Cover Sheet

Course/Unit Information
Course Post Graduate Extended Diploma – UCAM/CIQ
Unit No.
Unit Name PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND IMPLIMENTATION
Unit code UCAM/CIQ/
Batch Sample Assignment

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Assignment Information
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Date Assignment Due Sample Assignment

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(To be filled by the student prior submitting the assignment)
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 Student Declaration

I, Mutie Mohammed hereby confirm that this assignment is my own work and not copied
or plagiarized. It has not previously been submitted as part of any assessment for this
qualification. All the sources, from which information has been obtained for this
assignment, have been referenced as per Harvard Referencing format. I further confirm
that I have read and understood the Westford rules and regulations about plagiarism and
copying and agree to be bound by them.

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 Learning Outcomes and Assessment Feedback

Module UCAM/CIQ/ Project Management And Implementation

Code &
Title
Module Learning Outcomes
LO1 Understand What A Project Is, The Project Life Cycle, Stakeholders And Roles,
Challenges And Importance Of Project Management.
LO2 Develop Project Management Plan And Align Critical Resources For Effective
Project Implementation
LO3 Employ Effective Project Communication And Stakeholder Engagement
Management Strategies
LO4 Be Able To Implement And Evaluate The Project Outcomes Using Measures
Assessment Types Marks Marks Achieved

Report on Chosen Organizational Scenario 50

(Task 1A)

Presentation (Task 1B) 20

Building Project Network Diagram 30

Overall Score 100

Overall Grade

Date

Summative Feedback:

Overall Feedback on
current work with
emphasis on how the
student can further
improve in future.

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 Marks Grade
70 to 100 A - Distinction
60 to 69 B - Merit
50 to 59 Pass
40 to 49 Fail with Resubmit
0 to 39 Fail with Retake

General Guidelines
(Please read the instructions carefully)

1. Complete the title page with all necessary student details and ensure that the signature
of the student is marked in the declaration form.
2. All assignments must be submitted as an electronic document in MS Word to the LMS
(Use 12 Times New Roman script).
3. Assignment that is not submitted to the LMS by the prescribed deadline will be
accepted ONLY under the REDO and RESIT submission policy of Westford.
4. The results are declared only if the student has met the mandatory attendance
requirement of 75% and/or a minimum of 50% under extenuating circumstances
approved and ratified by the Academic Director.
5. The assignment should not contain any contents including references cited from
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6. Students can refer Wikipedia as a source of information, but the references cited
in Wikipedia has to be mentioned.
7. Submit the assignment in a MS Word document with the file name being:
First Name Last Name_ abbreviation of the subject.
Example: John Smith_OM.

Quick reference Checklist for the Faculty/Instructor to accept/reject the assignment

before evaluation:

1. Adherence to the deadline of submission date.

2. Original cover sheet and format retained.
3. Student information and signature intact.
4. Font style and size used as instructed.
5. Harvard Referencing System and Citations are strictly followed.

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Assignment Task 1A: [50 Marks] – Project Format

Read the following Scenario, and prepare a report with the guidelines provided.

Scenario: The learner is acting as an internal Project Management (PM) consultant for
a chosen organization (preferably where the learner is currently working or any other
chosen organization in mutual consultation with the instructor). The learner is required
to explore the Project Management Practices, Develop Project Plan, Project
Management strategies, formulate effective stakeholder engagement plan and project
control strategies using metrics-driven culture.

The report should include the following and written in word format :
1. Introduction of the Chosen Organization is required. The student must then
describe all the phases (project life cycle) and the key activities involved from the
time of project initiation to project completion of a particular project. The key
outcomes of each project stages must be discussed explaining its alignment with
the project management strategy. [8 Marks]

Introduction
In this study, XYZ Airport Authority has been selected. XYZ airport authority was
established in the year 1959. The company achieved great success in the past and is also
currently involved in many new projects. XYZ airport has taken steps to alleviate
passenger experience and it came up with a new brand, XYZ international, it signifies the
transformation from airport operator to a customer based company and it believes in
becoming the worlds busiest airport and the best on the planet. In this study, the project
has been explored for research purpose. The information on this project has been
accessible to me as I was a part of this project. The next section will discuss the project in
detail.

