CPM Final 1

Construction Practice & Management
Construction Practice
& Management
NAME - S.PAVISHAN
S.PAVISHAN J/CE/20/17/01 REG NO

P a- gJ/CE/20/17/01
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PEARSON NO- NF41458

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, as a student, I'd want to thank Eng.A.Chirushanthan, who served as our
assessor for this course, for his assistance. This assignment demonstrates the quality of his
instruction. I'd like to thank him again and again for the valuable information he's imparted on
this topic, as I had just finished school when I arrived here. After thanking the chairman and
other staff members of BCAS, I'd like to thank BCAS for giving me the opportunity to study
here. On the other hand, in today's society, I would be remiss if I didn't thank my parents and
my friends. I received assistance and encouragement from my other students in order to
complete this task successfully. Forgive me if I've forgotten anyone to thank.
S.Pavishan
J/CE/20/17/01
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Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ......................................................................................................... i
Table of figures .................................................................................................................... vii
Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1
01. Explain how the construction industry has developed and encompassed professionalism
within its structures. .............................................................................................................. 2
Growth in the Building Sector ............................................................................................ 2
Occupations available to qualified individuals in the Building Trades ................................. 2
Architects' Functions ......................................................................................................... 3
Civil Engineer’ Functions ................................................................................................... 4
Construction Project Manager’ Functions .......................................................................... 4
Quantity Surveyors’ Functions ........................................................................................... 5
02.Demonstrate the scope and linkage between all parties within a construction
organization. ......................................................................................................................... 6
Engineer ............................................................................................................................ 6
Civil Engineers .................................................................................................................. 6
Structural Engineers .......................................................................................................... 7
Contractor ......................................................................................................................... 7
Architect ............................................................................................................................ 7
Client ................................................................................................................................. 8
Consultant ......................................................................................................................... 8
Quantity surveyor .............................................................................................................. 8
Project Planning Responsibilities ....................................................................................... 8
Project Management ......................................................................................................... 9
Project Monitoring ............................................................................................................. 9
Sub- contractor .................................................................................................................. 9
03.Identify the type of contractual work tendered by contractors. ........................................ 10
Open tendering................................................................................................................ 10
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Selective tendering .......................................................................................................... 11
Negotiated tendering ....................................................................................................... 11
Single stage tendering ..................................................................................................... 12
Two stage tendering ........................................................................................................ 12
Cost-plus contract ........................................................................................................... 13
Design and Build contract ................................................................................................ 13
Guaranteed Maximum Price Contract .............................................................................. 13
Incentive Contracts .......................................................................................................... 13
Integrated Project Delivery Contract ................................................................................ 14
Lump-Sum Contract ........................................................................................................ 14
Time and Materials Contract............................................................................................ 14
04.Analyze how the construction industry has developed overall in terms of company
structures, it’s employees and contracted work. .................................................................. 15
Construction industry development .................................................................................. 15
Work for contractor .......................................................................................................... 15
Work for consultant.......................................................................................................... 16
05.Critically evaluate how construction companies have developed their structure and
business ethos. ................................................................................................................... 17
Building information modeling .......................................................................................... 17
3D construction printing ................................................................................................... 17
Offsite Construction ......................................................................................................... 17
Construction Robotics ..................................................................................................... 18
Construction Project Management................................................................................... 18
Advanced Building Materials ........................................................................................... 19
Construction Monitoring ................................................................................................... 19
06.Explain different types of construction companies in the market and their relationships
within the tendering process. (Presentation) ...................................................................... 20
........................................................................................................................................... 20
Presentation slides 3,4 .................................................................................................... 21
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Presentation slides 9,10 .................................................................................................. 24
Presentation slides 11,12 ................................................................................................ 25
........................................................................................................................................ 26
........................................................................................................................................ 27
........................................................................................................................................ 28
........................................................................................................................................ 29
Presentation slides 21 ..................................................................................................... 30
........................................................................................................................................ 30
07.Identify, with examples, modern construction processes and sequences used within
today’s industry, highlighting the way they respond to sustainability needs. ........................ 31
Modern Methods of Construction ..................................................................................... 31
Precast Flat Panel System ........................................................................................... 31
3D Volumetric Modules ................................................................................................ 32
Flat Slab Construction .................................................................................................. 32
Precast Concrete Foundations ..................................................................................... 33
Twin Wall Technology .................................................................................................. 34
Precast Cladding Panels .............................................................................................. 34
08.Explain contract planning techniques used within micro and macro projects. ................. 37
Comparison between Macro- and Micro-Planning ........................................................ 38
Benefits of Macro-Planning .......................................................................................... 39
Disadvantages of Micro-Planning ................................................................................. 39
09.Identify where BIM impacts upon operations and construction companies. .................... 40
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Critical Success Factors for Building Information Modeling on a Construction Project . 41
Benefits of BIM for the Construction Industry ................................................................... 42
10.Analyze how construction has developed in terms of innovation, designs, and within
contracts for micro and macro projects, and the interrelationship with BIM ......................... 44
Innovation in construction projects................................................................................... 44
11.Provide a detailed analysis of how the construction industry has evolved in terms of
innovative construction methods and contracts ................................................................... 46
12.Explain how health & safety has now become an integrated part of the construction
process. .............................................................................................................................. 49
13.Describe the government legislation which has benchmarked health & safety within
construction. ....................................................................................................................... 53
14.Discuss the role of collaboration and communication in ensuring safe working practices.
........................................................................................................................................... 55
Awareness ................................................................................................................... 55
Training ........................................................................................................................ 55
Communication ............................................................................................................ 56
Documentation ............................................................................................................. 56
Better coordination .......................................................................................................... 57
Improved emergency response ....................................................................................... 57
More trust and respect ..................................................................................................... 57
Better transparency ......................................................................................................... 57
Reduced dispute resolution ............................................................................................. 57
15.Demonstrate how the construction industry has benefited through changes in health &
safety legislation. ................................................................................................................ 58
16.Evaluate the impact of health & safety legislation, how it has evolved the drivers for it,
and its advantages or weaknesses within construction. ...................................................... 60
The effects of unsafe working conditions on construction companies. ............................. 60
Cost of works related accidents, injuries and ill health ..................................................... 61
Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 62
Reference ........................................................................................................................... 63
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Table of figures
Figure 1 Precast Flat Panel System ...................................................................................................... 31
Figure 2 3D Volumetric Modules .......................................................................................................... 32
Figure 3 Flat Slab Construction ............................................................................................................. 33
Figure 4 Precast Concrete Foundations ................................................................................................ 33
Figure 5 Twin Wall Technology ............................................................................................................. 34
Figure 6 Precast Cladding Panels .......................................................................................................... 34
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Introduction
This is associated with the tactics employed in the building business and the methods of
growth centered on the interconnection of all participants in the construction enterprise. This
task was designed with four criteria in mind: outcome of training. In this assignment, we'll
talk about the expert level, contractor type, and contract structure of providing planning
methodologies used in construction and health & safety has become a handles some of the
development coordination. This aided in collecting extensive information regarding the
setups, sales cycles, and bailouts. Alliances and I also picked up the skill of giving a
presentation front and center. In the third the research findings investigate the fundamental
phases of building projects and the data that goes along with them. The government's
assessment of BIM's contribution to economic growth and security permission for and
participation in assisted labor and communication in building industry. Generally speaking,
this task has aided me in gathering information about fundamental stuff that is implications
for the study of underlying planning.
S.PAVISHAN J/CE/20/17/01 Page |1

01. Explain how the construction industry has developed

and encompassed professionalism within its structures.
Growth in the Building Sector
Unlike production, which entails the actual building of things like houses, tunnels, bridges,
etc., development encompasses much more expansive projects. In spite of this, builders
regularly oversee each step of the building process. There are many factors to consider
while evaluating a development's viability, including the difficulty of securing financing, the
length of time needed to complete purchases and sales, and the need for tight oversight.
The legal process of determining whether or not a proposed trend need authorization is
called planning permission. In terms of planning, the local government is responsible
(generally the planning department of the district or borough council). Unless it's an
accredited trend, all developments necessitate a building permit because of their potential
impact. For characteristics, this is probably one of the worst ever hazards. The practice of
purchasing undeveloped land or accepting a construction project without first securing firm
commitments from confirmed end consumers is known as speculative development. That is
to say, the developer isn't sure who will ultimately use the development, but they're optimistic
that they'll find a buyer and that their style of development may be a good fit for that buyer.
Occupations available to qualified individuals in the Building Trades
Many managers, technical people, skilled, semi-skilled, and unskilled humans are wanted in
today's manufacturing firm to correctly finish the project on schedule and under budget. To
ensure the assignment is built with the desired technology, to the intended standards, and
using the most cost-effective procedures, a professional task crew is required to handle the
different items and activities related to painting and/or construction. There needs to be a
crew assigned to each construction operation to actually make the plans a reality. Architects,
interior designers, surveyors, structural engineers, mechanical engineers, electrical
engineers, quantity surveyors, constructing engineers, and civil engineers are typical
members of the team for a construction project. Experts in the fields of creative, finance,
technology, and administration of both time and people are brought in to help with the many
moving parts involved in overseeing a mission. These professionals will examine all aspects
of a project, from planning to completion. At various points, they may be asked to come up
with fresh concepts and solutions in order to overcome the many obstacles that will
undoubtedly arise over the course of the project.

 Resource allocation
 Organizing the steps of the project's work in a logical order
 Respecting financial plans
 Successfully completing all tasks within the allotted time
 Incorporating Institutional Integration
 Finding a happy medium between the competing needs of stakeholders and users
 A recognition of the many tools and approaches that can be used to complete the
task at hand.
Every expert in the field of Construction has a responsibility and duty to perform their work
with the utmost skill, care, and devotion, and to demonstrate their abilities in a manner that is
compatible with the Professional Standards that normally govern their discipline. This can
provide insight into the success of these specialists in the construction industry by analyzing
the duties and responsibilities of the four most important expert jobs in the business:
architects, civil engineers, project managers, and quantity surveyors.
Architects' Functions
To practice architecture, one must first obtain registration through a reputable Architect
Registration Board. In the context of providing services related to the design and
construction of buildings, to "practice architecture of the modern variety" implies to do such.
According to Redeemer Consulting, an architect's role can be understood most simply by
considering the fact that architects create new types of architecture. In order to do this, one
must first conjure up a vision and an idea, and then test out several approaches to bringing
those two things into being. To make the dream a reality, the architect will work with a team
of construction experts to draft up detailed plans and specifications. Architectural services
include advising the client on contract awards, monitoring the progress of the units under
construction, issuing technical clarifications and revisions to drawings and specifications,
reviewing and approving all technical and document transmittals from the contractor, issuing
site commands, overseeing payments, and certifying interim charge certificates. The
architect's responsibilities will usually be determined by the specifics of their appointment
and the terms of their contract with their carrier. However, the Architect's role is not always
limited to these technical activities; rather, when one advances in rank within an
organization, other difficult aspects of the role, such as business strategy, organizational
politics, consulting, and management, come into play.

