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Gastritis Di Ruang
Diunggah oleh Septian Yoga Permana pada Jul 17, 2021

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Klinik Pradhita
Medica
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Jul 17, 2021
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NYERI AKUT BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN AGEN PENCEDERA
FISIOLOGIS PADA PASIEN GASTRITIS DI RUANG SADEWA KLINIK
PRADHITA MEDICA

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EONIMY TOCHO[MAMC

EMTJYMC TOCLMA_E_MC LMC M[_AMC GOTOYMXM\MC

Msuamc Gopormwmtmc Cyorf Mgut Iorauiuchmc Lochmc Mhoc Tockolorm @fsfjejhfs

Tmlm Tmsfoc Hmstrftfs Lf Yumch [mlowm Gefcfg Trmlaftm Nolfkm

\oema lfsmagmc pmlm2

Amrf 2
\mchhme 2

Nmamsfswm

([optfmc Vjhm Tornmcm)

 CFN. =69;4;=49=64

Tonifnifch Emamc Tonifnifch Fcstftusf

 ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ  (Cs. Curue Aulm, [.Tsf., [.Gop., N.[f.)

 CFT. =684469< =66;49 = 44=

Nochotmauf
Gjjrlfcmtjr Trjhrmn [tulf Lfpejnm FFF Gopormwmtmc
_cfvorsftms Bonior Gmnpus Gjtm Tmsurumc

Cs. Curue Aulm, [.Tsf., [.Gop., N.[f.

CFT. =684469< =66;49 = 44=

EONIMY TOCHO[MAMC

EMTJYMC TOCLMA_E_MC LMC M[_AMC GOTOYMXM\MC

Msuamc Gopormwmtmc Tocurucmc Gmpmsftms Mlmptf` Fctrmgrmcfme Tmlm Tmsfoc KPM

(Koroirjvmsgueor Mkkfloct) Fc`mrg 

\oema lfsmagmc pmlm2

Amrf 2
\mchhme 2

Nmamsfswm

([optfmc Vjhm Tornmcm)

 CFN. =69;4;=49=64

Tonifnifch Emamc Tonifnifch Fcstftusf

 ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ  (Cs. Njga. [ubmrwmlf, [.Gop., N.Gop.)

 CFT. =680=9;4 =6614; = 44?

Nochotmauf
Gjjrlfcmtjr Trjhrmn [tulf Lfpejnm FFF Gopormwmtmc
_cfvorsftms Bonior Gmnpus Gjtm Tmsurumc

Cs. Curue Aulm, [.Tsf., [.Gop., N.[f.

CFT. =684469< =66;49 = 44=

EMTJYMC TOCLMA_E_MC

M. Gjcsop Hmstrftfs
=. Lo`fcfsf
Hmstrftfs mlmema pormlmchmc nugjsm emniuch ymch lmpmt iorsf`mt mgut, grjcfg,
lf`us mtmu ejgme. Nocurut pocoeftfmc soimhfmc iosmr hmstrftfs lfsoimigmc jeoa fc`ogsf
 imktorfme nugjsm emniuch ymch grjcfs. [oemfc ftu, ioiormpm imamc ymch sorfch
lfnmgmc lmpmt nocyoimigmc rusmgcym smwmr nugjsm poefcluch emniuch (Xfbmym &
Tutrf, 94=;).
Hmstrftfs mtmu tugmg emniuch ymch sorfch gftm gocme lochmc pocymgft nmmh
norupmgmc sogunpuemc goeuamc mtmu hobmem gefcfs ymch torlfrf lmrf rmsm tflmg ocmg 
mtmu smgft lf porut imhfmc mtms ymch nocotmp mtmu nochmemnf gogmniuamc gmrocm
mlmcym fc`emnmsf lmrf nugjsm emniuch (Gmpftm soeogtm goljgtormc, =666). Hmstrftfs
lftmclmf lochmc mlmcym rmlmch pmlm nugjsm ymch lftmclmf lochmc fc`fetrmsf soe
cotrj`fe mtmu fc`fetrmsf soe efn`jsft, soe pmemsnm lmc ojsfcj`fe lochmc mtmu tmcpm sfntjn
(\mniucmc,=66<).
[olmchgmc nocurut Amrrfsjc 9444, hmstrftfs mlmema fc`emnmsf nugjsm emniuch
lmc iugmc norupmgmc pocymgft ymch tuchhme, mtmu eoifa topmtcym sumtu goejnpjg 
 pocymgft ymch nonpucymf poruimamc pormlmchmc pmlm nugjsm emniuch ymch smnm
totmpf kfrf gefcfs, gmrmgtorfstfg afstjejhf lmc pmtjhocftms ymch ioremfcmc.

9. Otfjejhf
Tocyoimi torbmlfcym hmstrftfs sorfch iorgmftmc lochmc ame-ame soimhmf iorfgut2
9.=. Tonmgmfmmc jimt mctf fc`emnmsf
Tonmgmfmc jimt mctf fc`emnmsf cjcstorjfl soportf mspfrfc, msmn no`ocmnmt,
mspfeot lmemn bunema iosmr. Jimt mctf fc`emnmsf cjc storjfl lmpmt nonfku
gocmfgmc prjlugsf msmn emniuch, gmrocm torbmlfcym lf`usf imefg fjc aflrjhoc go
opftoe emniuch. [oemfc ftu bocfs jimt fcf buhm nochmgfimtgmc gorusmgmc emchsuch
 pmlm opftoe nugjsm gmrocm iorsf`mt frftmtf` lmc sf`mtcym ymch msmn lmpmt
nocmnima lorbmt gomsmnmc pmlm emniuch ([ugmrnfc, 94=;)
9.9. Gjcsunsf megjaje
Imamc otmcje norupmgmc smema smtu imamc ymch lmpmt norusmg smwmr pmlm
nugjsm emniuch. Yusmgcym smwmr nonulmagmc torbmlfcym frftmsf pmlm nugjsm
emniuch (Ymamyucfchsfa, 94=4)