Current project of the organization or the project that was completed

The xyz board of directors met the CEO in February 2019, and discussed the future plans
for the company for its growth. The CEO briefed that due to recent competiton among
major airport of the world, XYZ airport authority plans to bring about a tremendous
transformation to boost passenger experience by bringing about virtual experiences
depicting the entire city as well as bringing music, art, fashion and cultural exhibitions
that showcase the local heritage of the country. There will be enhanced shopping
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experience in the duty-free shops catering to individual needs. The major attraction will
be the introduction of a monorail connecting the airport to various terminals thus easing
passenger flow. Though the XYZ airport currently has a fleet of carts to move passengers
around, but the introduction of monorail would enhance new shift in customers behaviour
of choosing the particular airline which have a layover at XYZ airport. The company
R&D and engineering and marketing team had decided to respond to this and developed a
project-based plan to pursue the first monorail prototype. XYZ airport is launching
project Cyber, a new way of utilizing machine learning to essentially remove waiting and
check in times.
Need/problem identification or change required through this project
The top management of the company realized that there were various factors that drove
them to take this project initiative. Among them the foremost was the introduction of the
Artificial Intelligence (AI), machine learning, algorithms, and other emerging
technologies to offer personalized services and enhance the customer experience and
optimize airport operations (Artificial Intelligence in Aviation Industry, 2021). The need for the
introduction of AI in airport operations was to enhance customer experience, ease
passenger flow and to detect any suspected items which could could be harmful for the
other passengers. Another added bonus for implementing this was that it could reduce
human error and make the process of baggage screening work smoothly. Moreover, AI
systems replicate the capabilities of the human mind. These advanced algorithms can sort
large amounts of data, which in the security X ray screening realm make decisions on
whether to reject or clear a passenger bag in the presence of a detected threat item.
Project life cycle and its stages
The first and foremost stage of the project is the initiation process which involves the
idea behind it, the study and factors which trigger it, identify project stakeholders. The
second stage is the planning process which involves specifying the requirements,
gathering the resources and producing the design specifications. The third stage is
developing the product and deliverables. It includes briefing the team members and
monitor the quality of work. It even includes managing the budget. This is followed by
acceptance testing and authoring of the installation and support manuals. And the last and
final stage comprises implementation, handover and customer satisfaction.

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The key outcomes and deliverables of this project are to determine whether the project is
feasible, and identify the major deliverables. Providing reports to key stakeholders;
Conducting post-implementation

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Project Cyber life cycle stages

Stages Explanation Outcomes

Initiation This process is June 2021- July 2021
performed so that
projects and
programmes are not
only approved by a
sponsoring body, but
also so that projects
are aligned with the
strategic objectives
of the organisation.

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Planning The project plans are August 2021-
documented, the December 2021
project deliverables
and requirements are
defined, and the
project schedule is
created.
Execution The execution team December 2021-
utilises all the November 2022
schedules,
procedures and
templates that were
prepared and
anticipated during
prior phases.
Unexpected events
and situations will
inevitably be
encountered.
Monitoring This process October 2022- May
involves comparing 2023
actual performance
with planned
performance and
taking corrective
action to yield the
desired outcome
when significant
differences exist.
Closure The closing process June 2023- September
involves handing 2023
over the deliverables
to the sponsor/client,
handing over
documentation to the
owners, cancelling
supplier contracts,
releasing staff and
equipment, and
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 informing
stakeholders of the
closure of the
project.

Why the organization adopted a project management approach

The company adopted the project management approach in this energy efficient monorail
development project. A cross functional project team from R&D, design, engineering,
quality, finance and marketing was formed. A project director has been nominated with a
complete role and responsibilities for all the team members. The idea was to develop
their first prototype in 6 months from the date of initiation. The project management
approach allows the project team to achieve their desirable goals and also make use of
project management strategies such as set the scope, planning, scheduling, budgeting
work breakdown structure, costing, HR planning, quality management for effective
project management. It also allows prioritizing the business resources and its efficient
utilization. Project management approach in this particular project also helped team
members to analyse various stakeholder requirements and strategically link to the project
and also manage stakeholder during and after the project. This approach also enables the
business to analyse risk related to this project and find ways to mitigate them. The
general aim of project management methodology is to be able to standardize, structure,
and organize work methods. This helps focus all projects in the same way and allows us
to repeat successful aspects and learn from mistakes, resulting in a continuous
improvement process (Gil, 2015).