Civil Engineer’ Functions
Similar to architects, civil engineers (in the context of this document, those who work in the
field of civil engineering) plan, design, build, and improve infrastructure (buildings, roads,
bridges, etc.). A Civil Engineer may also choose to specialize in geotechnical engineering,
structural engineering, transportation engineering, hydraulic and environmental engineering,
coastal engineering, or fabric engineering. In the same way that the Architect reveals the
works to ensure that the required workmen and best standards are being accomplished and
monitor the development of the works, the Civil Engineer (sometimes called a Resident
Engineer) within the construction area of a mission will do the same. In addition to providing
advice to the client on awards of settlement, the civil engineer handles matters such as
responding to technical questions from the contractor, issuing online commands for the
website, overseeing the administration of offers to settle, and certifying the contractor's
interim payment certificates. The Civil Engineer's role is typically determined by the specifics
of their employment and the terms of their service agreement.
Construction Project Manager’ Functions
Time, money, quality, and the project's boundaries are the four main areas of responsibility
for a construction project manager (CPM). The CPM needs to have a wide range of
managerial skills in order to successfully implement the initiatives. Tools, and interpersonal
skills, which are briefly described below:
Time Management - Generates timeline and keeps tabs on development in relation to initial
plan
Quality Management – Check to see that the specs are being followed.
Cost Management – puts together spending plans and controls spending to keep expenses
in check
Resource Management – Locates and coordinates the necessary human, plant, equipment,
material, subcontractor, and specialist service resources for completion of the project.
Procurement – Acquiring or enlisting the services of every tool needed
Risk Management – The process of recognizing danger, categorizing it, analyzing it, and
deciding how to react to it.
Integration Management – How to systematically coordinate the project's many moving parts
and interested parties to accomplish its goals.

Quantity Surveyors’ Functions
He is a specialist in the building industry who deals with the financial aspects of building and
construction projects. According to the RICS's assessment, a QS's service provision is
multifaceted along the lifecycle of a project. The QS's responsibilities in the pre-settlement
phase include aiding in the development of the initial cost estimate, assessing the financial
implications of various design options, and implementing controls at the appropriate design
phase to prevent costs from rising above the allotted cap. The QS's responsibilities in the
soft stage include advocating for the delicate documentation and assisting the architect and
civil engineer in securing project awards. During construction, the QS would also like to
provide recommendations on interim payments, post-agreement price control, and the final
account. The QS is also responsible for providing and collecting on payments for sections,
preparing cost evaluations, proposing on economic implications, offering dimensions of
regions, and providing guidance on contractual matters. Construction, oil and gas, the
strength industry, building, and civil engineering are just few of the various fields a QS might
wish to focus on. The primary differentiation will be between PQSs (Professional QSs) and
QSs (Quality Assurance Specialists) who work for a variety of manufacturing companies
(frequently called Main Contractors QS). One of the many professional our bodies, such as
the Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors, provides training, establishes the standards, and
units stringent codes of exercise and ethics for all its contributors to follow in order to
maintain the standards of the professions.

02.Demonstrate the scope and linkage between all parties

within a construction organization.
Engineer
For onlookers, the process may look easy, like balancing a roof on four walls, but in reality,
the activity of making artwork is a lot extra difficult than it first seems. Before beginning work,
construction crews need to know a great deal of information, including the kind of soil,
geography, structural issues, source of production, and city model. Therefore, it is
reasonable to assume that all work done at these sites serves a specific purpose and, if not
factored into your plans, will prove to be expensive in the long run. Fortunately, the
construction sector can count on engineers to step up to the challenge whenever difficulties
arise. Experts in fields as varied as civil engineering, electricity, plumbing, and power
generation all contribute to the process of refining these designs and ensuring a smooth
workflow on the job site. It not only allows the project to be carried out with top-notch
efficiency, but it also permits employees to carry out tasks in the safest method possible.
That's why their work is crucial to the industry's growth and survival. In light of this, many
businesses and contractors employ teams of skilled engineers to deal with such issues right
off the bat. Before releasing the final product to their customers, they run all the data through
many cross-checks and feed in the records again. If, as a consumer, you have any lingering
uncertainties, you can always contact a consultant firm like mint ropy. Com to help you
summarize some of the information presented here. You may put all your trust in them
because they are a reliable organization that provides outstanding assistance with such
problems.
Civil Engineers
Civil engineers are primarily responsible for enhancing the structure and infrastructure of
dwellings through the application of paint. They aid in the construction of outlying structures
to help with utility issues at the site and ensure the facility is economically feasible. Because
of the breadth and depth of their expertise, they are free to formulate new production
strategies and direct their implementation as they see fit. They lead in these circumstances,
working with workers and other engineers to oversee the project's technical aspects. This
underscores the importance of managerial skills and document management in this position.

Structural Engineers
Although anyone with even a simple understanding of construction work can indicate where
to place the beam, trusses, and footers, structural engineers' work is far more complex than
it first appears. Engineers who work on structures do more than just fortify foundations. They
collaborate with engineers to provide access routes for people as well as the necessary
building systems. They also set aside space or make plans for future development growth,
such as adding a structure, for when they have the resources to put them into action. That's
why they're just as important as anyone else in the crew.
Contractor
The contractor may also hire specialized third parties, known as subcontractors, to carry out
the work on the parts of the project that the contractor themselves cannot build.
Subcontractors play an active role in the creative process by contributing their own unique
services to a construction project.
In order to get a job done, a client may often hire an outside party, or contractor. Contractors'
roles and responsibilities, in total, span a wide range due to the wide range of tasks they
perform and the number of individuals they are responsible for.
Contractors' duties and responsibilities may vary slightly from one assignment to the next,
but in general, they are very similar to those stipulated in conventional service agreements.
Architect
Architects are frequently the first person in the construction industry to interact with a client,
making their professional demeanor and ability to interact with others vital to the success of
a project and the client's satisfaction. Architects need strong verbal and written
communication skills to work closely with clients across all phases of a project. Architectural
design entails sketching up blueprints, developing ideas, and writing up technical
specifications. The needs and ideas of the customers are the primary inspiration for these.
Architects must conduct research into the various building codes, safety regulations,
production advancements, and municipal legal requirements that may have an impact on the
final result. These principles are ever-evolving, and as such, they should be kept current with
any and all changes to relevant laws and other requirements. Architects need technical
know-how, namely in the form of familiarity with building information modeling (BIM) tools
and practices. This will help them maintain a competitive edge in the increasingly technology
manufacturing sector.

Client
The success of any project depends on the quality of the working relationship between the
client and the contractor. If you want to keep your customers happy without resorting to
empty promises, a provider of engineering solutions, has a global operations director named
Dave Friar who discusses the significance of developing and sustaining a healthy courtship
with the client. The quality of the connection between the client and the service provider is
often the deciding factor in the success of an engineering project. An effective working
relationship is predicated on trust and mutual understanding between all parties involved,
and can lead to a more long-lasting contract if managed correctly.
Consultant
Professional advisors come in different shapes and sizes, and they all play a part in the
creation process. The scope of the project determines how many experts will be needed,
and the method of procurement determines who will be in charge of making those
appointments. However, for the vast majority of jobs, the specialists still aren't on equal
footing. This Practice Note describes the roles of the various consultants and emphasizes
their primary responsibilities. Practice Note: Parties in a Construction Venture provides
examples of the roles played by the various entities often involved in a construction project,
such as specialists, corporations, contractors, and subcontractors. Construction project
contracts and how specialists are integrated can be visualized in this diagram of a typical
improvement project's organizational framework.
Quantity surveyor
The quantity surveyor serves as numerous functions during the life of a project, including
cost estimator, negotiator, coordinator, and, perhaps most importantly, rate management.
A young and formidable surveyor might also have a wealth of experience. The surveyor's
resume will look more impressive if it includes work in a variety of fields. The project
manager is able to do the work within the allotted budget without sacrificing the quality or
quantity of the fabric.
A quantity surveyor will produce various reports throughout the duration of a project, such as
a Feasibility Report, an Expense Report, a Valuation Report, and many others.
Project Planning Responsibilities
 Timely preparation is key to the success of any major project. Estimation and
planning of the project's many aspects, such as required resources and tools.
 Prepare for potential shifts in abilities throughout the course of the assignment.

Project Management
 Coordinate the spending plan for post-production steps.

 The onus is on the general contractor to source and hire suitable help for the job.
 For a project to run smoothly, the general contractor will need the help of their
subcontractors in managing things like tools, materials, and services.
 Take care of garbage that is made.
 Make all payments in accordance with the provisions of the settlement agreement.
Project Monitoring
 Keep an eye on the project's progress in terms of the contract's deadlines, safety
measures, and quality standards.
 Conduct a thorough review of the project plan and make necessary adjustments in
light of new information and stakeholder comments.
 To hone skills in economic building
 Keeping an eye out for any threats.
Sub- contractor
Typically, a general contractor, prime contractor, or main contractor will pay a subcontractor
(or sub-contractor) for their services if they are hired to complete a specific subset of the
project. There are two main reasons why businesses use subcontractors: saving money and
lowering risk.

03.Identify the type of contractual work tendered by

contractors.
Tendering is used to find a creator and negotiate a fee with them. Tendering refers to the
process by which a patron or employer solicits bids from contractors for a certain production
problem. Customers' smooth files serve as the basis for contractors' quotes. If your bid is
accepted, you'll be the "contractor" and the "celebration" in a deal with the "consumer." All
parties involved have signed the light documents, making them legally binding. Finalized soft
files are incorporated into the legal contract.
The client has two primary goals in mind for the tendering process, and they are-
 The right contractor