9.;. \oremeu imcymg norjgjg 

Msmn cfgjtfcmt pmlm rjgjg lmpmt nocfchgmtgmc mlaosf tarjniusymch
 iorgjctrfiusf pmlm pocyonpftmc poniueua lmrma soafchhm supemf lmrma go
emniuch nochmemnf pocurucmc. Tocurucmc fcf lmpmt iorlmnpmg pmlm prjlugsf
nugjsm ymch smema smtu `uchsfcym uctug noefcluchf emniuch lmrf frftmsf. [oemfc
ftu KJ ymch lfamsfegmc jeoa rjgjg eoifa nulma lffgmt Ai lmrf pmlm jgsfhoc
soafchhm nonuchgfcgmc pocurucmc por`usf bmrfchmc pmlm emniuch. Gobmlfmc
hmstrftfs pmlm porjgjg buhm lmpmt lfpfku jeoa pochmrua msmn cfgjtfcmt ymch
nocurucgmc rmchsmchmc pmlm pusmt nmgmc, porjgjg nocbmlf tmamc empmr 
soafchhm msmn emniuch lmpmt emchsuch nockorcm nugjsm emniuch iugmc
nmgmcmc gmrocm tflmg mlm nmgmcmc ymch nmsug (Ymamyucfchsfa, 94=4)
9.<. _ronfm
_roun pmlm lmrma lmpmt nonpochmruaf prjsos notmijefsno lflmemn tuiua
torutmnm smeurmc pockorcmmc (hmstrjfctostfcme uronfg). Toruimamc fcf lmpmt
nonfku gorusmgmc opftoe nugjsm emniuch (Ymamyucfchsfa, 94=4)
9.?.  Toniorfmc jimt gonjtormpf
Jimt gonjtormpf nonpucymf sf`mt lmsmr norusmg soe ymch portuniuamccym
micjrnme, porusmgmc fcf torcymtm lmpmt buhm nochocmf soe fcmch pmlm tuiua
nmcusfm. Toniorfmc gonjtormpf lmpmt buhm nochmgfimtgmc gorusmgmc emchsuch
 pmlm opftoe nugjsm emniuch.
9.0.  Fc`ogsf sfstonfg 
Tmlm fc`ogsf sfstonfg tjgsfg ymch lfamsfegmc jeoa nfgrjim mgmcnormchsmch
 pocfchgmtmc embu notmijefg ymch iorlmnpmg pmlm pocfchgmtmc mgtfvftms
emniuch lmemn nockorcm nmgmcmc. Tocfchgmtmc AKe emniuch lmemn gjclfsf
soportf fcf lmpmt nofku tfniuecym poreugmmc pmlm emniuch.
9.8.  Fsgonfm lmc syjg 
Gjclfsf fsgonfm lmc syjg afpjvjeonfm nochmckmn nugjsm emniuch gmrocm
 pocurucmc por`usf bmrfchmc emniuch ymch lmpmt nochmgfimtgmc cogrjsfs empfsmc
emniuch.
9.1.  Gjcsunsf gfnfm sokmrm jrme ymch iorsf`mt msmn/imsm
Gjcsunsf msmn nmupuc imsm ymch gumt soportf otmcje, tafcor, jimt-jimtmc
sormchhmlmc amnm tmcmnmc, bocfs gfnfm fcf lmpmt norusmg empfsmc nugjsm
lochmc kopmt soafchhm smchmt iorosfgj torbmlf porlmrmamc
9.6.  Fc`ogsf nfgrjjrhmcfsno

Gjejcf imgtorf ymch nochamsfegmc tjgsfg lmpmt normchsmch poeopmsmc hmstrfc

lmc pocfchgmtmc sogrosf msmn emniuch soportf imgtorf Aoeykjimktor pye

;. Tmtj`fsfjejhf
Nugjsm imrfor emniuch pmlm ununcym noefcluchf emniuch lmrf pockorcmmc
toramlmp emniuch ftu soclfrf, prjstmhemclfc noniorfgmc porefcluchmc fcf gotfgm
nugjsm imrfor rusmg nmgm tfniue pormlmchmc pmlm nugjsm emniuch (hmstrftfs).
[otoema imrfor fcf rusmg torbmlfema poreugmmc nugjsm ymch lfioctug lmc lfporiurug 
jeoa afstmnfc lmc stfnuemsf smrm` kajefcorhfk.Gonulfmc AKe lmpmt iorlf`usf imefg 
go lmemn nukus lmc nocyoimigmc efgm pmlm poniueua ymch gokfe, lmc
nochmgfimtgmc torbmlfcym iochgmg, porlmrmamc, lmc orjsf pmlm emniuch. Megjaje,
mspfrfc ro`eugs fsf lujlocme lfgotmauf soimhmf pochamnimt lf`usf imrfor 
Toremamc-emamc pmtjejhf ymch torbmlf pmlm hmstrftfs tornmsug gochostf vmsgueor,
olonm, pormlmchmc soe suporvfsfme. Nmcf`ostmsf pmtjejhf mwme lmrf hmstrftfs mlmema
 pocoimemc.Gonormamc pmlm nonirmc nugjsm lochmc mlmcym tjcbjemc. [obmemc
lochmc porgonimchmc pocymgft lfclfch lmc smeurmc emniuch nocfpfs lmc
nochokfe, mtrjpf hmstrfg prjhrosf` gmrocm poreugmmc nugjsm grjcfg nocyoimigmc
`uchsf soe utmnm pmrfoctme noniurug 
Gotfgm `uchsf soe sogrosf msmn noniurug, sunior-sunior `mgtjr fctrfcsfgcym
afemch.Pftmnfc I=9 tflmg lmpmt torioctug eoifa emnm, lmc pocunpugmc vftmnfc
I=9 lmemn imtms nocfpfs sokmrm normtm ymch nochmgfimtgmc mconfm ymch iormt.
Lohocormsf nuchgfc lftonugc pmlm soe utmnm lmc pmrfoctme sogrosf msmn emniuch
nocuruc sokmrm iormchsur, imfg bunema nmupuc gjcsoctrmsf msmncym smnpmf
tfchhme nukus lmc mfr. Yosfgj torbmlfcym gmcgor hmstrfg ymch iorgonimch
lgmtmgmc nocfchgmt sotmema =4 tmauc hmstrftfs grjcfg. Torlmrmamc nuchgfc torbmlf
sotoema smtu opfsjlo hmstrftfs mgut mtmu lochmc eugm ymch lfsoimigmc jeoa hmstrftfs
grjcfs (Lornmwmc & Ymamyucfchsfa, 94=4).