2. Review the key benefits of project management and its positive impact on your
work organisation. Critically evaluate the current and long term solution required
to address the current and future project management challenges the firm is
experiencing. For this purpose, students should conduct a review of relevant
academic literature using online libraries (i.e ProQuest or any other viable
source). Your literature review should include at least 2-3 articles taken from
reputed research journals/ article publications. It is expected that the findings of
the literature review will be woven into the rest of the report as candidates are
required to demonstrate critical thinking.

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The purpose of a literature review is to place each work in the context of its contribution
to understanding the research problem being studied. Describe the relationship of each
work to the others under consideration. Identify new ways to interpret prior research.
Reveal any gaps that exist in the literature. A literature review establishes familiarity with
and understanding of current research in a particular field before carrying out a new
investigation. the literature review can help in four ways. It can: 1 bring clarity and focus
to the research problem; 2 improve research methodology; 3 broaden knowledge base in
research area; and 4 contextualise findings. The literature review involves a paradox.
Literature review
XYZ airport authority has to face stiff competition with well-established airports to
sustain its position in the international market and to align with the technological
development it has to be advanced in passenger flow, transport and passenger experience.
Its growing plan sees a big challenge ahead of it and if it does not possess a strong
growing agenda and efficient marketing plans, its vision to be the best airport in the
world will be a difficult task.
The goals set by the organization are extremely demanding and a strong strategy is
required to achieve the result which can make this company the fore runners and become
the first choice for everyone.
Digital transformation should begin with a problem statement, a clear opportunity, or an
aspirational goal, Jay Ferro, CIO of Quikrete, recently explained. "The "why" of your
organization's digital transformation might be around improving customer experience,
reducing friction, increasing productivity, or elevating profitability, for example," Ferro
notes. "Or, if it's an aspirational statement, it might revolve around becoming the absolute
best to do business with, utilizing enabling digital technologies that were unavailable
years ago."
As Dion Hinchcliffe, VP and principal analyst at Constellation Research, writes: "The top
IT executives in today's rapidly evolving organizations must match the pace of change,
fall behind, or lead the pack. That's the existential issue at stake in today's digitally-
infused times, where bold action must be actively supported by out-of-the-box
experimentation and pathfinding. This must be done while managing the inexorable daily
drumbeat of operational issues, service delivery, and the distracting vagaries of the
unpredictable, such as a major cyberattack or information breach."
Key benefits of project management

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Some of the important benefits of project management are that clear, organized plans
improve team collaboration, defining everyone’s role eliminates confusion, well defined
goals improve team effectiveness, defining a communication plan keeps team aligned and
focused and project management tool help increase efficiency. The main advantage of
project management is that it helps you to manage your projects effectively, enabling you
to resolve problems more quickly. It takes time and money to manage a project.
Positive impact on work organization
Published by Twproject Staff/in project management. Project benefits are referred to as
“the measurable improvement deriving from a result perceived as an advantage by one or
more stakeholders, which contributes to the achievement of one or more organizational
objectives”.
Another positive aspect of project management is the act of delivering projects under
strict and maintained. It was for this that the project manager was trained for. The
executives within the PMO’s are to budget compliance, deadline compliance, scope
delivery and conform to the business performance.(Zwikael and Smyrk, 2102)
Some of the positive aspects of project management are that it increases productivity,
increase in project cost of savings, delivering project on time as scheduled, knowledge
management, to develop better quality and organizational structure, to enhance financial
management, there should be effective communication,
Moreover, there are certain challenges that the company faces in the implementation of
project management. Some of them are scope creep, lack of communication, lack of clear
set of goals and success criteria, budgeting issues, inadequate skills of team members,
inadequate risk management, lack of accountability and limited engagement of
stakeholders.
In order to overcome these obstacles, there are different approaches by which these
problems can be solved. Some of them include clarifying goals which is due to unclear
objectives and planning, always be available and open, avoid vague ideas to meet
deadlines, develop skills, build leadership.
However, by evaluating digitalization integration in project management, it can help to
overcome challenges.
Some of the challenges faced by XYZ airport authority are unmet capital needs like
airside, terminal and surface links to airports needs to expand and upgrade. Airport
service obligation like pricing of food, baggage and seat selection can negatively affect
flying experience. The greening of aviation like energy, manufacturing and transportation