 The right price
To both the client and the contractor, the tendering process is crucial, since it is the means
by which the client assigns tasks and the means by which the contractor makes a living.
In construction, there are a variety of tendering processes to choose from.
Open tendering
In an open tendering process, the company announces the work to be done and invites
interested contractors to submit requests for tender documents. Applicants may be asked to
provide a deposit, which will be refunded "upon receipt of a bona genuine tender." However,
this approach may be criticized on the grounds that many contractors will squander time and
resources drafting tenders that will never be awarded. And since they know their odds of
winning the agreement are low, contractors may not study the agreement in detail to teach
session their minimum rate, but rather offer a price that will be sure to provide them some
profits if they win the contract. As a result, the organization may be given "a lottery of pricing"
to choose from rather than the absolute lowest possible price at which his project may be
constructed. If he goes with the lowest bid, there's a potential that the tenderer hasn't done
enough research on the agreement to accurately assess the risks involved, or that they lack
the financial and/or technological resources to carry out the work effectively. While it's true
that the business can reject the lowest bidder's offer if its investigation into the bidder's
capabilities and track record comes up empty, it's also true that multiple bids may come in
below the estimated cost of the job, making it difficult for the business to choose between
them if the tenderers seem cordial and their bids aren't wildly different in fee.
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The advising engineer may worry that all of the cheap bids may turn out to be unacceptable,
but he can't tell the company which one to choose because he doesn't have the data.
Selective tendering
Selective tendering is a bidding process in which a company announces a project and invites
prospective contractors to apply to be included on a shortlist of finalists. To "pre-qualify,"
contractors applying for work are given a list of questions to answer about themselves. The
agency benefits because he is able to select only reliable contractors who possess the
necessary skills, resources, and experience. Because there are typically just a handful of
contractors chosen, each one is aware that he stands a good chance of being the one to
secure the settlement, and therefore he has every motivation to examine the tender
documents carefully and provide his most competitive bid. Since all potential contractors
have already been vetted, it can be difficult to reject the bid with the lowest price, no matter
how suspicious it may sound. After a contractor has submitted a tender, his circumstances
may change, which is a problem with both open and selective tendering. He might lose
money on other contracts, which would affect his bank balance, or he might be so successful
at tendering that he does not have enough experienced workers to do all of the work he is
awarded. Therefore, neither the tendering method nor any other approach to purchasing
works can guarantee problem-free performance.
Negotiated tendering
By inviting a preferred contractor to make bids for a challenge, an organization can collect
bids through negotiation. This occurs most frequently when more work is required after an
initial settlement, or when specialist equipment is needed to complete a specific painting.
When working under extreme time constraints or in an emergency, negotiated tenders may
be the only option. Since a negotiated smooth is usually predicated on the enterprise's and
contractor's previous successful cooperation, it has a high possibility of becoming first-rate.
The contractor's costs are disclosed when he is asked to bid, and any questions are raised
and usually resolved without a hitch. The agency's consulting engineer and the contractor
can rest easier knowing that, barring any unforeseen complications, the project can be
finished under budget if this mistake is minimized. Although status regulations of public
administration occasionally allow for negotiated tenders, this is extremely unusual for public
works projects. But a private business or enterprise that isn't subject to limitations like those
described in the following section can always negotiate a settlement, and many do so,
especially for smaller projects. It is common practice to draft comprehensive settlement
agreements even when a negotiated smooth is accepted. This ensures that the contract is
legally sound. If the negotiated smooth fails or the chosen contractor is unable to complete
the work, the documents will be ready for open or selective tendering once they have been
produced.
Single stage tendering
Traditional, or single-stage, tendering is when a client issues a light for the complete project
and provides all necessary information at that time. The procedure is meant to guarantee
that the client may relax at a competitive price, and to that end, the contractor may also
chose to price aggressively to relax the job.
It could be a quick way to find a reliable service provider. Nonetheless, if aspects of the
challenge definition are missing or ambiguous, it can force revisions to be made later in the
agreement, and the ultimate account may be considerably different as unexpected expenses
accumulate. Contractors may try to find ways to reduce costs as a result of the delivered
pressure, even if it means risking a fine.
Clients are unable to get the benefits of early contractor involvement because of the
procedure as well. Time is of the essence, and contractors are becoming increasingly wary
of engaging in single-stage tenders due to the inherent risks involved.
Two stage tendering
Early client and contractor cooperation is facilitated by the two-stage tendering process,
which involves a prerequisite statistics degree. It is good to acquire input earlier than
sufficient records is available for the primary settlement on most projects, and especially on
those which will be more involved. Facilitating early entry between the main contractor and
customer helps to establish layout and cost truth, which in turn helps to accelerate the
challenge timescales.
This first section allows the contractor to provide information required by the pre-production
agreement, including but not limited to the venture's preliminary details, approach
statements, design, overheads, and earnings.
The second phase of the process should consist of a workout using the criteria established
in the first phase, if possible. In practice, however, there may be some devices not presently
considered, around which bargaining will occur. As a rule, these include situations in which
third-party contractors are employed. The design team must approve the secondary
contractor before contract negotiations may begin.
Cost-plus contract
Contractors are reimbursed for all costs incurred during the production phase under a cost-
plus contract. In fact, it is implied by the word "value" in the title. The costs may reflect direct
expenses, such as labor, materials, and other inputs. Insurance, gas, and a portion of your
office's rent are all considered overhead costs. They also receive an agreed-upon
percentage of the profits. The "+" sign is that.
Design and Build contract
Nonetheless, there are details concerning these agreements that you should know. To
begin, you must meticulously record your expenditures and have them ready for
presentation. That may necessitate you to put in extra time and effort. A cap may be placed
on how much money you can spend. Typical of cost-plus contracts is the practice of handing
over final plans to owners before soliciting bids for construction. That requires additional time
and other contracts. However, the design-build community accomplishes things in a different
way. A layout-build agreement, as the name implies, deals with construction costs and
design fees all at once. To be sure, the development process begins under this type of
agreement before the final plan is complete. Owners can save both time and money by
having all of their production assignments delivered at once with this strategy. The ability to
standardize processes and improve communication is another benefit. Applications with a
"not to exceed" spending cap.
Guaranteed Maximum Price Contract
The GMP agreement sets a ceiling on how much the owner will be responsible for paying
the contractor. Any costs beyond those specified in the GMP agreement are the
responsibility of the contractor and will be added to the owner's bill. The customer's
exposure to price risk is mitigated by these agreements. They set a hard cap on what the
owner will be responsible for paying, making it much easier to plan ahead financially.
Incentive Contracts
Contractors benefit financially from incentive contracts because they guarantee them
payment based on meeting certain performance benchmarks, such as completing the work
by a certain date or at a certain time. A higher fee is paid to the contractor if the task is
introduced at a cheaper price and/or by the specified closing date. The agreement specifies
the precise amount they will receive, which may vary depending on a set of criteria. So, the
contractor has an incentive to keep costs down and the project on track.
Integrated Project Delivery Contract
Lean IPD defines Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) as "a transport model for delivering
production initiatives the usage of a single agreement for layout and production with a
shared danger/reward model, assured costs, waivers of liability between team contributors,
an operating machine based totally on lean principles, and a collaborative tradition."
An IPD contract involves more than just the design firm, builder, and property owner.
Alternating partners is another possibility. The contractor's share of the agreement typically
includes coverage for subcontractors. Subcontractors will be legally bound to the Contractor
by this Agreement, but they are not required to sign it. Such an arrangement is similar to the
design-build contract in that it consolidates all of the project's deliverables into a single legal
document. By dividing the financial advantages of the project between the designer, the
builder, and the owner, this sort of creation contract encourages collaboration between all
parties involved. Layout and production expenses, in addition to the shared contingency, are
often rolled into the IPD contract. If the mission achieves the specified overall performance
standards, the chance and reward events (i.e., the parties to the settlement) agree to acquire
payment for their expenses and their proportion of the savings. If the work achieves the
predetermined financial goals, a lump sum payment is agreed upon.
Lump-Sum Contract
The mission can be accomplished by the contractor for a defined price with a lump sum
contract. The as opposed to submitting bids on individual deliverables, the contractor will
submit a lump sum payment for the entire challenge. It's a simple agreement that works
effectively for projects with a clear goal. They’re preferred when dealing with simple tasks
that don't call for accurate calculations. Forms such as these Contracts in the building
industry also facilitate transparent cash flow and management projections.
Time and Materials Contract
The owner of a project agrees to pay a fixed sum, known as a "time and materials" (T&M)
settlement, that takes into account the amount of time spent on the project, the cost of any
materials needed, and the standard rate of pay for similar projects. This agreement is as
easy to understand as the lump sum contract. However, T&M contracts allow for greater
leeway in material costs and factor in labor costs. If they acquire the materials in bulk, they
may add a markup to the final price.
04.Analyze how the construction industry has developed

overall in terms of company structures, it’s employees and
contracted work.
Construction industry development
In the context of land, property, or real estate, development is the process of combining
several actions to bring about the materialization of concepts and goals. As a company
financial, manufacturing, upkeep, or remodeling of structures, and a piece of land for the
purpose of generating monetary gain. The building trades require a plan for expansion and
development. Maintain viability and competitiveness in the market throughout time. To what
end is the claim of an agency, or a lasting cause, is what sets one institution apart from
another. Various analogous establishments. It is regarded as the company's "reason for
being" argument, in business terms, that's the central processing unit. Premise and enables
the organization to shape the concept of its method. Cases of originality the company's track
record of success increasing the worth of long-term partnerships by providing secure
providing high-quality, environmentally-friendly products and services to consumers through
sustainable engineering, manufacturing, and service capacities. effectiveness and
dependability are critical.
Work for contractor
Typically, a business owner or construction supervisor will bring in a contractor to help with a
project. Specialists in fields such as plumbing, concrete, and electrical painting are often
contracted out to contractors in the form of subcontractors. It is common practice for a
development firm that handles projects for multiple clients to serve as the general contractor
for large-scale endeavors. Smaller projects may warrant an individual contractor. In truth, a
contractor on a home improvement job is frequently a seasoned "Jack of all crafts" who
manages and often even executes the work himself. The overall contractor's responsibilities
tend to be extensive during commercial and large-scale home construction projects.
However, specific duties will vary depending on the type of business and the owner.
However, the following are standard responsibilities of a trendy contractor for a
manufacturing job:
 Formulating and overseeing the building schedule

 Establishing and maintaining order on the jobsite
 Recruiting and overseeing the work of external contractors
 Supplier and vendor contracts

 Equipment leasing and licensing
 Providing both on-site leadership and labor
 Helping with demolition, safety measures, and cleanup
It is common practice for the general contractor on projects requiring this kind of assignment
management to submit a bid, known as an assignment concept that details the project's
timetable, budget, and manpower requirements. These proposals are sometimes time-
consuming and labor-intensive for the contractor to put together because they require
quantity and material takeoff from the project requirements in order to arrive at accurate cost
estimates. The builder factors in the cost of materials, the cost of the condominium for the
equipment, the cost of labor, the cost of the workspace, the cost of insurance, the cost of
workers' compensation, and the cost of time, while developing these cost estimates.
Work for consultant
A consultant in the construction industry provides valuable oversight for building projects. A
construction consultant can be hired by an organization or a person as a means of project
management. Some businesses bring in expertise in production to help cut costs and speed
up the development process. Experts in the construction industry typically have a
background in production or construction management and may work either directly for an
organization or as a contractor for a variety of different clients. It is not uncommon for a
construction consultant to be responsible for the following aspects of a project
Visiting prospective building locations and assessing their viability
 Formulating budgetary projections