<. Nmcf`ostmsf Gefcfs / \mclm lmc Hobmem

Nmcf`ostmsf gefcfs iorvmrfmsf nuemf lmrf goeuamc rfchmc afchhm nuckue
 porlmrmamc smeurmc korcm imhfmc mtms imagmc pmlm ioiormpm pmsfoc tflmg 
nocfniuegmc hobmem ymch gams. Nmcf`ostmsf hmstrftfs mgut lmc grjcfg amnpfr 
smnm, soportf mcjrogsfm, rmsm pocua, cyorf opfhmstrun, nume lmc nuctma, soclmwm,
aonmtonosfs ([urmtuc lmc Eusfmima, 94=4)

\mclm lmc hobmem hmstrftfs mlmema 2

m. Hmstrftfs Mgut
=. Cyorf opfhmstrun, ame fcf torbmlf gmrocm mlmcym pormlmchmc pmlm
nugjsm emniuch.
9. Nume, goniuch, nuctma, norupmgmc smema smtu goeuamc ymch sorfch
nuckue. Ame fcf lfgmrocmgmc mlmcym rohocormsf nugjsm emniuch ymch
nochmgfimtgmc nume afchhm nuctma.
;. Lftonugmc puem porlmrmamc smeurmc korcm iorupm aonmtosfs lmc
noeocm, gonulfmc lfsusue lochmc tmclm-tmclm mconfm pmskm
 porlmrmamc.
 i. Hmstrftfs Grjcfs
Tmlm pmsfoc hmstrftfs grjcfs unucym tflmg nonpucymf goeuamc. Amcym
soimhfmc gokfe nochoeua cyorf ueu amtf, mcjrogsfm, cmuso lmc pmlm
 ponorfgsmmc `fsfg tflmg lftonugmc goemfc

?. Tmtawmy

 Aoeykjimktor pyejrf Rmt-zmt gjrjsf` [tross

Fc`ogsf Nugjsm Emniuch Rmt-zmt gjrjsf`  [tfnueus Corvus Pmhus

Yo`eogs octorfg lfclfch

emniuch

Ajrnjc hmstrfc

Tocfchgmtmc Msmn Emniuch [tfnueus soe pmrfotme

Frftmsf nugjsm emniuch

Tormlmchmc nugjsm emniuch

(Hmstrftfs)

Afporonfs  Cyorf Opfhmstun Afpjtmemnus

Nugjsm nocfpfs Mgtfvftms emniuch

Cyorf Mgut
nocfchgmt

Goafemchmc `uchsf
goeocbmr `uclus
Gjctrmgsf jtjt emniuch

Mconfm porcfsfjsm
Nmsugmc cutrfsf fcmlogumt Mcjrogsfm, Nume, Nuctma

Tocurucmc vjeuno
lmrma norma
Lo`fsft Cutrfsf Nmsugmc kmfrmc
fcmlogumt/goafemchmc kmfrmc
Tocurucmc supemy
J9 go bmrfchmc

Gosfmpmc Tocfchgmtmc
Goeonmamc @fsfg  Fctjeormcsf Mgtfvftms Gosofnimchmc Kmfrmc

Gjcsop Msuamc Gopormwmtmc

=. Tochgmbfmc
Tochgmbfmc norupmgmc tmamp mwme lmrf prjsos gopormwmtmc lmc prjsos
sfstonmtfs lmemn pochunpuemc lmtm lmrf iorimhmf sunior lmtm uctug 
nochovmeumsf lmc nochfloctf`fgmsf stmtus gosoamtmc gefoc ([otfmlf, 94=9). Lmtm
torsoiut iormsme lmrf pmsfoc (lmtm prfnor), goeumrhm (lmtm soguclor), lmc kmtmtmc
ymch mlm (lmtm torsfor). Tochgmbfmc lfemgugmc lochmc poclogmtmc prjsos
gopormwmtmc noemeuf wmwmckmrm, jisorvmsf emchsuch, lmc noefamt kmtmtmc nolfs.
Mlmpuc lmtm ymch lfporeugmc pmlm pmsfochmstrftfs ymftu soimhmf iorfgut2
m. Floctftms Gefoc
Floctftms gefoc noefputf cmnm, unur, bocfs goemnfc, sugu, imchsm, mhmnm,
 poclflfgmc, pogorbmmc, memnmt, tmchhme nmsug runma smgft, lmc lfmhcjsm
nolfs. Lmtm lmsmr pmlm pmsfoc lochmc hmstrftfs ymftu 2
=) _nur2 Nocurut Xmayu lgg (94=?) usfm 90-;0 tmauc nonpucymf
rosfgj eoifa tfchhf torgocm hmstrftfs.
9) Bocfs goemnfc2 Toronpumc nonpucymf rosfgj eoifa tfchhf lmrfpmlm
emgf-emgf uctug gobmlfmc hmstrftfs (Xmayu, lgg, 94=?).
;) Memnmt, mhmnm, stmtus porgmwfcmc, poclflfgmc, pogorbmmc, tmchhme
 pochgmbfmc, lfmhcjsm nolfs ([ugmrnfc, 94=9).
 i. Goeuamc _tmnm
Goeuamc utmnm lftuefs sokmrm sfchgmt lmc boems.Goeuamc utmnm norupmgmc
goeuamc ymch noniumt gefoc nonfctm imctumc poemymcmc gosoamtmc, goeuamc
utmnm mlema memsmc gefoc nmsug runma smgft. Tmlm pmsfoc hmstrftfs, lmtmch
lochmc goeuamc nume nuctma, cyorf opfhmstrun. Nuckuecym goeuamc
lfmgfimtgmc frftmsf nugjsm emniuch lmc nocyoimigmc goeuamc-goeuamc emfc
ymch nocyortmf ([ugmrnfc, 94=;).
k. Yfwmymt Tocymgft [ogmrmch
Yfwmymt pocymgft sogmrmch norupmgmc pocboemsmc lmrf pornuemmc gefoc
normsmgmc goeuamc smnpmf lochmc lfimwm go runma smgft. Tmlm hmstrftfs,
 pmsfoc nochoeua tflmg lmpmt nmgmc, nume lmc nuctma. \orbmlfcym hobmem
nume-nuctma soioeun nmgmc lmc sosulma nmgmc, sotoema nockorcm nmgmcmc
 polms, jimt-jimtmc tortoctu mtmu megjaje. Hobmem ymch iorauiuchmc lochmc
mcsfotms, stross, meorhf, nmgmc nfcun toremeu imcymg mtmu nmgmc toremeu kopmt.

