficient of performance K=
T2
T1 − T2
(273 − 23) 250 250
= = = =5
(273 + 27) − (273 − 23) 300 − 250 20
102. An ideal heat engine operates on Carnot cycle between 227°C and 127°C. It
absorbs 6 10 cal at the higher temperature. The amount of heat converted into
4

work equals to
1) 4.8 104 cal 2) 3.5 104 cal 3) 1.6 104 cal 4) 1.2 104 cal
KEY: 4
T2 W
Sol. n = 1− =
T1 Q1
100 W
 = = w = 1.2  104 cal
500 6 10 4

103. A reversible engine converts one-sixth of the heat input into work. When the
temperature of the sink is reduced by 62°C, the efficiency of the engine is doubled.
The temperatures of the source and sink are
1) 80°C, 37°C 2) 95°C, 28°C 3) 90°C, 37°C 4) 99°C, 37°C
KEY: 4
 T  W 1
Sol. Initially  =  1 − 2  = = ...(i)
 T1  Q 6
 T2 '   (T − 62)  T 62
Finally  ' =  1 −  = 1 − 2  =1− 2 +
 T1   T1 
 T1 T1
62
= + ....(ii)
T1
It is given that ' = 2. Hence solving equation (i) and (ii)
 T1 = 372 K = 99 C and T2 = 310 K = 37 C
104. A Carnot engine whose low temperature reservoir is at 7°C has an efficiency of
50%. It is desired to increase the efficiency to 70%. By how many degrees should
the temperature of the high temperature reservoir be increased
1) 840 K 2) 280 K 3) 560 K 4) 380 K
KEY: 4
T −T T1 − (273 + 7)
Sol. Initially  = 1 2  0 .5 =
T1 T1
1 T1 − 280
 =  T1 = 560 K
2 T1
T '−T T ' − (273 + 7)
Finally 1 ' = 1  2  0.7 = 1   T1 ' = 933 K
T1 T1
 increase in temperature = 933 − 560 = 373K  380 K
105. A carnot engine takes 2000J of heat from a reservoir at 500K, dose some work, &
discards some heat to a reservoir at 350K. How much work does it do& what is
the efficiency?

1) 1400J, 30% 2) 600J, 20% 3) 1400J, 20% 4) 600J, 30%

KEY: 4
Sol. From equation for carnot engine QC /QH = TC /TH
 QC = 1400J
 w = QH − QC = 600J
 = W/QH = ( 600 /2000)  100% = 30%
106. Two Carnot engines A and Bare operated in series. The first one, A receives heat at
T1 (=600 K) and rejects to a reservoir at temperature T2 . The second engine B
receives heat rejected by the first engine and in turn rejects to a heat reservoir at T3
( = 400 K). Calculate the temperature T2 if the work outputs of the two engines are
equal.
1) 600 K 2) 500 K 3) 400 K 4) 300 K
KEY: 2
Sol. Q1 − Q2 = Q2 − Q3
Q1 + Q3 = 2Q2
Q1 Q3
+ =2
Q2 Q2

107. A Carnot freezer takes heat from water at 0°C inside it and rejects it to the room at
a temperature
of 27°C. The latent heat of ice is 336 103 J kg–1. If 5 kg of water at 0°C is converted
into ice at 0°C by the freezer, then the energy consumed by the freezer is close to:
1) 1.51105 J 2) 1.68 106 J 3) 1.71107 J 4) 1.67 105 J
KEY: 4
Sol. H = mL = 5  336 103 = Qsink
Qsink T
= sink
Qsource Tsource
Tsource
 Qsource =  Qsink
Tsink
Energy consumed by freezer
 Woutout = Qsource − Qsink
T 
= Qsink  source − 1
 Tsink 
Given : Tsource = 27 C + 273 = 300 K ,
0

Tsink = 00 C + 273 = 273K

 300 
Woutput = 5  336 103  − 1 = 1.67 105 J
 273 
108. An engine operates by taking n moles of an ideal gas through the cycle ABCDA
shown in figure. The thermal efficiency of the engine is: (Take CV =1.5 R, where R
is gas constant)

1) 0.24 2) 0.15 3) 0.32 4) 0.08

KEY: 2
Sol. Work done (W) = PV 0 0

According to principle of calorimetry

Heat given = QAB + QBC = nCV dTAB + nCP dTBC
3 5
= ( nRTB − nRTA ) + ( nRTC − nRTB )
2 2
3 5
= ( 2 PV 0 0)+
0 0 − PV ( 4 PV 0 0)
0 0 − 2 PV
2 2
13
= PV 0 0
2
Thermal efficiency of engine
W 2
( ) = = = 0.15
Qgiven 13
 5
109. A carnot engine uses first an ideal monoatomic gas   =  and then an ideal
 3
 7
diatomic gas   =  as its working substance. The source and sink temperature
 5
are 411 C and 69 C respectively and the engine extracts 1000J of heat from the
0 0

source in each cycle, then

1) Efficiencies of the engine in the two cases are in the ratio 21:25
2) Area enclosed by the P-V diagram in only the first case is 500J
3) Area enclosed by the P-V diagram in both cases is 500J
4) Heat rejected to the sink in the first case is 600J while that in the second case
is 713J
KEY: 3
T W
Sol.  = 1− 2 =
T1 Q1
Re T1 , T2 and Q1 are same for both so W will be same
  T   342 
W = Q1 1 − 2  = 1000 1 −  = 500 J
 T1   684 
110. A heat engine employing a Carnot cycle with an efficiency of  = 10% is used as a
refrigerating machine, the thermal reservoirs being the same. The refrigerating
efficiency  is
1
1) 12 2) 8 3) 4) 9
10
KEY: 4
1 1
Sol. = − 1 = −1 = 9
 0.1
111. One of the most efficient engines ever developed operated between 2100K and
700K. Its actual efficiency is 40%. What percentage of its maximum possible
efficiency is (approx)
1) 40% 2) 60% 3) 75% 4) 90%
KEY: 2
Sol. T1 = 2100 K and T2 = 700 K
 T2  700
max = 1 −  = 1−
 T1  2100
1 2
= 1 − = = 66.6%
3 3
Given  (Actual)=40%
actual 40
The percentage maximum efficiency = 100 = 100 = 60%
max 66.6