 Cooperating with suppliers to acquire sufficient inventory at a fair cost.
 Planning construction through analyzing and interpreting plans
 Client education regarding the technical aspects of a project
 Drafting agreements with suppliers and freelancers
 Facilitating Contractor/Client Dispute Resolution
 Establishing Project Schedules
 Monitoring progress reports to keep things on track and under control
 Facilitating communication by responding to inquiries and making expert suggestions
05.Critically evaluate how construction companies have

developed their structure and business ethos.
Building information modeling
Planning and designing a building is a group effort that necessitates feedback from a wide
range of people, including engineers, architects, builders, and clients. When everyone is
working on their own copies of a file, it is extremely challenging to see the changes being
made in real time using the traditional method. The proliferation of equivalent but distinct
plans is the result. Modern BIM software eliminates this issue by providing a crucial
database and making it possible for all parties involved to collaborate on a single shared
model. When compared to 6D BIM, which includes power budgeting, 5D BIM is mostly used
for pricing and scheduling overlays. These tools find conflicts in the broadest of scopes and
boost overall process efficiency. Models may be shown to scale and tested in a virtual
setting with the help of BIM technologies, which also incorporate augmented and virtual
reality.
3D construction printing
Additive manufacturing, another name for 3-D printing, is a green and effective building
method. Buildings can be printed in their entirety or with the highest quality prefabricated
building materials. Robotic 3-D printing uses high-quality creation materials and Building
Information Modeling (BIM) to create the design in layers. There's no need for molds thanks
to its extensive design freedom. Several distinct printing processes, including extrusion,
energy bonding, and additive welding, are in use. When compared to traditional brick
construction processes, 3D printing reduces waste and requires fewer sources of labor. It's a
completely computerized and programmed process that boosts efficiency and eliminates
human mistake. Three-dimensional printers (or printing services for large and small projects)
are a popular product line for new companies.
Offsite Construction
One of the most recent developments in the building industry is offsite production, which
involves creating and assembling building components at a factory rather than on the actual
construction site. In conventional production, adverse weather can increase costs by
necessitating more overtime and the introduction of contingency charges. Much more waste
is created in the form of raw materials during on-site production. Alternatively, offsite
production completely revamps the building lifecycle in terms of resource efficiency, worker
safety, and product quality. The use of cutting-edge 3-D printing technology and innovative
methods of assembly are also part of its innovative design. Volumetric production, which
includes modular and pod construction, is the first step in offsite building. Prefabricated
buildings, including residences, are now possible due to this method. The second is
panelized production, wherein the factory makes flat panels for usage as walls, floors, or roof
panels. The walls and support components of today's commercial buildings are installed
using this method. Therefore, new businesses provide modular production solutions to
modernize age-old building methods.
Construction Robotics
The construction industry still relies heavily on human labor. There are a lot of mundane,
time-consuming tasks that could be accomplished more quickly with the help of robots and
machines. Human-caused mistakes and losses from fatigue can be minimized further with
the help of construction robots. Collaborative robots, for instance, can be programmed to
perform a wide variety of repetitive tasks with high accuracy, including bricklaying, welding,
rebar tying, painting, and many more. Robotics systems can also be used to automate fleets
of heavy vehicles and tools used in construction, transportation, demolition, and other
industries. The time spent on construction projects can be greatly reduced and worker safety
improved in this way. Robotic construction automation boosts project output, eases labor
demands, and safeguards potentially hazardous activities.
Construction Project Management
One of the emerging trends in the manufacturing business is digital project management,
which makes use of cloud-primarily based software to satisfy quality, timeline, and cost
targets.All aspects of building are already defined by standards established by project
management. Initially, the project manager consults AI-based predictive algorithms to
assess the practicability of the endeavor. Once everything is green-lighted, the manager sets
milestones for everyone and allocates resources utilizing agency aid planning (ERP)
software. Cloud-based completely gear, together with enterprise useful resource planning
software, ensures transparency and permits enormous extent data storage. Managers also
utilize this type of program to fine-tune the difference between the planned and real
outcomes of each mission, as well as to discover the causes of any bottlenecks. Managers
create blockchain-based smart contracts at the end of the challenge to verify legal
responsibilities and forestall financial wrongdoing. In this way, virtual construction mission
control lessens wastage, boosts worker productivity, and ensures projects are completed by
the deadline.
Advanced Building Materials
As the construction industry moves toward more modular and environmentally friendly
practices, higher quality materials are being used to match the new methods of creation.
Concrete made on a 3-D printer and basalt are only two examples of the new, sustainable
materials that are replacing the old ones. The use of microorganisms in self-recuperation
concrete is bringing attention to materials derived from living organisms. Sustainable
materials, such as mycelium composites, bioplastics, and befoam, are also a part of the
current trend in the manufacturing sector. Aerogel, graphene, spider silk, carbon composites,
hydro ceramics, and nanomaterial make up the next tier of advanced materials. They have a
better water-retaining capacity and are lower in weight. Bamboo, cross-laminated wood,
transparent wood, and aluminum foam are examples of modern wood and aluminum
compounds that are both strong and biodegradable. Green, strong, and low-maintenance
innovative sustainable materials are becoming more familiar to startups.
Construction Monitoring
Manually screening projects is a huge hassle in the production industry because jobs are
spread out across several locations and include a large number of assets and people. Some
parts of production sites are inaccessible to humans but still need to be inspected often.
That's why planning departments are embracing technology to improve project
management. The monitoring process's value addition ranges from a minimal audit feature
(CM1) to a high assurance feature (CM2) (QA). Drone-based monitoring in conjunction with
LiDAR or thermal sensors is used in cutting-edge tracking and inspection methods. High-
definition (HD) cameras and artificial intelligence (AI) facial recognition methods are used for
worker tracking on construction sites. When it comes to finding errors and flaws within the
buildings, robots are superior to human inspectors because to the implanted sensor
technology they use. Because of this need, new businesses provide solutions to improve the
efficiency of tracking live websites.
06.Explain different types of construction companies in the

market and their relationships within the tendering
process. (Presentation)
Presentation slides 3,4
Presentation slides 21
07.Identify, with examples, modern construction processes

and sequences used within today’s industry, highlighting
the way they respond to sustainability needs.
Modern Methods of Construction
New Building Techniques With proper forethought and layout, each activity can be
completed in less time and at a lower cost while still maintaining a high level of sustainability;
this is the goal of modern manufacturing techniques (MMC). Methods of Construction in the
Present Day. Several methods have been studied and constructed in the present situation.
Below you'll find an index and explanation of today's most well-known and impressively
implemented manufacturing processes.
Types of Modern Methods of Construction
Precast Flat Panel System
Offsite online manufacturing of ground and wall devices lies at the heart of this form of
production. This can only be accomplished with dedicated manufacturing stores and storage
areas. After the panel modules have been manufactured per the design specifications and
needs, they can be shipped to the construction site for installation. This method works great
for activities that involve a lot of repetition, like manufacturing. Windows, doors, and interior
and exterior finishes are all available for the panels. Insulated and aesthetically pleasing
cladding panels for the building envelope are provided by the manufacturer and can double
as structural elements thanks to this method.
Figure 1 Precast Flat Panel System
3D Volumetric Modules
Off-site, modular production of three-dimensional objects is at the heart of the process

known as "3D volumetric production." It is possible to upload them to the website and put
them together piece by piece during the installation process. Modular production, in which
each component is a three-dimensional object, is also known as three-dimensional
volumetric construction or modular production. The modules can be shipped using a variety
of legal frameworks and methods. Transportation of the basic structure or a full unit with all
interior and exterior finishes and connected services is included; assembly is the final and
best part of the process. Each unique manufactured unit of the same product retains its
pleasant qualities throughout the manufacturing process. Therefore, this approach is ideally
suited for repetitive activities, allowing for quick delivery of the items.
Figure 2 3D Volumetric Modules
Flat Slab Construction
It's possible that the flat slabs, as a structural element, are more malleable than the others.
Because of its adaptability, it has found widespread application in manufacturing. Minimal
time and effort are required to create the flat slab. The column grids provided by the device
are also adaptable. Because of acoustic and fire safety concerns, flat slabs are a good
solution in places where it's far important to seal the walls to the slab soffit. The flat slab
method of building is faster and more cost-effective than other methods. The use of exposed
soffits is made possible by the fact that flat slabs can be built with a precise floor end for the
soffit. Manufacturing flat slabs allows for the exploitation of thermal mass in the planning of
air flow, heating, and cooling needs, which in turn improves power efficiency.
Figure 3 Flat Slab Construction
Precast Concrete Foundations
The foundation can be built quickly by renting a precast concrete machine. This method
excels in creating a unique design. Here, the pieces needed for the foundation's construction
are individually fabricated at a factory (off-site online) and then transported to the
construction site, where they are assembled. The quality of the synthetic item must be
exactly as specified by the designer. Concrete pilings provide further support for the built
base. Both buildings are interconnected during the building process. These foundational
methods aid in raising output, enhancing quality, and decreasing the amount of soil
excavated. This works great in extremely cold or hot environments. This method of
production is highly sought after when the building is being built above a visibly
contaminated subfloor.
Figure 4 Precast Concrete Foundations
Twin Wall Technology
The twin wall period is a wall device hybrid that combines the advantages of fast erection
and precast concrete with the durability of in-situ concrete, making it an ideal building
material. This type of wall system ensures the reliability of the structure and its ability to repel
water. A solid in lattice girder is used to separate the slabs. This technique of production can
be completed in a shorter amount of time and at a lower cost than standard building
practices. The production of precast flooring is an area where the twin wall method is highly
sought after for use.
Figure 5 Twin Wall Technology
Precast Cladding Panels
The cladding system consists of layers of material that together form a protective covering.
This layering method is not only for show; it can also help keep the elements out.
The cladding does not create a watertight environment. Instead, the cladding serves as a
cosmetic shield against rain and snow. This effectively aids in guiding the flow of water or
wind for managed runoff. This aids in preventing the shape of the building from being
penetrated.
Figure 6 Precast Cladding Panels
Sustainability needs in construction industry
The necessity for environmental responsibility in building Sustainable production means

reducing energy use and waste while maximizing the use of renewable and recyclable
materials in the construction of new systems. In order to reduce the negative impact that a
business has on the environment, sustainable practices must be used. Once construction is
finished, sustainable production isn't completed; the structure itself must have a minimal
impact on the environment. That's why it's important for architects to include details in their
plans that will reduce the structure's negative effect on the surrounding environment in the
long run. Insulation to prevent heat loss, solar panels to cut down on electricity costs, and
long-lasting materials are just a few examples.
Benefits to sustainable construction industry
Sustainable building has a positive effect on the environment, the economy, and society.
Environmental Benefits
 Higher standards for both water and air - High-volatile organic compound (VOC)
emitting components are not used, and proper ventilation and moisture manipulation
are guaranteed in environmentally friendly construction. These methods greatly
improve the quality of air inside buildings. Polluted water is prevented from entering
water sources thanks to waste management practices.
 Use less resources - According to the EPA, several different types of construction
waste can be recycled. This includes coal combustion byproducts, foundry sand, and
construction and demolition dust.Herbal sources can be stored in a landscape that is
also meant to reduce trash and pollution.
 Natural Resources were Protected - Sustainable construction, as defined by the
National Institute of Building Sciences, is planned and managed so that materials are
used and recycled in the most efficient and environmentally friendly manner possible.
Sustainable materials lessen global warming, resource depletion, and toxicity
throughout the life cycle.
Economic Benefits
 Save Money - Construction Executive reports that the reduced need for resources
like water and electricity results in much lower costs for a green building compared to
a traditional one. Since there is far less garbage to dispose of, there are fewer
expenses associated with doing so.
 Profits Have Gone Up - An increasing return on investment is shown in green

building, a growing industry. To put it briefly, more customers need to stay in
environmentally favorable settings. According to the EPA, people want to live in
environmentally friendly buildings because they can save money on utility bills over
the long run.
 Enhanced Productivity - Modular construction, which involves the construction of