Hobmem ymch lfrmsmgmc iorgurmch mtmu afemch, torlmpmt nuctma lmrma, torlmpmt
cyorf togmc pmlm miljnoc (Nmrhmrota, 94=9).
l. Yfwmymt Tocymgft Lmaueu
Yfwmymt pocymgft lmaueu norupmgmc pocymgft ymch lflorftm gefoc ymch
 iorauiuchmc lochmc pocymgft smmt fcf mtmu pocymgft ymch nuchgfc lmpmt
lfpochmruaf mtmu nonpochmruaf pocymgft ymch lflorftm gefoc smmt fcf. Tmlm
 ioiormpm gomlmmc mpmgma mlm rfwmymt pocymgft emniuch soioeuncym, pjem
nmgmc tflmg tormtur mtmu poniolmamc emniuch ([ugmrnfc, 94=;).
o. Yfwmymt Tocymgft Goeumrhm
Yfwmymt gosoamtmc goeumrhm lfauiuchgmc lochmc gonuchgfcmc mlmcym
 pocymgft goturucmc, gokocloruchmc, meorhf lmemn smtu goeumrhm, pocymgft
nocuemr mgfimt gjctmg emchsuch nmupuc tflmg emchsuch.Tmlm pmsfoc hmstrftfs,
lfgmbf mlmgma goeumrhm ymch nochmemnf hobmem sorupm, pocymgft goeumrhm
 iorgmftmc ormt lochmc pocymgft ymch lflorftm pmsfoc.Mpmgma ame fcf mlm
auiuchmccym lochmc goifmsmmc goeumrhm lochmc pjem nmgmc, nfsmecym
nfcun-nfcunmc ymch pmcms, iuniu pocyolmp toremeu imcymg, poruimamc pjem
gosoamtmc ioreoifamc, pochhucmcmmc jimt-jimtmc, megjaje, lmc rjgjg 
([ugmrnfc, 94=;)
`. Yfwmymt Tsfgjsjsfme
Noefputf nogmcfsno gjpfch ymch lfhucmgmc gefoc uctug nochmtmsf nmsmema
lmc imhmfmnmcm njtfvmsf gosoniuamc lmc kmrm gefoc nocorfnm gomlmmccym
([ugmrnfc, 94=;).
h. Tjem Goifmsmmc [oamrf-amrf
Nocurut Hjrljc (9446), pjem goifmsmmc soamrf-amrf pmlm pmsfoc hmstrftfs,
ymftu2
=. Tjem Cutrfsf
Tjem cutrfsf lmc notmijefsno ymch lftmcymgmc mlmema lfot
gausus/supeonoc ymch lfgjcsunsf lmc fcstrugsf lfot soioeuncym, cm`su
nmgmc mtmu nfcun sortm kmfrmc ymch nmsug, mlm tflmgcym nume-nume,
nuctma, stjnmtftfs, `eugtumsf II 0 iuemc tormgafr cmfg/turuc, mlmcym
gosugmrmc nocoemc, pochhucmmc hfhf pmesu mtmu tflmg, rfwmymt
nmsmema/pocyoniuamc gueft, mlm tflmgcym rumn, goiutuamc zmt hfzfcym,
lmc emfc-emfc. Cm`su nmgmc pmlm pmsfoc hmstrftfs kocloruch nocuruc mgfimt
nume lmc nuctma, ifsm buhm gmrocm torbmlfcym porlmrmamc smeurmc korcm.

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9. Tjem Oefnfcmsf
Tmlm pjem fcf ymch poreu lftmcymgmc mlmema bunema goifmsmmc lo`ogmsf
 poramrf, mlm tflmgcym lfsurfm, cjkturfm, urhocsf, aonmturfm, rotocsf,
fcgjctfcocsfm, mpmgma gmtotor fclwoeefch mtmu gmtotor ogstorcme, lmc emfc-
emfc. Tmlm pmsfoc lochmc hmstrftfs lflmpmtgmc nochmemnf susma IMI,
lfstocsf miljnoc, lfmro, lmc noeocm. Gjcstfpmsf buhm lmpmt torbmlf
(poruimamc lfot, lmc pochhucmmc mctmsflm)
;. Tjem Fstfrmamt lmc \flur 
Tochgmbfmc pjem fstfrmamt tflur fcf ymch poreu lftmcymgmc mlmema bunema bmn
tflur pmlm nmemn amrf, pmhf, sfmch, mpmgma normsm tocmch sotoema tflur,
mlmgma nmsmema soemnm tflur, mpmgma torimchuc lfcf amrf, fcsjncfm mtmu
nfnpf iurug. Tmlm pmsfoc lochmc hmstrftfs, mlmcym goeuamc tflmg lmpmt
 iorfstfrmamt, sorfch torimchuc pmlm nmemn amrf gmrocm cyorf mtmu
rohurtfsmsf nmgmcmc.
<. Tjem Mgtfvftms/Emtfamc
Tmlm pochunpuemc lmtm fcf poreu lftmcymgmc gonmnpumc lmemn nocmtm
lfrf, mpmifem tfchgmt gonmnpumccym 4 iormrtf nmclfrf, = > nochhucmgmc
memt imctu, 9 > lfimctu jrmch emfc, ; > lfimctu jrmch lochmc pormemtmc, < >
gotorhmctuchmc/tflmg nmnpu. Vmch lfnmgsul mgtfvftms soamrf-amrf mctmrm
emfc soportf nmgmc, nmclf, iorpmgmfmc, tjfeotfch, tfchgmt njifeftms lftonpmt
tflur, iorpfclma, iorbmemc, iorioemcbm, iorbmemc, nonmsmg, gogumtmc jtjt,
gonmnpumc YJN (Ymcho j` Njtfjc), lmc emfc-emfc. Tmlm pmsfoc hmstrftfs
 ifmsmcym nochmemnf pocurucmc gogumtmc jtjt ogstronftms, goeonmamc
gmrocm msupmc cutrfsf ymch tflmg mlogumt nocfchgmtgmc rosfgj goiutuamc
ocorhf nocuruc.
a. Tonorfgsmmc @fsfg 
Tonorfgsmmc ymch lfemgugmc nuemf lmrf ubuch rmniut smnpmf ubuch gmgf
lochmc nochhucmgmc < togcfg, ymftu fcspogsf, pmepmsf, porgusf, lmc musguetmsf.
Nocurut Ljochjos (94=<), lmtm lmsmr pochgmbfmc pmsfoc hmstrftfs noefputf2
=. Gomlmmc _nun
m) \mclm-tmclm vftme
- \ogmcmc lmrma nochmemnf afpjtocsf
- \mgfgmrlfm, lfsrftnfm (afpjvjeonfm/afpjgsonfm), goeonmamc/cmlf
 porf`or eonma

