CÂU GIÁN TIẾP

MỘT SỐ TRƯỜNG HỢP KHÔNG THAY ĐỔI “THÌ” CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ.

 - Động từ trong mệnh đề chính ở thì hiện tại đơn (say/say), hiện tại tiếp diễn (is/ are saying); hiện tại hoàn thành
(have said/has said); tương lai đơn (will say)

 Example:

Direct:: Tom says, "I am fine".

Indirect:  Tom says/tells he is fine. (Tom nói anh ấy khỏe.)

- Lời nói: diễn tả một chân lý, sự thật hiển nhiên

 Example

Direct:: He said, "The sun rises in the East."

Indirect:  He said (that) the sun rises in the East. (Anh ấy nói (rằng) mặt trời mọc ở phía đông.)

- Lời nói là cấc câu điều kiện loại II và III

Direct:: "If I were you, I would meet her" he said.

He said that if he were me, he would meet her. (Anh ấy nói rằng nếu anh ấy là tôi thì anh ấy sẽ gặp cô ấy.)

 
 - Lời nói là cấu trúc "Wish + past simple/ past perfect"

Direct:: "I wish I lived in Ho Chi Minh City", she said.

 Indirect:  She said she wished she lived in Ho Chi Minh City. (Cô ấy nói rằng cô ấy ước cô ấy sống ở thành phố Hồ Chí
Minh.)

 
 - Cấu trúc "It's time/ about time somebody did something":

Direct:: "It's time the children went to school", she said

Indirect:  She said it was time the children went to school. (Cô ấy nói rằng đã đến lúc bọn trẻ đi học.)

 
- Lời nói Direct: có các động từ khiếm khuyết (could/ would/should/ might/ ought to/ had better/ used to...)

Direct:: Miss Lan said, "You should study hard."

 Indirect:  Miss Lan said I should study hard. (Cô Lan nói tôi nên chăm học.)

CÁC DẠNG NÂNG CAO TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP

1. Dạng 1: S + V + O + (not) + to V...

Các động từ thường gặp trong dạng này là ask; tell; order (ra lệnh); invite (mời); beg (cầu xin); urge (hối thúc);
encourage (khuyến khích); advise (khuyên); warn (cảnh báo); remind (nhắc nhở)…

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Example:"Would you like to come to my birthday party?"

 He said => He invited me to come to his birthday party. (Anh ấy mời tôi đến bữa tiệc sinh nhật của anh ấy.)

 => Nhận xét: Nếu trong câu Direct: dùng cấu trúc "Would you like + to V...?" thì trong câu gián tiếp chúng ta thường sử
dụng động từ "invite"

 Example:

"Don't forget to get up early." My mother said

=> My mother reminded me to get up early. (Mẹ tôi nhắc nhớ tôi thức dậy sớm.)

 => Nhận xét: Nếu trong câu Direct: dùng cấu trúc "Don't forget to V... hay Remember to V"thì trong câu gián tiếp chúng ta
thường sử dụng động từ "remind" 2.

Dạng 2: S + V + O + Ving/N)
Các động từ thường gặp trong dạng này là:

+ Apologize / apologise (to O ) for V-ing (xin lỗi (ai) về việc gì):

 Example:"Sorry, I'm late." She said. => She apologized for being late +

 
 Accuse + of V-ing (buộc tội ai về điều gì)

Example:"You stole my bike yesterday" the boy said to his friend.

=> The boy accused his friend of stealing his bike the day before.

+ Congratulate + O + on V-ing (Chúc mừng ai về việc gì)

. Example:"Congratulation! You won the first prize.",

my teacher said to me => My teacher congratulated me on winning the the first prize.

 + Prevent + O + from V-ing = Stop + O + from V-ing. (ngăn cản ko cho ai làm gì)

“I won't allow you to play games”, mother said to the boy.

=> Mother prevented / stopped the boy from playing games.

+ Thank + O + for V-ing (cảm ơn ai về việc gì)

Example:"It's very kind of you to show me the way", the stranger said to the little girl.

The stranger thanked the little girl for showing him the way.

+ Warn + O + AGAINST V-ing: cảnh báo ai không nên làm gì

Example:"Don't swim too far", his former teacher said to him.