modules off-site in controlled conditions, is an important method for eco-friendly
building. This technique lessens the time spent physically working on-site, which in
turn speeds up the pace at which projects are completed.
Social Benefits
 Enhancement of Physical and Mental Well-being - The construction of buildings that

generate less trash and emit fewer harmful chemicals can help improve the quality of
life in a community.
 There was little to no strain on the community's facilities - Green buildings are
beneficial to the environment and the communities around them because they lower
the demand for utilities like energy, water, and garbage collection.
 elevated standard of living - The advantages of sustainable production are discussed
in Construction Executive, which include the use of safer materials, more
productivity, greater noise safety, and enhanced global lifestyles overall.
08.Explain contract planning techniques used within micro

and macro projects.
A macro plan is a very high-level overview of a problem. Short and to the point, it covers the
essentials, the things you need to know to get the task done, without any extraneous details
or minute-by-minute timing.
An understanding of micro-making plans and its utility is essential knowledge for any Project
Planner. To those unfamiliar with the term, "micro-planning" refers to the process of breaking
down a large project into smaller, more manageable chunks in order to complete it on
schedule, on budget, and within the parameters you set for the project. Due of its many
advantages over more conventional approaches to assignment planning, micromaking plans
are a must-have for any company. This newsletter will provide some guidance on how to
properly implement microplanning for your business, even if you have never dealt with a
mission before or are unaware of the benefits they provide. Micro planning techniques may
appear intuitive at first, but you'll soon discover that using them to your own projects will help
you save time, reduce stress, save money, and boost productivity.Let's start by discussing
what micro-planning is and how it might help your projects.
In conventional project planning, the management creates a plan, describes the assignment,
and solicits the aid of others working on the project to ensure that it is completed on time and
within the allocated budget. This method requires extensive oversight and management from
a superior. When projects are managed according to detailed micro-planning, you may find
that you can accomplish far more with fewer resources. Instead of having a manager make a
plan, you and your team can work toward your goals by focusing on the finer points of the
objective and following through on the necessary actions. Providing your team members and
managers with a detailed picture of the project's goals and requirements is the primary goal
of micro planning, but it's also about making sure everyone has their own specific role to
play in seeing the project through to completion.
There would be a lot of problems with trying to stick to individual tasks in a micro plan. To
guarantee a well-planned project, consider micro planning while preparing for a new product
launch or a significant shift in your present advertising strategy. With the help of a micro
plan, you can set short-term, high-level objectives for your project and delegate specific
tasks to each member of your team to ensure that you meet your deadlines and achieve
your goals. This helps everyone on the team understand their role in the project and sets
reasonable goals for the amount of time and effort they should anticipate to put in.
Employees feel more responsible when they know that they can fail at their individual goals
in the plan without necessarily fearing for their employment as a result. However, employees
need not worry about losing their employment if they successfully achieve the goals and
meet the cut-off dates established in the plan.
The use of micro-planning is applicable to numerous job types and superiors. When
preparing for a new product launch or rushing to implement modifications to an existing one,
micro planning can be an effective tool. Following customer research data and trends
through time will help you determine your product's universal target audience, and applying
this information to your product's advertising and marketing efforts will help you determine
what kinds of products will appeal to this audience. With this information in hand, you'll be
able to tailor your marketing campaign's objectives to meet the data you've collected. The
achievement of those targets can be monitored to ascertain if the product is living up to its
expected standards and if the advertising effort is successfully reaching its intended
demographic. If it isn't, you can either adjust your advertising strategy or allocate more
resources to make it more effective.
Micro-planning can be a fantastic method to boost your team's performance. Although micro
planning is limited to a single setting, it has the potential to provide group members with
specific expectations on their individual roles and responsibilities and the means by which to
achieve the group's goals. In addition to fostering cooperation, traveling in lockstep can
boost morale because everyone involved knows they're making progress toward a common
goal. Having everyone on the team focus on their own success will boost productivity and
earnings across the board. A design engineer, for instance, might have his tasks laid out in
proper detail, with due dates and all, on a timetable. Similarly, a Procurement Engineer can
track his progress and plan for the next materials needed. Engineers in charge of production
will keep tabs on what they're doing in accordance with the Project Baseline schedule, which
will help them meet their deadlines and keep the whole project on track.
Comparison between Macro- and Micro-Planning
Creating a macro to-do list entails looking for the big picture, while creating a micro one
requires focusing on the mundane. The minute details of a micro to-do list will cause you to
lose sight of the big picture. Macro to-do lists, on the other hand, allow you to see the big
picture and focus on your long-term goals.Because you'll be able to zero in on your ultimate
goal more precisely, macro-planning will help you get more done. The rest of the tasks that
need to be done will fall into place when you have written your macro to-do list.
Benefits of Macro-Planning
If you want to stay focused on the big picture, macro-planning is the way to go. Incorporating
macro planning into your strategy does not mean you should forego using timetables
altogether. in other words, instead of starting little and working your way up, you start big
and work your way down. Consider what your organization hopes to achieve in one year,
two years, and 10 years from now when doing any kind of long-term planning. When
outlining smaller monthly and weekly responsibilities, it's simpler to begin with this big picture
in mind and work your way backwards. If you know where you want to end up, working
backwards can guarantee that every activity you engage in is, in effect, a step in that
direction. In order to achieve your long-term goals, you need to break them down into
smaller, more manageable chunks.
Disadvantages of Micro-Planning
No worker wants to enjoy micro-planning, which is a form of micro-coping with. Indicating to

employees that you don't trust them to complete tasks independently shows a lack of
confidence in their abilities. It can put a strain on friendships and possibly even derail your
group. When managers focus too closely on the details, they inevitably fail to see the forest
for the trees. Employees can develop a dependency on constant management scrutiny,
leading to burnout for the whole team. All of these factors combine to make micro-planning a
lousy idea. Micro-planning and micro-management are similarly infeasible at a large scale.
Someone from the company needs to spend all day, every day reviewing the minute details
of the team's work. Scaling up means more effort for everyone because the team must either
get better or take on more responsibilities.
09.Identify where BIM impacts upon operations and

construction companies.
Creators can prepare to launch a realistic job prospect that handles the entire project
together with the temporary employees they have recruited through data-showing and
drawing. As such, it is important to have a firm grasp on the few project-related requirements
and work that must be done to sustain the development programming cycle. Basic building
information modeling (BIM) has four levels (0–3) that involve interacting with publicly
obtained activities and drawing in with pricing, a few offices, and managing the time span
fragment. The impact of BIM on cost demonstration strategies and development
programming has been taken into account, and the appropriate work measure interface is
now ready for production. In this regard, it's important to plan for and resolve any potential
problems or disputes at the outset of a project before moving on to brainstorming potential
solutions. In addition, contractual employees and consumers initiate potentially cooperative
commitments that can catch up the plan-related obligation and connect to a successful shop
network-related system. When making decisions on the business's framework, service
providers with plan skills take into account the easily distinguishable and virtual climate. In
addition, the main components of the development cycle connect with the work evaluation
and cycle conveyance commitment of BIM. The practice of building information modeling, or
BIM, is a practical method for thinking about, organizing, and planning buildings of any scale
or complexity. Remember the benefits and drawbacks of BIM demonstrating as you decide if
a BIM situation is right for you and how BIM fits into general development.
BIM and general construction, Advantages of BIM
Better planning and layout: BIM allows you to visualize a completed project and all of its
elements and frameworks before the first shovelful of earth is moved onto the building site.
This information allows for more efficient utilization of available resources and space. Fewer
revisions are needed when using BIM since problems can be identified and corrected before
they are submitted in the physical world. The need for costly maintenance and repair is
thereby reduced. Financial resources allocated to materials: BIM frameworks monitor assets
and provide detailed information on requirements even before construction begins. Rather
than pre-planning for every eventuality, you can stock up on necessities only as they are
reached. Help for building: Building Information Modeling (BIM) lets you and your partners
pre-assemble portions of the project more efficiently offshore, saving time and money.
Critical Success Factors for Building Information Modeling on a Construction Project
 Boosting Performance and Productivity in Construction

 Industrial Severity: A Must for Success
 Pursuing a career as an industry pioneer requires an openness to the exploration of
novel approaches.
 Involved a Requirement from the Owner
According to the academic perspective on BIMM, all the established BIMM indicators were
given equal weight in the study. Academia consistently ranks the following BIMM indicators
as top ten: information delivery method; data richness; data accuracy; work flow; document
and modeling standard; and quality control. Only four of the top 10 BIMM markers were also
acknowledged by Contractors and other AEC specialists as being among the finest in the
industry. Method of Information Delivery, Accuracy of Information, Document and Modeling
Standard, and Quality Assurance and Monitoring were the BIMM indicators. All academic
indicators for Project Success scored over the threshold of 4.00 on the mean, establishing
their validity as indicators of Project Success. Quality Objective was deemed the most
important indicator of project success, followed by Schedule Objective, Cost Goal, Customer
Satisfaction, and Safety Objective. According to Contractors and Other AEC specialists,
these Project Achievement Markers have varying levels of importance depending on the
stage at which Project Success targets have been achieved. Interoperability, senior
leadership, hardware upgrade, data delivery method, and technology and process innovation
all received significant attention in BIMM's ANOVA testing, indicating their measurable value.
This indicates that the mean score of BIMM indicators is evaluated very differently by
different groups. Cost Management, Work Progress, Earlier Problem Recogniztion, Effective
Communication, Safety Management, Scope Clarification, Timeline Control, and Quality
Management were the 10 Construction Project Management guidelines most frequently cited
by academics. Freelancers and other AEC specialists have shown that the accomplished
CPM indicators of earlier problem detection, more effective communication, and extension
clarity consistently rank among the top ten on projects aided by BIM. According to the
analysis of variance (ANOVA), there is no statistically significant difference between the
academic subgroups in terms of mean scores on the Benefits Includes and Construction
Multitasking guidelines. Employees on temporary assignments who participated in the exam
provided useful information during the exam's subjective and quantitative portions. Because
of what was learned during the ad hoc gatherings, "Data Security" was included as a
separate BIMM indicator. This was highlighted as a crucial aspect to think about for BIM
Maturity, and it was also discovered in the quantitative research as poorly attended to on
BIM-assisted projects.
Benefits of BIM for the Construction Industry
In the manufacturing sector, BIM has a number of advantages that stand out as particularly
helpful. Case studies have shown that BIM can cut down on costly redesigns. CAD is used
to develop the layout, whereas BIM is used to identify potential conflicts. Because the
designer can integrate custom parts like ducting into the building's interior and external
plans, they can ensure that everything will operate together. The elimination of needless
readjustment and hardship is another prized advantage. Because flaws may be easily seen
on a BIM model, they can be fixed before construction even begins. BIM facilitates better
communication between architects and builders, resulting in a better end result.
Architects and Designers
Designers and architects can benefit much from conflict discount and minimizing renovation.
This lends credence to the idea that their designs are feasible to build. It's true that BIM
helps architects and designers save time, but that's not all it does. BIM's benefits in terms of
layout preservation are likewise appreciated by designers and designers. The design can be
implemented if architects can guarantee the concept is maintained from the beginning to the
end of the design period. In this way, the final structure will look just like the original plan,
giving property owners the exact result they were hoping for.
Project Managers
Users of BIM as project managers report numerous benefits. According to Dodge Data &
Analytics, project managers that have adopted BIM have witnessed significant
improvements since 2015. Using BIM has helped reduce project costs and free up more time
for busy project managers. And that's from a tape recorded conversation that happened
three years ago. Improved quality in the three years since the beginning of the BIM era. Task
managers can get the best return on investment with BIM creation thanks to the increasing
number of firms adopting the software.
Subcontractors
By far, the greatest gains from using BIM are experienced by subcontractors. Subcontractors
not only experience the same benefits as mission managers, but also see certain bonuses.
BIM is most useful for subcontractors in change order management, according to a recent
survey. As an easy-to-use tool, BIM can be used by subcontractors to help you complete
purchase orders. Even at its most fundamental level, BIM should be able to help prevent
change orders, which is why it is valuable to subcontractors when they are requested.
Subcontractors can demonstrate the need for BIM by linking relevant BIM files to trade order
requests. Also, if there are many versions of the plan, subcontractors can compare them to
determine what has been updated.
Estimators
In the realm of building information modeling, a database of statistics would best describe
the data. Using BIM, you may cut down on the money often spent on maintaining and
replacing each part of the building. Because of this, the cost of the model can be easily
tallied using BIM software for all of the component parts. The work of an estimator is
simplified as a result.
BIM does not eliminate the need for a professional estimator. It is beneficial to the business
and the project that estimation methods have years of expertise and training. But the
benefits of BIM to the knowledge base are clear to the estimators. The updated version can
serve as a second check for estimators. They can consult with the designers to go over the
model if they find a significant discrepancy between their figures and the model's numbers.
This way, both parties will have the information they need to make an informed estimate and
plan.
10.Analyze how construction has developed in terms of