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can help define the future of world economy. High fuel prices is making it highly
expensive in getting to the airport. In order to become one of the top airports in the world
and to be recognized duly for passenger safety, it has to implement artificial intelligence.
Most passengers face the wrath of long waiting lines for baggage screening. Moreover,
due to the current pandemic, passengers have to spend a large amount of time before
boarding. In case there is an issue with baggage screening for a particular person, it can
increase the waiting time for other passengers. There is also the problem of meeting
deadline, that means the project should be completed within the timeframe otherwise if it
is delayed it can have a negative effect on the stakeholders. measuring the effectiveness
and the quality of the project. It cannot be compromised.
One of the most important challenges faced by XYZ airport authority is the additional
expenditure incurred in the implementation of artificial intelligence for baggage
screening. Although artificial intelligence systems need less regular maintenance, they
can be more expensive to build initially. Moreover it faces risk assessment and
mitigation, which means identifying the risk, analyzing the risk and mitigating the risk.
During the risk assessment process, an enterprise identifies potential risks that could
harm its ability to operate (Garcia, 2019). Another challenge which XYZ airport faces is
training the staff to embrace new changes. The company may need to conduct regular
trainings and awareness related to software and process updates, this can prove to be
highly expensive. In addition to this, another problem faced by XYZ airport is managing
the multinational team working in different departments. It makes it highly difficult to
deal with staff who come from different parts of the world. To keep the implementation
cost within the budget. If it exceeds, then it would have a negative impact on the
stakeholders. And if the project is not completed on time, it may lead to other
unnecessary delays and stakeholders may lose interest in the project. Another important
problem faced by airports in the introduction of AI is there can be a threat of hacking and
software infected with a virus. To tackle these issues will incur high maintenance cost
and used of skilled engineers.
Thus all these problems can be tackled easily by digitalization. By making the baggage
screening software run completely on artificial intelligence, there will be zero chance of
human error. Moreover, by implementing AI, it can reduce the long waiting time and
prevent unnecessary delays. Moreover, with the current pandemic, air travel should be
made completely contactless. That means passengers should be able to download the
boarding pass on their phones in the comfort of their homes. Artificial intelligence should
be used at airports to recognize the passengers by eye scan, and even detect any
suspicious activity by body movements. Use of queue management technology or
purpose-built physical distancing monitoring systems to identify what areas in a
checkpoint are at highest risk. Many people might need additional PPE kits and face
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masks. This can be implemented at airports by installing vending machines which is run
completely on a software. Futuristic airports will adhere to social distancing protocols
and will notify the authorities through cameras installed on those who are not following
the protocols. Baggage screening will also be done without placing the bag on a belt,
rather just walk through a screening machine with the bag, and it will automatically
detect the things inside the bag by the use of artificial intelligence. Crucially, AI systems
improve as more and more information is fed into them. In the case of airport security,
machine learning can be used to analyse data and identify threats faster than a human
could (AI at airports: how is artificial intelligence speeding up security?, 2019). AI has the
potential to significantly raise the performance of airport screening equipment – enabling
new image classification and object recognition functions at the checkpoint, which could
pave the way for a more automated, alarm-resolution-only passenger screening
(Thompson, 2020). AI has been a critical technology in transforming the operations of the
travel industry amid this crisis.