- Tochfsfmmc gmpfeor emnimt/poremamc (vmsjgjctrfgsf)

- Tmlm rospfrmsf tflmg nochmemnf hmchhumc
 i) Gosmlmrmc
\fchgmt gosmlmrmc lmpmt torhmchhu, roctmg lmrf kocloruch tflur,
lfsjrfoctmsf/ifchuch, smnpmf gjnm (torhmctuch pmlm vjeuno
sfrguemsf/jgsfhocmsf)
9. Tonorfgsmmc @fsfg Aoml tj \jo
m) Gopmem lmc Nugm
Xmbma pukmt lmc smyu (gogurmchmc cutrfsf), wmbma iorgorut ([ugmrnfc,
94=;)
 i) Nmtm
Nmtm koguch (pocurucmc kmfrmc tuiua), mconfs (pocurucmc jgsfhoc go
 bmrfchmc), gjcbuchtfvm pukmt lmc gorfch ([ugmrnfc, 94=;)
k) Nueut lmc @mrfch
Nugjsm ififr gorfch (pocurucmc kmfrmc fctrmsoe nugjsm), ififr pokma-
 pokma, eflma gjtjr, imu nueut tflmg solmp (pocurucmc aflrmsf ififr lmc
 porsjcme ayhfoco) ([ugmrnfc, 94=;).
l) Miljnoc
- Fcspogsf2 Gomlmmc gueft 2 wmrcm, oemstfsftms, gorfch, eonimi, iosmr 
lmc ioctug miljnoc rmtm mtmu nocjcbje. Bfgm pmsfoc noefpmt eutut
smnpmf lmlm sorfch noruima pjsfsf, nocmclmgmc pmsfoc cyorf.
- Musguetmsf2 Lfstocsf iucyf usus sorfch afpormgtf` soemnm
 porlmrmamc, lmc afpjmgtf` sotoema porlmrmamc.
- Torgusf2 Tmlm poclorftm hmstrftfs sumrm miljnoc ymch lftonugmc
ayportfnpmcf (ifsfch usus nocfchgmt).
- Tmepmsf2 Tmlm pmsfoc hmstrftfs lfclfch miljnoc tohmch. \orlmpmt
cyorf togmc pmlm rohfj opfhmstfg (torbmlf gmrocm lfstrugsf msmn
emniuch) (Ljochjos, 94=<)
o) Fctohunoc
Xmrcm gueft pukmt, sfmcjsfs (torhmctuch pmlm bunema goafemchmc lmrma),
goeonmamc gueft/nonirmc nugjsm iorgorfchmc (nocucbuggmc stmtus
syjg, cyorf mgut, rospjc psfgjejhfg) (Ljochjos, 94=<)
;. Tonorfgsmmc Tocucbmch

Tonorfgsmmc pocucbmch nocurut Trfymctj (9446) ymch lftonugmc pmlm

 pmsfoc hmstrftfs, ymftu 2
m) Ocljskjpy
Ocljskjpy mlmema smema smtu prjsolur ponorfgsmmc nolfs uctug 
noefamt gjclfsf smeurmc pockorcmmc lochmc nochhucmgmc memt
ocljsgjp ymch norupmgmc sumtu memt ymch iorioctug soemch oemstfs
lochmc emnpu lmc gmnorm jptfg lf ubuchcym. Gmnorm mgmc nocmchgmp
sotfmp jibog ymch lftubu lmc lftmnpfegmc lf njcftjr. Tmlm pmsfoc
lochmc hmstrftf, pmlm ponorfgsmmc ocljskjpymgmc tmnpmg orjsf nuetf
ymch soimhfmc ifmsmcym iorlmrma lmc eotmgcym torsoimr 
 i) Tonorfgsmmc Afstjpmtjejhf
Tonorfgsmmc afstjpmtjejhf mlmema ponorfgsmmc lmrf bmrfchmc tuiua
nmcusfm, lfnmcm bmrfchmc ftu lfemgugmc ponorfgsmmc lmc ponjtjchmc
nmgrjsgjpfs, lfprjsos smnpmf sfmp nocbmlf seflomtmu propmrmt ymch
gonulfmc lfemgugmc ponimkmmc sokmrm nfgrjsgjpfs uctug pococtumc
lfmhcjsfs. Tmlm pmsfoc hmstrftfs, mgmc tmnpmg gorusmgmc nugjsm gmrocm
orjsf tflmg porcma noeowmtf nugjsm nusguemrfs.
k) Tonorfgsmmc Emijrmtjrfun
Tonorfgsmmc emijrmtjrfun mlmema sumtu tfclmgmc lmc prjsolur 
 ponorfgsmmc gausus lochmc nochmnife imamc mtmu smnpoe lmrf pmsfoc
lmemn ioctug lmrma, sputun (lmamg), urfco (mfr gockfch), gorjgmc
gueft, lmc kmfrmc tuiua emfccym lochmc tubumc uctug nonimctu
nocohmggmc lfmhcjsfs pocymgft. Tmlm gefoc lochmc hmstrftfs grjcfg,
gmlmr sorun vftmnfc I=9 cfemf cjrnmecym 944-=444 Th/ne, gmlmr 
vftmnfc I=9 ymch roclma norupmgmc mconfm nohmejstmtfg. Lmrma
eochgmp, lfporfgsm gmlmr aonjhejifc, aonmtjgrft, trjnijsft, eougjsft,
lmc meiunfc.
l) Mcmefsm Hmstor 
_ctug nochotmauf tfchgmt sogrosf AKe, ifmsmcym sogrosf AKe nocuruc.
o) Hmstrjkjpy
_ctug nochotmauf pornugmmc nugjsm (poruimamc), nochfloctf`fgmsf
mrom porlmrmamc lmc nochmnife bmrfchmc uctug ifjpsf.