innovation, designs, and within contracts for micro and
macro projects, and the interrelationship with BIM
Innovation in construction projects
Improved methods, products, or services are all examples of innovation. It comprises

implementing novel concepts, which in turn produce adjustments that help meet the needs of
a business and increase its ability to compete. Despite the vital role this sector plays in
driving the overall growth and development of the economy, applying innovation to the
development company is not a simple task. Every single production job is different, and as a
result, production companies need to modify their strategies and assets to meet the
requirements of each individual project. Every website online is a one-of-a-kind prototype
whose settings evolve over time. The construction site is a dynamic environment, with
workers and vehicles constantly moving around. Also, consultants may not be able to
effectively utilize their prior experience due to the weather or other external variables.
Therefore, even though innovative answers to specific problems add to the general enjoy
and practices of a corporation, as innovation is undertaken on a one-off foundation, it might
not constantly benefit the enterprise as a whole as is probably anticipated except it is
feasible to integrate it into the organization's general management strategies. To be
effectively managed, measured, and controlled, innovation needs to evolve from being only
the application of correct thoughts to being a technique. For this reason, it is crucial that
innovations be standardized. The secret is to approach innovation as a tool for management.
Each department in a company can manage and improve its own unique innovative features,
then incorporate those developments into the overall reduction of rigidity in the company's
procedures. As long as it is handled as a system, innovation in the creation industry can be
standardized. The following are all aspects that can be considered when analyzing this
method:
 The scope, complexity, and difficulty of the project, as well as market demand,
business opportunities, legislation, access to new technologies, and so on, all play a
role in this stage of the process, which entails identifying the need and opportunity for
innovation through the analysis of creation methods during the planning section,
potential alternatives, and innovative ideas in order to help achieve assignment and
enterprise objectives.
 The decision to adopt innovative solutions at the construction site online is based on
the objectives, benefits, and competitive advantages anticipated by the employer, as
well as the opportunity to transfer innovations to other jobs. The evaluation of cutting-
edge choices needs to factor in each difficulty and business aims.
 The adoption of a technical or organizational strengthen necessitates the
commitment of the entire organization, the innovation team, and the broader
construction site workforce. • Creation of ground-breaking solutions on the
development site. The organization must commit the necessary funds and resources
(both human and material) to implement the innovation. Adjusting planned sporting
events to accommodate the actual situation is an essential step.
 Together, the team and the organization need to evaluate the success of the
innovation endeavor. It's important to think about every stage of the innovation
process and everything that's associated to it.
 Results must be effectively transferred to future construction projects so that they can
be utilized. In other words, once something has been learned, encoded, and
reapplied, the innovation process is complete.
11.Provide a detailed analysis of how the construction

industry has evolved in terms of innovative construction
methods and contracts
Complex, adaptable innovation frameworks are characterized by interconnected phases of
development that receive a wide range of inputs and are subject to both positive and
negative large-scale influences and the possibility of nonlinear outcomes. Learning about
development frameworks enables more effective cross-sector education since innovations
are shaped by socio-specialized frameworks that involve the proportional cooperation of
community and mechanical components. To a large extent, modernization frameworks are
guided by institutions that reflect the goals of the incredible rather than those of destroyed,
underestimated, and future populations; however, foundations can be reshaped by artists
with varying degrees of intensity in ways that support development for economic growth.
Predictive software, photovoltaic glaze, self-healing concrete, modular construction, 3D
modeling, and predictive software are all part of the innovative building approaches that will
be required to create the suitable system support and to project the essential planning. The
wave of new and exciting construction techniques is the focus of the design strategies, new
material management with energy supply, and advancements in the applicable work
process. An active work criterion has emerged as a result of the widespread involvement in
work that links to strategic planning strategies and the unveiling of potential future workplace
helpfulness. Improved technological prospects are the result of using the appropriate design
approach and effectively managing the subsequent design integration. New technologies
should be taken into account in this regard so that better quality and cheaper raw materials
can be made available to this market. It is possible to plan for future collaboration using a
systematic work channel and a long-term growth direction based on 3D-printed structures of
varying constructions and the appropriate monitoring technique. In addition, preconstruction
methods make use of VR-based help that can facilitate subsequent labor processes.
Contract planning has three stages
 Contract evaluation
 Construction planning
 coordination and scheduling
Contract Evaluation
 Priced bill of quantities.

 Tender construction schedule.
 Method statements.
 Organization chart.
 Drawings.
 Specifications.
 Conditions of contract.
 External Quotation
Construction Planning
 Making up stuff to do.

 Implications analysis of the events.
 Time and money are two factors that must be taken into account for even the most
complex of undertakings.
 Integration of timetable and cost estimates is a big concern.
 Technological and operational choices.
 Setting up a Timetable
 Determining Order of Events by Using Identifiable Criteria.
 Integration and planning
Planning, Scheduling and control of Projects
 Project Management entails three primary activities: planning, scheduling, and

controlling.
 The first step in the planning process is to identify the activities or tasks that need to
be done.
 Phase of scheduling involves arranging operations in the sequence in which they
must be carried out.
 During the control phase, progress against goals is analyzed alongside previous
projections.
 The Critical Path Method (CPM) is an efficient method for performing the
aforementioned tasks.
Prerequisites for the use of CPM
 Dividing the project into smaller, more manageable chunks

 Establishing a priority ranking for the tasks
 Using a network representation to draw attention to the preceding and following
actions.
 In order to divide up resources and calculate how long various tasks will take.
 Thinking of the network in terms of its logical dependencies.
Critical Path Method
 The gold standard of scheduling methods.

 This approach estimates how long a project must take to conclude, taking into
account when certain tasks could begin and end.
 The critical route is the chain of tasks that must be completed in order for the project
to be completed successfully.
12.Explain how health & safety has now become an

integrated part of the construction process.
Every job has some degree of uncertainty attached to it, but some sectors are more prone to
danger than others. It's no secret that the construction industry is one of the most dangerous
professions, but with the correct health and safety protocols in place, accidents may be
avoided and lives can be saved.
Implementing health and safety strategies early on in the development process can
significantly reduce the amount of potential hazards on a production website. It's quite
simple for hazards to increase and injuries to occur as a result when management neglect to
apply these health and safety procedures.
The health and safety of workers, bystanders, and the business itself are all at risk if the
proper precautions aren't taken at a production site, which we discuss in detail here.
Workers are safeguarded by health and safety policies.
Painting from heights, moving enormous objects, operating heavy machinery, and working
with abrasive materials are just some of the challenges construction workers face on a daily
basis. Risks associated with working conditions can be considerably reduced by having the
proper health and safety procedures in place and by making sure the crew is privy to these
measures. Health and Safety Executive (HSE) data shows that the construction industry is to
blame for 30% of fatalities within the administrative hub and 10% of all other major accidents
involving painting. Worker injuries and fatalities frequently occur as a result of falls from
heights, being struck by moving objects, being pinned under or crushed by machinery, or
being buried alive during excavation. Vibration white finger, carpal tunnel syndrome,
occupational deafness, and dermatitis are just some of the maladies that construction
workers are susceptible to. Exposure to overly loud noises, breathing in dust and filth, and
using vibrating instruments all contribute to the worsening of these conditions. After
exposure to asbestos and silica, for instance, construction workers run the risk of developing
occupational malignancies. While the potential for harm is high, it can be mitigated to some
degree by taking the necessary precautions to ensure the health and safety of all workers on
construction sites. Such methods will provide managers and workers with the knowledge
and records necessary to safely carry out the process by providing crucial information about
the dangers concerned and the means to prevent them.
Health and safety risks in construction
More than twice as many people die in freak accidents in the creation sector as the national
quarterly average, and the number of people who have nonfatal injuries is nearly 50%
higher. In all honesty, production sites provide a myriad of health and safety risks due to the
dynamic nature of the workplace. However, most responsible employers are cognizant of
their duty of care toward employees, site visitors, and anyone else who might be harmed by
their operations, and so they exercise careful oversight of the production site and take all
necessary precautions to prevent accidents. Management performs risk assessments to
identify potential threats.
Working at Height
Tradespeople are commonly required to work at height during the building of homes and
even during demolition projects. Many people are hurt and even die each year as a result of
accidents involving top contact on components. Commonly used access and mobility
regulations increase the dangers of working at height. Personnel who are expected to
perform at their highest level need training, as well as training in safety consciousness.
Moving Objects
There are always new challenges to overcome and new hazards to confront on a building
site, and these only rise as the project progresses. Construction sites may be nerve-
wracking due to the high volume of vehicles and workers in motion at any given time: cranes
hoisting large loads overhead, delivery trucks, dump trucks going wherever they need to go,
and pedestrians navigating the often crooked pathways between buildings.
Slips, Trips, & Falls
Considering the wide variety of activities occurring on a production site at any given moment,
it's easy to believe that unexpected slips, trips, and falls occur on a daily basis. The
construction site is a chaotic place full of holes in the ground, houses in various stages of
completion, scaffolding, and stacked supplies and equipment.
Noise
In the building industry, noise is one of the most common hazards. Long-term exposure to
loud, continuous noise causes hearing loss and can be a dangerous distraction that leads to
accidents. Employers are obligated to conduct and file a comprehensive noise threat
assessment, and trouble necessary PPE, to ensure the safety of their employees.
Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome
Hand-arm vibration syndrome, sometimes known as "blue finger," is a painful and