3. Propose a project management plan for implementing a digital transformation

project in your organisation to bring-in agility in your overall business operation.
Discuss how the project plan will impact the overall strategic business objectives
of the organization. The project plan must be an action plan where the student is
encouraged to make real-life assumptions and not just engage the reader in theory.
The plan should define the following :
● Business objectives
● Project requirement/ scope
● Project objectives
● Project assumptions
● Project roles and responsibilities
● Timeline with Gantt charts
● Risk management with populated template
● Stakeholder management with populated matrix
● Project funding/Budget
● Other areas can be discussed
[15 marks]

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Business objectives: The main objective of XYZ airport authority is to implement AI
technology for the smooth flow of passenger by taking into consideration software in
fields like baggage screening, reducing long waiting lines, recognizing any threats by
human body movements and eye scans. The basic aim is to have people walk through an
AI powered security system to be scanned without taking off their shoes or belt or
emptying pockets. Making use of highly efficient x ray machines inbuilt with high sense
software for taking decision whether to clear or reject a baggage in the presence of a
detected threat item.
Project requirement/scope: airports around the globe are implementing AI, machine
learning, algorithms and other emerging technologies to offer personalized services and
enhance the customer experience and optimize airport operations. AI systems replicate
the capabilities of the human mind. These advanced algorithms can sort large amounts of
data which in the security X-ray screening realm, make decisions on whether to reject or
clear a passenger bag in the presence of a detected threat item.
Project objectives: The implementation of neural guard which is a dynamic technology
company which develops Artificial Intelligence based auto detection solutions for the
security screening market. EyeFox is an AI based system that delivers automated threat
detection at high accuracy levels for Xray security screening operators. This technology
minimizes close contact with bag contents and people, increasing efficiency and
productivity. The main objective in this particular project is to increase the security at
airports and make baggage screening a smooth and seamless affair. This would increase
productivity and motivation.
Project assumptions: It’s important to note that every project assumption poses a potential
risk. Some of the possible assumptions in integrating AI is project member’s
performance, skills, vendor delivery time, performance issue and accuracy of the project
schedule dates.
Project Roles and Responsibilities: to utilize Artificial Intelligence technology to perfect
the threat detection process. To cultivate a dynamic security operation where technology
can be effectively deployed to maximize the efficiency, accuracy and the baggage
screening process.

Timeline with GANTT charts for Project Cyber:

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Risk management with Populated Template:
Nowadays, as companies get bigger, the risk of failure increases too. It is of much
importance to manage this risk and lower it as much as possible. Usually, the project
managers are the ones who try to mitigate risk.
In short, risk management is looking at your goals for the project and seeing what
potential shortfalls there could be. The goal is to prevent a problem from happening
before it happens. It is important to look at all possible risks; even though the risk is
unlikely, it is best to take action in case an issue arises.
There are many types of risks. However, the most common types of risks are being
behind schedule and having delays, and cost. Sometimes, companies underestimate the
cost of a project, and quite often projects go overbudget. In addition, unexpected events
could occur, which could increase costs even more. Delays are a very big risk and could
turn away customers, so it is vital to remain on track.
There are numerous ways to manage risk. The most important one is to create a risk
management plan. It is crucial to have a strong project plan that explains how to deal with
risks. Without a plan there will be very poor risk management. The plan should cover
how you plan to approach unexpected risks, risk tolerance, and how to communicate risk.
Secondly, the company should understand the risk event. For example, many have ‘miss
the deadline’ as a risk. This should not be the approach. Instead, they can look at the
specific reasons that could make them miss their deadline and act accordingly. Too many
a time managers mistake the impact as the risk. Finally, it is best to predict rather than
react. The managers should predict what risks might occur instead of waiting until a risk
pops up and potentially being too late to manage it.

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 Risk Management Process

The above diagram is a common way of managing risk. First, managers constantly monitor the
situation, then identify any risks that may arise, assess the degree of risk, and finally respond. A
template is a useful way of showing what the risks are in a condensed format.

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Stakeholder management with populated matrix
Working with each of the stakeholders is important because it could affect the whole
project. Managing them is difficult, but with the right methods it is possible.
First, it must be figured out how interested they are in the project, and how much power
they have. If they power is high, then they should be satisfied with the project and its
progress, lest there are problems and the stakeholder is unhappy. Interest is also
something that should be managed, as they would want to be informed of current matters.
With all of this in mind, it is possible to create a matrix of the current managers and the
engagement strategy for them.
Stakeholder Power Interest Engagement strategy

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 Head of Project High Low Meet their needs
Keep satisfied
Project Manager High High Key manager
Software Engage closely
Project Training Low Low Least important
Manager Minimum effort
Project Manager Low High Show consideration
Hardware Installations Keep informed
Procurement and High High Key manager
Budgeting Manager Engage closely

Project funding/Budget: The two most important elements for budgeting this AI project is
proving a technological goal and productization. Budgeting can be implemented by
identifying the problems with which we want to solve the problems, to prioritize base
value, acknowledge internal capability gap, assign the task to professionals to set up a
pilot project, form a task force for integration of data, start from basic, incorporate
storage as part of the plan. Identify the major costs of an AI project to avoid unexpected
cost. Top of mind, executives might be hard-pressed to fund innovation.