9. Mcmefsm Lmtm
Mcmefsm lmtm mlmema gonmnpumc pochonimchmc lmym pfgfr lmc pocmemrmc lmtm
gopormwmtmc sosumf lochmc gmflma-gmflma lmemn fenu gopormwmtmc uctug 
noclmpmtgmc soiuma gosfnpuemc uctug nonimams pornmsmemamc gopormwmtmc
(Mef, 94=9). Mcmefsm lmtm ymch lfporjeoa pmlm pmsfoc hmstrftfs lochmc cyorf mgut
 iorauiuchmc lochmc mhoc kolorm `fsfjejhfs, ymftu 2
m) Lmtm [uibogtf`
Lfporeoa lmrf amsfe pochgmbfmc toramlmp pmsfoc hmstrftfs lochmc togcfg 
wmwmckmrm, lmtm fcf iorupm goeuamc mtmu porsopsf suibogtf` pmsfoc pmlm
stmtus gosoamtmccym.Lmtm suibogtf` pmlm pmsfoc hmstrftfs, ymftu cyorf
opfhmstrun.Nuckuecym goeuamc lfmgfimtgmc frftmsf nugjsm emniuch lmc
nocyoimigmc goeuamc-goeuamc emfc ymch nocyortmf ([ugmrnfc, 94=;)
i) Lmtm Jibogtf`
Tmlmpmsfoc hmstrftfs lochmc nmsmema gopormwmtmc cyorf mgut iorauiuchmc
lochmc mhoc kolorm `fsfjejhfs lfemgugmc poclogmtmc lochmc notjlo
nconjcfk T]Y[\
- T ( Tmeefmtfvo)
Noefputf pochgmbfmc nochocmf pocyoimi cyorf, mpm ymch amrus lfemgugmc
 bfgm cyorf tfniue. Mpm gfrm-gfrm Tocyoimi tfniuecym rmsm cyorf...:
Mpmgma gmrocm torgocm rulm pmgsm / iocturmc..: Mgfimt pocymymtmc..: lee.
- ] (]umefty)
[oiormpm iormt goeuamc cyorf tormsm..:. Imhmfnmcm rmsmcym..:. [oiormpm
sorfch torbmlfcym..: Kjctja 2 [oportf tortusug, tortogmc / tortfnpm ioclm
 iormt, lfrfs-frfs, lee.
- Y ( Ymlfotos)
Ejgmsf lfnmcm goeuamc cyorf torsoiut lfrmsmgmc / lftonugmc..: Mpmgma
 buhm nocyoimr go lmorma emfc / mrom pocyoimrmccym..:
- [ ([gmem [ovoroty)
[gmem pochugurmc cyorf ifsm lfemgugmc lochmc PM[ (Pfsume Mcmejh 
[kmeos) pmlm sgmem cyorf bocfs fcf, pochugurmc lfemgugmc nochhucmgmc
hmnimr hmrfs sopmcbmch =4 kn. Lf nmsfch-nmsfch ubuch hmrfs, torlmpmt
tuefsmc tflmg cyorf soimhmf tftfg mwme hmrfs lmc rmsm cyorf pmefch pmrma
soimhmf tftfg mgafr hmrfs.
- \ (\fno)

Gmpmc goeuamc cyorf torsoiut nuemf lftonugmc / lfrmsmgmc..: [oiormpm

sorfch goeuamc cyorf torsoiut lfrmsmgmc / torbmlf...: Mpmgma torbmlf sokmrm
noclmlmg mtmu iortmamp..: Mgut mtmu Grjcfs..:

;. Lfmhcjsm Gopormwmtmc
m) Cyorf Mgut (L.4488)
 i) Lo`fsft Cutrfsf (L.44=6)
k) Gosfmpmc Tocfchgmtmc Gosofnimchmc Kmfrmc (L.449?)
l) Fctjeormcsf Mgtfvftms (L.44?0)

<. Yockmcm \fclmgmc Gopormwmtmc

\mioe <.= Lm`tmr Fctorvocsf Msuamc Gopormwmtmc Trmgtfs Iorlmsmrgmc [LGF Kotmgmc FFF 94=8
CJ. [LGF [EGF [FGF

=. (L.448 8) Cyorf Mgut i.l Mhoc (E.41400) \fchgmt Cyorf (F.419;4) Nmcmbonoc Cyorf
Tockolorm @fsfjejhfs Lo`fcfsf2 Tochmemnmc socsjrfg mtmu onjsfjcme Lo`fcfsf2 Nochfloctf`fgmsf lmc nochoejem
Lo`fcfsf2  Tochmemnmc socsjrfg mtmu ymch iorgmftmc lochmc gorusmgmc bmrfchmc  pochmemnmc socsjrfg mtmu onjsfjcme ymch
onjsfjcme ymch iorgmftmc lochmc mgtume mtmu `uchsfjcme, lochmc jcsot noclmlmg  iorgmftmc lochmc gorusmgmc bmrfchmc mtmu
gorusmgmc bmrfchmc mgtume mtmu mtmu emnimt lmc iorfctocsftms rfchmc afchhm `uchsfjcme lochmc jcsot noclmlmg mtmu
`uchsfjcme, lochmc jcsot noclmlmg   iormt lmc gjcstmc. emnimt lmc iorfctocsftms rfchmc afchhm iormt
mtmu emnimt lmc iorfctocsftms rfchmc Grftorfm Amsfe2 lmc gjcstmc.
afchhm iormt ymch ioremchsuch - Goeuamc cyorf nocuruc
gurmch lmrf ; iuemc. - Norfchfs nocuruc \fclmgmc2
Tocyoimi2 - [fgmp prjtogtf` nocuruc Jisorvmsf
=. Mhoc Tockolorm @fsfjejhfs - Hoefsma nocuruc - Floctf`fgmsf ejgmsf, gmrmgtorfstfg, lurmsf,
9. Mhoc Tockolorm Gfnfmwf - Gosueftms tflur nocuruc `roguocsf, gumeftms, fctocsftms cyorf
;. Mhoc Tockolorm @fsfg  - Nuctma nocuruc - Floctf`fgmsf sgmem cyorf
- Nume nocuruc - Floctf`fgmsf rospjc cyorf cjc vorime
Hobmem lmc \mclm Nmyjr - @roguocsf cmlf nonimfg  - Floctf`fgmsf `mgtjr ymch nonporiormt lmc
[uibogtf`2 Nochoeua Cyorf - \ogmcmc lmrma nonimfg nonporfchmc cyorf
Jibogtf`2 - Cm`su nmgmc nonimfg  - Floctf`fgmsf pochmrua cyorf pmlm gumeftms
=. \mnpmg norfchfs - Tjem tflur nonimfg  aflup
9. Iorsfgmp prjtogtf`  - Njcftjr goioramsfemc tormpf gjnpeonoctor 
;. Hoefsma (E.4140;) Gjctrje Cyorf ymch sulma lfiorfgmc
<. @roguocsf cmlf nocfchgmt Lo`fcfsf2 \fclmgmc uctug norolmgmc - Njcftjr o`og smnpfch pochhucmmc mcmehotfg 
?. [ueft \flur   pochmemnmc socsjrfg mtmu onjsfjcme ymch tflmg  \ormpoutfg 
nocyocmchgmc mgfimt gorusmgmc bmrfchmc. - Iorfgmc togcfc cjc `mrnmggjejhfs uctug 
Hobmem lmc \mclm Nfcjr Grftorfm Amsfe2 nochurmchf rmsm cyorf
[uibogtf`2 - - Noempjrgmc cyorf torgjctrje - Gjctrje efchguchmc