debilitating business illness of the blood vessels, nerves, and joints brought on by using the
prolonged usage of vibratory strength instruments and floor operating device. Repayment
claim claims initiated by former manufacturing workers who toiled for years with little safety,
using irrelevant and poorly maintained equipment, sometimes make reference to this
business sickness. Ex-HSE students have access to sizing and advice suggestions based
on your group's specific needs.
Material & Manual Handling
On a manufacturing web page, materials and equipment are constantly being raised and
transferred by hand or with the assistance of lifting apparatus. Additional requirements vary
per trade, but it's possible that every industry has at least a little bit of inherent danger. When
an employee's duties include working with guides, they must complete the appropriate
training. Adequate training is required whenever a lifting device is used, and this may also
take the form of a few different types of tests to ensure that the user is competent. It is
imperative that documentation of academic achievement be kept for inspection.
Collapse
It's more of a coincidence that everything is ready at the right time than a real risk. Every
year, people working in excavations and trenches are crushed, buried, and seriously injured
because safety measures aren't taken beforehand. Unintentional collapses nevertheless
account for a certain number of annual fatalities, and the risk is highest during demolitions or
when a building is only partially complete and the scaffolding gives way.
Asbestos
The current generation of construction workers, including joiners, electricians, and plumbers,
view asbestos as a problem of the past. Nevertheless, you'd be wrong to think that. It is
estimated that half a million public buildings in the United Kingdom contain asbestos, a
chemical that is deadly even when left alone. When on the job, employees should be aware
of where asbestos might be located and what to do if they discover any potentially
dangerous materials.
Diseases of the Lung Caused by Airborne Fibers and Materials
Construction sites attract a lot of people and generate a lot of dust and dirt. Unseen, rare,
toxic mixture of harmful compounds and fibers that can damage the lungs and cause
conditions including COPD, asthma, and silicosis. Giving out protective gear isn't enough...
Employers must ensure that all safety equipment is easily accessible and used. Employees
who fail to meet this standard may face disciplinary action and trouble with the health and
safety executive.
Electricity
Three workers per year are electrocuted in the manufacturing sector, most often when
performing renovations on commercial or residential buildings. Workers in close proximity to
overhead cables and wires are also at risk. It's also becoming increasingly common for non-
electricians (such as plumbers, joiners, and interior decorators) to be electrocuted while on
the job despite their use of electrical paints. You and your staff may gain insight into the risks
related to electricity and the measures that should be taken to avoid electric shock by taking
our Electrical Safety Awareness eLearning course.
13.Describe the government legislation which has

benchmarked health & safety within construction.
The registration, enactment, or promulgation of regulation with the assistance of a
legislative, parliament, or other governing body is the process or product known as
legislation. Legislation that has not yet been signed into law is still technically referred to as a
"bill" and is commonly known as "rules" at this time. is still being worked on to set it apart
from the competition. The effects that laws functions including: modifying, authorizing,
prohibiting, providing, offering (a price range), sanctioning, and supplying to stake a claim on
or limit. An example of government action that is not legislative is a government agency that
operates under the authority of a statute. In order to create or alter a piece of legislation, it is
necessary to first identify a specific problem. As a whole; in a thorough fashion. Drafters and
designers of coverage must take this into account when Consider the best possible options
for resolving problem regions. Bill contains potential explanations. Restrictions could include
enforcing penalties with an emphasis on covert actions. The green light for business
mobility, etc. It is customary for a legislator (such a senator or representative) to introduce a
bill into the legislature. It is debated by legislators (in Congress or Parliament) or the
executive (in the Oval Office). Legislation, which is frequently revised before becoming law.
The vast majority of legislatures pass best-case scenario a Minimal amount of the total
requested payment in a consultation. The question of whether or whether a specific bill In
most cases, the number of bills that are most actively being presented indicates the
authorities' top legislative priority. Legislation is commonly regarded as one of the three
pillars of government. remarkable in light of the separation of powers principle. Those have
the proper academic legislators who have the legislative legislators who have the legislative
legislators who have the legislative legislators who have the legislative legislators who have
the legislative legislators who have the legislative legislative legislator authority under the
law to interpret statutes; The Chief Executive's Officpresident can do his duties most
effectively within the limits and authorities established by law, which vehicle through which
the foundational powers of government are erected. In many cases, legislative bodies are
tasked with determining purpose and tactics. On the other hand, when the rule of law is
determined by means other than the traditional governmental structures or institutions, such
as supplementary law or amendment to the constitution is passed. Different types of rule-
making include votes in favor or against, directives in council, and rules. It's been a while,
but the period regulation is back. Those terms and conditions have been around for a while,
and can also be referred to as the "first rules’’ omit those of other types.
Constitutional Legislation with Public Involvement
The concept and principle of popular sovereignty is enshrined in and proclaimed by every
modern constitution and fundamental law. This notion states that the people themselves are
the ultimate source of public power and political authority. When a community is mature
enough for political action, popular sovereignty asserts that the will of the people should
serve as the guiding principle. One such interpretation is that it is a crucial part of the checks
and balances inherent in representational democracy. As a result, people have an
inalienable right to actively participate in the legislative process without delay. Connecting
citizens with their government and lawmakers is central to the idea of legitimacy. Even
though most people just know the bare minimum about their country's legislative institution
and its members, opportunities for exercising democratic control over the system and the
coverage-making technique still exist. In order to increase public engagement and
confidence in the legislative process, civic education is crucial.
14.Discuss the role of collaboration and communication in

ensuring safe working practices.
Protecting employees better
There are numerous possible threats and concerns while operating a production website
online. Surprising occurrences are always a possibility, even in the presence of stringent
safety regulations. The best strategy to counter this? Collaboration The best way to ensure
the well-being of team members is through clear, concise communication. In order to keep
your team well-informed at all times, it's important to keep lines of communication open.
Awareness
Before any employee, regardless of rank or level of interest, is allowed to set foot on a
construction website online, they should be well aware of all the risks involved. Workers who
lack basic knowledge pose one of the greatest threats to any company. Put everyone else in
danger Recognizing current dangers and maintaining a Being in a state of constant vigilance
is one of the best ways to avoid disaster accidents See the OSHA Safety Check to learn
more about these dangers and how to avoid them. Lists Everyone who visits a virtual
construction site must know certain things. hazards, and how to avoid them using their
knowledge of, security for a live website during production. Development managers are
responsible for informing their staff about potential risks. Such as when they are working on
a production site, and they need to ensure the safety of their staff Those risks. Any manager
who doesn't update their employees and team on a failing as a supervisor is the best
method to avoid harm and guarantee safety. Protecting the well-being of the construction
crew and site visitors alike should be the top priority of any production manager. If the public
does not understand because they pose a threat to the workers on the site and should be
kept away from the site at all costs.
Training
Although most of a construction worker's skills can be learned on the job, safety is one skill
set that is best learned before entering the building site. Pamphlets, worksheets, training
videos, and even on-site training opportunities are just some of the tools made available by
the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and other organizations to help
businesses educate their new employees on common safety and security procedures.
Experts in a field should update their knowledge of best safety practices by taking annual
refresher courses. The goal is to make sure that everyone has received adequate training,
thus training sessions might include basic topics like fall safety and the proper use of
ladders. After finishing their training, participants should know what safety measures to take
in the event of an incident. Regular production safety training is something that all
employees are expected to attend, but having the opportunity to hone those skills in a real-
world setting might greatly assist those in the construction industry in actually enforcing the
safety regulations. Training in construction site safety on the job site will give workers hands-
on experience in a real-world setting where safety is paramount, increasing the likelihood
that they will master the skills they've learned. Workers in the manufacturing industry are at
risk of serious injury or death if they lack the right training. In a country where accidents and
fatalities are so common, an education is especially valuable since it can protect you from
ethical and financial ruin brought on by things like workplace mishaps.
Communication
When workers aren't sure what to expect, accidents increase. In order to reduce the risk of
physical harm, it is best to be as open as possible about one's plans and desires for the day.
Companies in the construction industry would be wise to provide their employees with
devices such as cellphones, walkie-talkies, and headsets to facilitate efficient and
environmentally friendly communication amongst team members. Workers won't know what
to expect without open lines of communication between all parties involved in the project.
Keeping everyone on the same page and in the loop is made easier by clear and
straightforward communication with each other, which in turn speeds up the overall process.
One way to make sure everyone on the production site understands the importance of safety
is to keep everyone informed and make sure everyone is performing their job.
Documentation
Implementing production site safety requires comprehensive online documenting of all

activities to be carried out at the site. Most construction agencies have to jump through a few
legal hoops before they can begin constructing, so acquiring all necessary registrations and
permits beforehand is crucial. It is obvious that supervisors and contractors who will be
responsible for particularly challenging jobs, such as blasting, should show evidence in their
certification at an early stage of their work at the site. This safeguards the development firm
from criminal prosecution and public scrutiny and, more importantly, prevents accidents due
to inadequate training. Any concerns about worker safety that make it into the media will
make manufacturing firms look bad. Not surprisingly, workers in the building industry aren't
interested in joining a manufacturing company that doesn't prioritize their well-being. Any
reports of employees being hurt on the job due to lax safety procedures will send potential
new clients running from your manufacturing company. It is possible to avoid injuries and
other mishaps on production websites by employing safety precautions. Factors such as
faulty or improperly used safety equipment, hazardous work environments, and human error
all contribute to the prevalence of falls. In addition, cloud and mobile technology are making
it less difficult than ever to keep track of all field work for the purpose of preventing future
complaints.
Better coordination
Members of a team can now work together more effectively than ever before thanks to
mobile apps. It can be difficult to coordinate schedules and changes, but with the help of a
software tool, people can inform anybody they wish. To avoid any misunderstandings or
missteps in communication among staff members, this is a great solution. Collaboration
software streamlines the process of sharing knowledge and information, which is crucial for
any kind of development effort.
Improved emergency response
When people are able to work together more effectively, emergency services can be on the
scene more quickly. It would be helpful if the word could go out fast so that lives and
property might be saved.
More trust and respect
Trust and consideration must be shared in order for people to work together effectively. If
your group is able to work together and divide tasks evenly, you have a solid foundation on
which to build. You'll find that the members of your team start to care about one another and
develop a sense of camaraderie as a result.
Better transparency
Your construction company may flourish if you promote teamwork and open dialogue. This
ties again into creating a basis of trust and candor amongst your group. As a result of this
honesty, interactions and financial returns will improve.
Reduced dispute resolution
As cooperation improves, so does the quality of the experience provided to the customer.
Improved buyer satisfaction correlates with fewer cases requiring resolution. Time saved
from the absence of capacity conflicts can be better spent paying attention to all aspects of
the project.
15.Demonstrate how the construction industry has