● Stakeholder engagement is critical for project managers to produce desirable

project outcomes. Explore how your organisation’s stakeholder engagement
strategy is likely to contribute to organisational performance. Further, critically
examine how an effective project communication strategy is important to retain
and best manage the stakeholder engagement. We encourage students to draw
from the examples of other firms, sharing their experiences in relation to the
question. [10 marks]

STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT:
A stakeholder is a party that has an interest in a company and can either affect or be
affected by the business. The primary stakeholders in a typical corporation are its
investors, employees, customers, and suppliers.
Some of the stakeholders in project management are as follows:

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 • Project manager.
• Team members.
• Managers.
• Resource managers.
• Executives.
• Senior management.
• Company owners.
• Investors.
Some of the roles of stakeholders in project management are as follows:
• The project manager who is the head of the project defines, plans, controls and
leads the project.
• The project team members produce the output for the project and take part in the
project management process, they contribute skill to perform task.
• The manager is the person with formal authority who is responsible for the project,
oversees the project and acts as a mediator between the upper management team
and the leader, gives authority, guides and prioritizes the project.
• The project customer is that group whose needs drive the project, they get final
output that is produced by the project, responsible for project requirements and
funding.
• Resource managers give organization policy and funds, especially those who have
responsibility in the project.

A stakeholder is a person who has an interest in the company, IT service or its projects.
They can be the employees of the company, suppliers, vendors or any partner, security
agencies and transit passengers. They all have an interest in the organization. Some of the
stakeholders in this particular project are the public who get benefit from the technology,
manufacturers and people implementing AI technology, the government who provides
funds to implement the usage of artificial intelligence through science institutions,

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businesses and companies etc (Role of Stakeholders in Business Organization - Compliance
Prime Blog, 2019).

The goals of artificial intelligence include learning, reasoning, and perception. AI is

being used across different industries including finance and healthcare. Weak AI tends to
be simple and single-task oriented, while strong AI carries on tasks that are more
complex and human-like (Frankenfield, 2021) .

Why are stakeholders crucial

Stakeholder mapping is an exercise to help determine who are the stakeholders and how much
engagement, communication or consideration they need. By mapping and prioritizing the
stakeholders, we can focus our attention in the most useful way.

Stakeholder engagement helps in empowering people, getting stakeholders involved in the

decision-making process, create sustainable change, engaged stakeholder helps in informing
decisions and provide the support needed for long term sustainability.

Stakeholders usually have an in-depth understanding of a company or organization's

goals and objectives and can communicate those messages better than someone without
inside knowledge. They can also speak with authority because of their role with the
organization (McQuerrey, n.d.).
By having a valid concern and the ability to communicate effectively, a stakeholder gains
legitimacy and can positively influence its relationships with organizations.

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The Stakeholder Salience Diagram models stakeholders along three dimensions of:
power, legitimacy, and urgency. These three attributes are combined into an overall level
of stakeholder salience for the project.
Examples of latent stakeholders: dormant, discretionary, and demanding. These
stakeholders have low legitimacy, high power, and low urgency. Being high power, they
can impact your project.

Strategies to engage different types of stakeholders

Some of the strategies to keep stakeholders engaged are to take a survey about the
potential stakeholders, by prioritizing the stakeholders through interest and influence.
Stakeholder mapping in order to measure ROI, active communication with the
organisation on a regular basis. Conduct meet ups to gain academia knowledge. By
conducting stakeholder analysis in identifying stakeholders. This is called stakeholder
mapping. By identifying the main cause of the problem and searching for opportunities in
order to overcome them and ways to mitigate those risks.
Engaging with stakeholders plays an important role in project management. Thinking of
ways to influence stakeholders in order to boost productivity, to support the company in
the engagement process and the type of skills and approaches to be brought about for
enhancing productivity.
Some additional ways to keep stakeholders engaged are to identify the stakeholders at an
early stage. Familiarize the stakeholders to one another. Listening with patience to their
ideas and plans, leading with integrity, engaging them in the estimates, working together
with the team, managing expectations.