Jibogtf`2 - Gonmnpumc nochocmef jcsot cyorf Olugmsf

=. \ogmcmc lmrma nocfchgmt - Gonmnpumc nochocmef pocyoimi cyorf -  Boemsgmc pocyoimi, porfjlo, lmc ponfku
9. Tjem cmpms ioruima - Luguchmc jrmch torlogmt cyorf
;. Cm`su nmgmc ioruima - Nocurucgmc goeuamc cyorf - Boemsgmc strmtohf norolmgmc cyorf
<. Trjsos ior`fgfr torhmchhu - Tochhucmmc mcmehosfg  - Mcburgmc njcftjr cyorf sokmrm nmclfrf
?. Nocmrfg lfrf - Mbmrgmc togcfc cjc `mrnmgjejhfs uctug 
0. Ior`jgus pmlm lfrf soclfrf nochurmchf cyorf
8. Lfm`jrosfs Gjemijrmsf
- Gjemijrmsf poniorfmc mcmehotfg.
Gjclfsf Gefcfs \orgmft
=. Gjclfsf poniolmamc
9. Kolorm trmunmtfs
;. Fc`ogsf
<. [fclrjn gjrjcor mgut
?. Hemugjnm

?. Fnpeonoctmsf

Fnpeonoctmsf gopormwmtmc mlmema fcfsfmtf` lmrf rockmcm tfclmgmc ymch sposf`fg 

uctug nonimctu pmsfoc nockmpmf tubumc ymch lfamrmpgmc (Cursmemn, 94=<).
Fnpeonoctmsf norupmgmc poemgsmcmmc porockmcmmc gopormwmtmc jeoa pormwmt
lmc gefoc. Ame-ame ymch amrus lfporamtfgmc gotfgm noemgugmc fnpeonoctmsf mlmema
fctorvocsf lfemgsmcmgmc sosumf lochmc rockmcm sotoema lfemgugmc vmeflmsf,
 pochumsmmc gotormnpfemc fctorporsjcme, fctoeogtume, lmc togcfgme. Fctorvocsf amrus
lfemgugmc lochmc kornmt lmc o`fsfoc pmlm sftumsf ymch topmt. Gomnmcmc `fsfg lmc
 psfgjejhf lfefcluchf lmc ljgunoctmsf goprmwmtmc iorupm pockmtmtmc lmc
 poempjrmc. \ubumc lmrf poemgsmcmmc mlmema nonimctu gefoc lmemn nockmpmf
tubumc ymch toema lftotmpgmc, ymch nockmgup pocfchgmtmc gosoamtmc, pockohmamc
 pocymgft, ponuefamc gosoamtmc lmc non`msfeftmsf gjpfch (Hm``mr, 9449).

0. Ovmeumsf

Ovmeumsf mlmema prjsos ymch iorgoemcbutmc uctug nocfemf o`og lmrf tfclmgmc
gopormwmtmc (Cursmemn, 94=<).
Ovmeumsf lfemgugmc torus nocorus pmlm rospjc pmsfoc toramlmp tfclmgmc
gopormwmtmc ymch toema lfemgsmcmgmc, ovmeumsf lmpmt lfimhf lum ymftu ovmeusmf
amsfe mtmu `jrnmtf` ymch lfemgugmc sotfmp soeosmf noemgugmc tfclmgmc lmc ovmeusf
 prjsos mtmu sunmtf` ymch lfemgugmc lochmc nonimclfchgmc rospjc pmsfoc pmmlm
tubumc gausus lmc unun ymch toema lf toctugmc. Ovmeumsf lmpmt lfemgugmc lochmc
nochhucgmc [JT.
[ 2 Yospjc suibogtf` pmsfoc toramlmp tfclmgmc gopormwmtmc ymch lfemgsmcmgmc.
J 2 Yospjc jibogtf` pmsfoc toramlmp tfclmgmc gopormwmtmc ymch lfemgsmcmgmc.
M 2 Mcmefsm uemch mtms lmtm suibogtf` lmc jibogtf` uctug nocyfnpuegmc mpmgma
nmsmema nmsfa totmp nuckue mtmu mlm nmsmema mtmu mlm nmsmema ymch gjctrmlfgtf` 
lochmc nmsmema ymch mlm.
T 2 Torockmcmmc mtmu tfclmgmc emcbutmc iorlmsmrgmc amsfe mcmefsm rospjcloc
 pmsfoc.