benefited through changes in health & safety legislation.
All of the positive outcomes that might result from a company's taking seriously its duty to
protect its workers and any other people who might be present on its premises are a direct
result of instituting and enforcing health and safety policies and procedures. The advantages
of health and safety include lower expenses, lower dangers, fewer injuries, improved status
among providers and companions, enhanced reputation for company duty among investors,
clients, and groups, and increased productivity as a result of healthier, happier, and more
inspired workers.
Safer Jobsites
Mishaps can be avoided. Inadequate protection control methods, complacency, insufficient

or no training, improper device or equipment, and a general disregard for production job
safety all contribute to an environment that is more dangerous than necessary for the team
of workers. Building companies may prevent injuries and boost productivity and
competitiveness by committing to a safety subculture that begins at the top and trickles down
to all employees. This subculture should include safety training and the mandatory use of
personal protective equipment (PPE).
No Project Disruptions
The impact of creation protection on the timely execution of activities is one of the main
benefits for every company. The ability of the tradesmen to collaborate effectively on the
jobsite is just as important as their building expertise when it comes to delivering the project
on time. Adopting and firmly enforcing protection standards protects workers from harm, and
prevents the unpleasant consequences of a task delay. Improved efficiency for the
contractors and timely results for their customers are the inevitable results. It's a win-win for
everyone involved.
Staff Retention
How likely are you to work for a manufacturing firm with a poor culture of safety? If a
company doesn't address your concerns about safety, how long do you think you'll stick
around? Do not bother to respond. In the long run, businesses that do not provide secure
working conditions will lose their employees. Instead, they reap the benefits of safe
worksites, which translate to both high retention rates of current employees and elevated go
with the flow of new people, when they follow OSHA regulations, provide all necessary PPE,
regularly complete Job Hazard Analysis, remove jobsite exposures, and listen to employees
when concerns are raised. In other words, if you emphasize efficient operations and win over
your security culture's adherents, you'll not only be able to keep your current staff but will
also emerge as the go-to option for attracting and retaining top new hires. They are aware of
your concern for them.
Great Reputation
No employer wants to be associated with the news coverage of a fatal workplace accident
involving one of their employees. When it comes to the manufacturing sector, how does your
company rate in terms of safety? To what extent do you intend to improve it, and how do you
intend to become a recognized leader? When thinking of strategies to make a difference,
keep in mind that embracing a safety strong culture, mandating protection measures to
adhere to, and encouraging employees to voice concerns on acknowledged hazards are
critical components of being known as a leader in safety within the sector. When you spend
money on safety, you may give your customers more peace of mind when they use your
products or hire your services, and you can create a reputation for providing reliable results.
Because of your company's stellar reputation, you're at the top of your clients' lists for
potential partnerships on new projects.
Increased ROI
To finish a high-quality, useful project on time, it's essential to eliminate risks on the job site,
bring in a crew that plays by the rules, and promote a never-ending, ever-improving safety
subculture. It's a no-brainer that any business that prioritizes security will reap enormous
financial benefits (ROI). Injuries can be disastrous for a business since they lead to higher
insurance premiums and possible OSHA fines. The culture of safety you've established will
help you achieve the high levels of productivity and competitiveness necessary for success.
Lessons Learned About the Value of Construction Safety
 Maintaining a culture of safety leads to safe workplaces and happy employees.

 Disruptions to work schedules can be avoided by adopting and enforcing safety
procedures.
 A strong emphasis on safety increases employee loyalty and helps bring in fresh
perspectives.
 Consistent safety rules and practices help businesses earn a stellar reputation.
 A company's productivity and competitiveness can benefit greatly from your
approach to safety.
16.Evaluate the impact of health & safety legislation, how it

has evolved the drivers for it, and its advantages or
weaknesses within construction.
Maintaining a secure and healthy work environment in the administrative hub is crucial for
the wellbeing of employees and their performance of individual duties. There are legal
guidelines in place to direct employees, employers, and the general public with regards to
enforcing health and safety procedures at work. The health and safety of those who work in
administrative centers is everyone's responsibility, regardless of the laws that may or may
not be on the books. When health and safety measures are put into place in the workplace,
ability hazards can be assessed, and significant risks may be pinpointed. As an added
bonus, this opens up opportunities to implement safety protocols for your business's
employees and surrounding community. These critical actions are necessary to lessen the
costs associated with safety blunders.
The effects of unsafe working conditions on construction companies.
A construction company can run into a number of issues if it does not properly address
health and safety issues by implementing the necessary steps and making sure the staff is
aware of what constitutes adequate fitness and safety strategies. To begin, the company
stands to lose a substantial amount of man hours and productivity, which might have a
devastating impact on its capacity to turn a profit. If health and safety guidelines aren't
adhered to, personnel are more likely to suffer accidents or illnesses, decreasing the
quantity of time they may spend working on-website. This, in turn, affects the construction
business's productiveness and profitability. There are legal complications as well. A
construction company risks HSE fines and regulatory action if it fails to establish and
maintain adequate health and safety procedures. In the worst-case scenario, the company
may be shut down and sued by employees or passers-by who were injured due to the
absence of health and safety precautions. Due to violations of health and safety laws, certain
construction companies have had their accreditations and memberships in trade
associations revoked. The agency's once-solid reputation is now in shreds, making it
extremely unlikely that it would acquire even a fraction of the commercial enterprise it once
did.With so many potential risks in the construction industry, it is in everyone's best interest
for all sites to implement and strictly adhere to appropriate fitness and protection protocol.
This entails the regular inspection for danger, the assessment of any hazards presented,
and the necessary measures to lessen or eliminate these dangers. The ability of a
manufacturing company to effectively implement health and safety procedures at their work
sites is also largely dependent on the quality of their workforce's training. Workers should be
given the proper training to help them recognize potential hazards in the workplace and to
cope with such hazards in a way that keeps accidents and illnesses to a minimum. To
protect the workers, the community, and the popularity and future of the business itself, it is
worthwhile to consider expanding, introducing, and implementing the required fitness and
protection measures to a production site and its personnel. Production work is not without its
risks, but good health and safety practices may significantly decrease those risks and keep
everyone on the team happy and healthy.
Cost of works related accidents, injuries and ill health
In addition to having significant effects on worker health and employer performance,

workplace accidents often carry a significant financial burden. There are apparent and
invisible, transparent and concealed costs involved here. Examples of such losses and
damage include those to property, bodily injury, medical expenses, legal fees, lost pay, and
business profits. The costs of injuries and illnesses among employees aren't always easy to
see, and businesses often aren't aware of the full extent of the damage they do. Costs
associated with health and safety issues, for instance, are three- to four-times higher than
those officially documented by the company, as mentioned in Curran.
Conclusion
construction Practices Management tor civil engineering is one of the important subjects.
Able to understand the process and of the contact and the tender and the project
management. We have many questions before studying the CPM subject. But now all doubt
has been cleared. Got an ability to read and understand English and searching ability and
analyzing ability has been increased. Math solving skill also improved.
Reference
[1] Ukessays.com. 2021. Professionalism in the Construction Industry. [online] Available
at: [Accessed 2 September 2021]. Management, C., 2021. 3 Types of Tendering
Methods in Construction. [online] The Constructor. Available at: [Accessed 6
September 2021].
[2] Management, C., 2021. Modern Construction Methods -Details and Applications.
[online] The Constructor. Available at: [Accessed 7 September 2021].
[3] Sand age, E., 2021. Sustainable Construction Benefits, Technologies and Best
Practices | Exacted. [online] Exacted. Available at: [Accessed 7 September 2021].
[4] Esub.com. 2021. Benefits of BIM for the Construction Industry. [online] Available at:
[Accessed 11 September 2021].
[5] Alcumus. 2021. Top ten health and safety risks in construction. [online] Available at:
[Accessed 13 September 2021].
[6] Esub.com. 2021. Construction Site Safety | eSUB Project Management Software.
[online] Available at: [Accessed 13 September 2021].
[7] Trade Source. 2021. The Benefits of Construction Safety for Your Company | Trade
Source. [online] Available at: [Accessed 13 September 2021]

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Construction Practice & Management

S.PAVISHAN J/CE/20/17/01 REG NO

PEARSON NO- NF41458

Table of figures .................................................................................................................... vii

Growth in the Building Sector ............................................................................................ 2

Occupations available to qualified individuals in the Building Trades ................................. 2

Architects' Functions ......................................................................................................... 3

Civil Engineer’ Functions ................................................................................................... 4

Construction Project Manager’ Functions .......................................................................... 4

Quantity Surveyors’ Functions ........................................................................................... 5

Civil Engineers .................................................................................................................. 6

Structural Engineers .......................................................................................................... 7

Quantity surveyor .............................................................................................................. 8

Project Planning Responsibilities ....................................................................................... 8

Project Management ......................................................................................................... 9

Project Monitoring ............................................................................................................. 9

Sub- contractor .................................................................................................................. 9

03.Identify the type of contractual work tendered by contractors. ........................................ 10

S.PAVISHAN J/CE/20/17/01 P a g e | iii

Selective tendering .......................................................................................................... 11

Negotiated tendering ....................................................................................................... 11

Single stage tendering ..................................................................................................... 12

Two stage tendering ........................................................................................................ 12

Cost-plus contract ........................................................................................................... 13

Design and Build contract ................................................................................................ 13

Guaranteed Maximum Price Contract .............................................................................. 13

Incentive Contracts .......................................................................................................... 13

Integrated Project Delivery Contract ................................................................................ 14

Lump-Sum Contract ........................................................................................................ 14

Time and Materials Contract............................................................................................ 14

Construction industry development .................................................................................. 15

Work for contractor .......................................................................................................... 15

Work for consultant.......................................................................................................... 16

Building information modeling .......................................................................................... 17

3D construction printing ................................................................................................... 17

Offsite Construction ......................................................................................................... 17

Construction Robotics ..................................................................................................... 18

Construction Project Management................................................................................... 18

Advanced Building Materials ........................................................................................... 19

Construction Monitoring ................................................................................................... 19

Presentation slides 3,4 .................................................................................................... 21

Presentation slides 5,6 .................................................................................................... 22

Presentation slides 7,8 .................................................................................................... 23

Presentation slides 9,10 .................................................................................................. 24

Presentation slides 11,12 ................................................................................................ 25

Presentation slides 13,14 ................................................................................................ 26

Presentation slides 15,16 ................................................................................................ 27

Presentation slides 17,18 ................................................................................................ 28

Presentation slides 19,20 ................................................................................................ 29

Presentation slides 21 ..................................................................................................... 30

Modern Methods of Construction ..................................................................................... 31

Precast Flat Panel System ........................................................................................... 31

3D Volumetric Modules ................................................................................................ 32

Flat Slab Construction .................................................................................................. 32

Precast Concrete Foundations ..................................................................................... 33

Twin Wall Technology .................................................................................................. 34

Precast Cladding Panels .............................................................................................. 34

Comparison between Macro- and Micro-Planning ........................................................ 38

Benefits of Macro-Planning .......................................................................................... 39

Disadvantages of Micro-Planning ................................................................................. 39

S.PAVISHAN J/CE/20/17/01 Page |v

Critical Success Factors for Building Information Modeling on a Construction Project . 41

Benefits of BIM for the Construction Industry ................................................................... 42