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 It is vital for a project that all stakeholders should be communicated well in advance for
such communication a project brief will be prepared by the executive team. Individual
project managers will make their own project debrief based on metrics driven approach.
Weekly project brief meeting will be held with all the stakeholders involved at different
level of project execution. All project managers will send weekly updates to the head of
the project. A project communication plan is the written strategy for getting the
right information to the right project stakeholders at the right time. Each
stakeholder has different requirements for information as they participate in the
project in different ways.

● Critically evaluate the wider implications of metrics-driven project management

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 approach. Discuss at least three possible suitable metrics you would recommend
for the proposed project. [5 marks]

Metrics driven project management approach

Metrics means that activities are driven towards a deadline and its objectives are
pre-set. Metrics need to be integrated into project life cycle processes to support
project selection, project execution, workforce improvement and portfolio
management. Metrics can provide indicators of organizational project
management maturity, growth and sophistication.
The project management evaluation is the systematic approach to evaluate or
measure the progress of project in each stage. There are various approaches or
methods available to evaluate or assess the progress of any specific project in the
organization. Among them, metrics driven are considered to be more objective
and accurate.
The evaluation process have the following roles in the project monitoring and
controlling
Continued review of capacity development needs
Improve results based reporting on achievements
Strengthen teamwork and ownership
Feeds into evaluation and real time learning

According to PMI metrics and metrics approach enable to measure the progress of each
task objectively by using a specific metrics or standards. “In the context of project
management activities, metrics can offer a glimpse of the full range of expectations of a
particular deliverable or the tasks that would produce that particular deliverable.
Additionally, metrics can gauge the status of a deliverable relative to expectations for
scope, cost, and delivery date. In the latter case, metrics are also aimed at small
measurable attributes that have a predictive or comparative capability” (PMI Org, 2021)
Below are three possible suitable metrics recommended for the proposed project
1.Productivity: the overall capability of a company is looked by this metric. How well it
utilizes it resources. Productivity is defined as a total output per one unit of a total input.

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In control management, productivity is a measure of how efficiently a process runs and
how effectively it uses resources (Managing Productivity | Boundless Management, 2021).
Productivity = unit of input/unit of output
2.Gross profit margin: The company needs to understand the cost of generating its
revenue. Your margin is the percentage of each dollar earned after costs have been
subtracted. For instance, if you charge $100,000 for a project and it costs you $60,000 to
deliver, your profit is $40,000 (Heffernan, 2021).
Gross profit margin= (total profit-total costs)/100

3.Return on Investment (ROI): ROI is an indicator used to measure the financial gain/loss
(or “value”) of a project in relation to its cost. In context of a project, ROI is a measure
which is used to gauge efficiency or effectiveness of your investment in a project.

ROI= (Net Benefits/ Costs) x100

● References and writing style: You must strictly adhere to the Harvard
Referencing System Format and present the report in an Essay type format where
applicable.

References:

Airport-technology.com. 2019. AI at airports: how is artificial intelligence speeding up security?.

[online] Available at: <https://www.airport-technology.com/features/ai-at-airports-security>
[Accessed 11 June 2021].

tavtechnologies.aero. 2021. Artificial Intelligence in Aviation Industry. [online] Available at:

<https://www.tavtechnologies.aero/en-EN/review/pages/artificial-intelligence-in-aviation-
industry> [Accessed 11 June 2021].

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Frankenfield, J., 2021. How Artificial Intelligence Works. [online] Investopedia.com. Available at:
<https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/artificial-intelligence-
ai.asp#:~:text=Artificial%20intelligence%20(AI)%20refers%20to,as%20learning%20and> [Accessed
11 June 2021].

Garcia, T., 2019. What is Risk Mitigation? | Reciprocity. [online] Reciprocitylabs.com. Available at:
<https://reciprocitylabs.com/resources/what-is-risk-mitigation/> [Accessed 11 June 2021].