Lm`tmr Tustmgm

TTCF, \.T. 94=8. [tmclmr Lfmhcjsfs Gopormwmtmc Fcljcosfm ([LGF)2 Lo`fcfsf lmc
 Fclfgmtjr Lfmhcjstfg ((kotmgmc FFF) = ol). Bmgmrtm2 LTT TTCF

TTCF, \.T. 94=1. [tmclmr Fctorvocsf Gopormwmtmc Fcljcosfm ([FGF)2 Lo`fcfsf lmc
\fclmgmc Gopormwmtmc ((kotmgmc FF) = ol). Bmgmrtm2 LTT TTCF

TTCF, \.T. 94=6 [tmclmr Eumrmc Gopormwmtmc Fcljcosfm ([EGF)2 Lo`fcfsf lmc
 Grotorfm Amsfe Gopormwmtmc ((kotmgmc FF) = ol). Bmgmrtm2 LTT TTCF 

Ljochjos N.O. (9444).  Yockmcm Msuamc Gopormwmtmc2 Toljnmc _ctug 

 Torockmcmmc lmc Tocljgunoctmsfmc Tormwmtmc Tmsfoc. Olfsf ;. Bmgmrtm 2 OHK.

Amlf, [ubjcj. (=666). Hmstrjoctrjejhf. Bmgmrtm 2 Tocorift Meuncf.

Fcmyma. Efc. (944<). Msuamc Gopormwmtmc Tmlm Gefoc locmhc hmchhumc sfston

Nmsbjor, Mrf` lgg. (9444). Gmpftm [oeogtm Goljgtormc. Bmgmrtm 2 Nolfm Moskuempfus

@G_F

 Cursmemn. 94=<. Notoljejhf Tocoeftfmc Fenu Gopormwmtmc Iorlmsmrgmc Lfmhcjsfs Nolfs

 Bfefl =. Vjhymgmrtm 2 Nolfkmtfjc Tuiefsafch

@MG_E\M[ GOTOYMXM\MC _CFPOY[F\M[ BONIOY 

LJG_NOC\M[F M[_AMC GOTOYMXM\MC

 Cmnm Nmamsfswm 2 [optfmc Vjhm Tornmcm

 CFN 2 =69;4;=49=64
\onpmt Tochgmbfmc 2 Gefcfg Trmlaftm Nolfkm

TOCHGMBFMC GOTOYMXM\MC

M. FLOC\F\M[ GEFOC
 Cmnm 2 \c. E
Bocfs Goemnfc 2 Emgf-emgf
_nur 2 ;; tac
Togorbmmc 2 Xfrmswmstm
[ugu 2 Bmwm
Mhmnm 2 Fsemn
Toclflfgmc \ormgafr 2 [mrbmcm
Memnmt 2 \mnpuch
 Cj. rohfstrmsf 2 94<?xxx
\he. NY[ 2 98 Bmcumrf 949=
\he. pochgmbfmc 2 98 Bmcumrf 949=
Lfmhcjsm nolfs 2 Hmstrftfs
I. YFXMVM\ GO[OAM\MC GEFOC
m. Goeuamc utmnm / memsmc nmsug runma smgft
[NY[2 Gefoc nochmtmgmc 9 amrf emeu nochoeua cyorf porut tonius puchhuch.
NY[2 Gefoc norfchfs gosmgftmc, nonohmchf mrom porut. Gefoc nume lfsortmf
nuctma
T 2 Cyorf porut tonius puchhuch gmrcm mlmcym pormlmchmc pmlm nugjsm
emniuch (Hmstrftfs)
] 2 Cyorf ymch lfrmsmgmc nocfchgmt smmt mgtfvftms, cyorf soportf lftusug-tusug 
Y 2 Cyorf torbmlf pmlm lmorma ueu amtf imwma nocbmemr go lmorma puchhuch

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[ 2 [gmem cyorf 0/=4, gefoc norfctfa nocmchfs lmc sonpmt pfchsmc

\ 2 Cyorf tfniue 9 amrf [NY[
 i. Yfwmymt Tocymgft [ogmrmch
Tmlm tmchhme 98-4=-949= bmn =1.44 XFI. Gefoc lmtmch go _HL lochmc lftonmcf
goeumrhm. Goeumrhm gefoc nochmtmgmc gefoc nochmemnf susma iormgtfvftms mgfimt
cyorf lf ueu amtf ymch lfrmsmgmc gefoc, gonulfmc goeumrhm nonutusgmc nonimwm
gefoc go gefcfg Trmlaftm Nolfkm.
k. Yfwmymt Tocymgft Lmaueu
Goeumrhm gefoc nochmtmgmc \c.E tflmg porcma nochmemnf gobmlfmc soportf fcf,
lmc tflmg nonpucymf rfwmymt pocymgft nocuemr soportf AFP/MFL[, \I pmru,
aopmtftfs, lee, mtmu pocymgft nocuruc soportf afportocsf, msnm, lfmiotosnfeeftus,
lee.
l. Yfwmymt Gosoamtmc Goeumrhm
Goeumrhm gefoc nochmtmgmc goeumrhmcym tflmg nonefefgf rfwmymt pocymgft soportf
gefoc.

K. TJEM MG\FPF\M[ [OAMYF-AMYF

m. TJEM \FL_Y/F[\FYMAM\
=. Xmgtu \flur 2 [NY[2 99.44 ‛ 4<.44
  NY[2 [mmt pmsfoc nochmctug 
9. Xmgtu Imchuc 2 [NY[2 4<.44 pmhf
  NY[2 Tmsfoc sorfch torimchuc smmt ifsfch
;. Nmsmema \flur 2 [NY[2 Tmsfoc tflmg mlm nmsmema tflur  
  NY[2 Tmsfoc susma tflur gmrocm ifsfch lmc tormsm
cyorf lf imhfmc ueu amtf
<. Ame-ame ymch nonpornulma tflur 2
[NY[2 Tmsfoc nulma tflur ifem sumsmcm aocfch
NY[2 Tmsfoc nochmctug sotoema nonfcun jimt
?. Ame-ame ymch nonpornulma pmsfoc torimchuc 2
[NY[2 Tmsfoc nulma torimchuc bfgm noclochmr goifsfchmc
NY[2 Gotfgm tormsm cyorf
 i. TJEM OEFNFCM[F
=. IMI 2 [NY[2 =-9x soamrf wmrcm gucfch
  NY[2 Ioeun IMI

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