Gil, M., 2015. Why use a project management methodology?. [online] Nae.global. Available at:
<https://nae.global/en/why-use-a-project-management-methodology/> [Accessed 11 June 2021].

Heffernan, M., 2021. 16 Project Metrics You Should Be Tracking. [online] Blog.mavenlink.com.
Available at: <https://blog.mavenlink.com/16-project-metrics-you-should-be-tracking> [Accessed
11 June 2021].

Courses.lumenlearning.com. 2021. Managing Productivity | Boundless Management. [online]

Available at: <https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-management/chapter/managing-
productivity/#:~:text=Productivity%20is%20a%20measure%20of%20the%20efficiency%20of>
[Accessed 11 June 2021].

McQuerrey, L., n.d. The Importance of Using Stakeholders to Communicate Your Messages.
[online] smallbusiness.chron.com. Available at: <https://smallbusiness.chron.com/importance-
using-stakeholders-communicate-messages-36159.html> [Accessed 11 June 2021].

Complianceprime.com. 2019. Role of Stakeholders in Business Organization - Compliance Prime

Blog. [online] Available at: <https://www.complianceprime.com/blog/2019/10/17/role-of-
stakeholders-in-business-
organization/?fbclid=IwAR23YXV03h0Kl1au2tnomnJidMjxRmGpbMB8gjxLI_zuf0f-
opkHdGSa2Pk#:~:text=A%20stakeholder%20is%20a%20person,IT%20service%20or%20its%20pro
ject> [Accessed 11 June 2021].

26
Thompson, R., 2020. Airport security in 2020 - Passenger Terminal Today. [online]
Passengerterminaltoday.com. Available at:
<https://www.passengerterminaltoday.com/opinion/20550.html> [Accessed 11 June 2021].

The report shall not exceed 5,000-6,000 words and should include relevant examples
and illustrations.

Task 1B [20 Marks] – Group Presentation: Maximum five students are allowed in a
group.

For this purpose, the student groups are expected to choose a separate organisation (other
than their work organisation) selected in Task 1 A. Then the learners must design and
present to the Board of Directors, a PowerPoint presentation, briefly answering the
following questions.

● A brief insight into Project Management leadership of your organizations.

● Articulate three key project management challenges face as of today by your
organisation.
● Highlight how metrics-driven project management culture fosters project control
and the road map to develop capabilities to your business organisation.
● Discuss why information distribution is essential in a project management context
and how it can be addressed from the organisational perspective.

Maximum 10 PowerPoint slides. A total of 10 minutes will be assigned for each

presentation, with an additional 5 minutes for a questions-answers session. Marks are
allocated for content, engagement, delivery and Q & A. [20 Marks].

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Assignment Task - 2: [30 Marks] – Project Network Diagram CPM

Assuming that below are the key activities (A to K) of your new project plan for implementing a new
software project. As a project consultant, you are expected to do the followings.

a) Construct a precedence diagram to analyze your project?

b) What are the critical activities?

c) Show the critical path on your precedence diagram

To build the network diagram you have to consider the below-incorporated project activities and their
respective duration as listed in table number 1.

[30 Marks]

Precedence diagram

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a) A precedence diagram is a way of making a schedule in which each box is connected by arrows
that show each of its dependencies. The precedence diagram method was developed after the PERT
techniques. It tries to paint a more accurate view of relationships between activities. It is mostly
used in project plans. Each activity requires several activities before it to start, and some play a part
in many others once it is done. There are several different elements in a precedence diagram. Some
of them are
• Early start date
• Late start date
• Early finish date
• Late finish date
• Duration
b) Critical Path & Activities
Additionally, there is also a critical path. A critical path is the path where any delays are
unacceptable and must be completed on time. As the next activity depends on the previous activity
and will start as soon as it is completed, there is no room for error.
A critical activity is any activity that is a part of the critical path. It is deemed so when both the early
finish and late finish are the same. This means that there is no margin for error and therefore any
delay is very costly.
c) Below is a precedence diagram of the project explaining how each of the activities are inter-
related, while also showing the critical path.

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References:

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