=> His former teacher warned him against swimming too far/ not to swim too far.
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 + CRITICIZE/ REPROACH + O + FOR + VING: CHỈ TRÍCH/ PHÊ BÌNH AI VỀ VIỆC GÌ ĐÓ

Netizens told Chipu “ your singing voice is so bad” 

=> Netizens criticized / reproached Chipu for having a bad singing voice 

=> netizens criticized / reproached Chipu for her bad singing voice. 

 + Blame sh for sth: đổ lỗi cho ai về việc gì ~ Blame sth on sb: đổ lỗi việc gì cho ai 

She said to me “ you broke the vase” , but I didn't 

=> She blamed me for breaking the vase 

=> she blamed the breaking of the vase on me. 

The director said to her “ you caused this loss to the company”. 

=> blame for : the director blamed her for causing that loss to the company 

=> blame on : the director blamed that loss to the company on her. 

Dạng 3: S + V + Ving Các động từ thường gặp trong dạng này là:

advise (khuyên); suggest (đề nghị); admit (thừa nhận/ thú nhận); deny(phủ nhận) 

Example:“I didn't do that”, he said. 

=> He denied doing that.

“I don't know her” Jenny said => Jenny denied knowing her. 

Example:"Shall we go out for dinner ?" he said to US.

 =>He suggested going out for dinner.

 He suggested that we should go out for dinner.

Đề bài là “ let's / shall / why don't we / how about / what about” => suggest + V_ING 

 Example: "I am wrong." He said => He admitted being wrong. 

 DẠNG 4: S + V + TO V...
Các động từ thường gặp trong dạng này là promise (hứa); threaten (đe dọa); agree(đồng ý); offer (đề nghị giúp ai);
refuse (từ chối); propose (bày tỏ );…

Example:"I will kill you if you call the police.

The man said => The man threatened to kill me if I called the police.

"I will come back early" He said. => He promised to come back early.
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  Tip: đề viết với will => promise 

 
5. DẠNG 5: S + V + GIỚI TỪ + VING CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ THƯỜNG GẶP NHƯ:

 + Dream (dreamt / dreamed) OF / ABOUT V-ing (mơ về việc gì / điều gì)

Example:"I want to become a teacher" the boy said.

=> The boy dreamed of becoming a teacher.

+ Insist on + V-ing: (khăng khăng, cố nài, năn nỉ làm việc gì)

 Example:“I really need to meet you", he said to her. => He insisted on meeting her.

 + Look forward to V-ing (rất mong đợi làm việc gì)

 Example:"I feel like to go out with you tonight." The boy said to his friend.

=> The boy looked forward to going out with his friend that night."

 + Think (thought) of V-ing (nghĩ đến việc gì)

Example:He’s in need. I think I’ll help him.” I said. => I thought of helping him.

CÁC DẠNG ĐẶC BIỆT LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP

1. Mẫu câu dùng cấu trúc động từ “advise” S + advise + O + (not) to V...

Các mẫu câu sau khi chuyển sang lời nói gián tiếp thường dùng động từ "advise":

S + had better + V(bare-inf)

S + should + V (bare-inf)

Why don't you + V (bare-inf)....? 

If I were you,...

 Example:"Why don't you go to see the doctor?"

Nam said => Nam advised me to go to see the doctor.

 Example:"If I were you, I would marry him."

My sister said => My sister advised me to marry him

Mẫu câu dùng động từ      “suggest”

S + suggest + Ving... Các mẫu câu sau khi chuyển sang lời nói gián tiếp thường dùng động từ "suggest":

+Let's+ V (bare-inf)                                                 

+Why don't we +V (bare-inf)...?

+Shall we + V (bare-inf)...?                            

+How/What about + Ving...?

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Example:

My friend said to me, "Let's go to the park." . => My friend suggested going to the park

Change direct speech into reported speech. Begin each of the sentences in the way shown.
1) He said to me,”You took the money.”

He accused me of having taken the money

2) The teacher said to Jim, “Would you give your book to Mary please?”

The teacher asked Jim to give his book to Mary

3) The student said,”I’m sorry I’m late.”

The student apologized for being late

4) Boddy’s father said to him, “Don’t forget to brush your teeth.”

Boddy’s father reminded him to brush his teeth

5) “I’ve always wanted to become a doctor,” Helen said

Helen has always dreamed of becoming a doctor

Bài tập ứng dụng câu tường thuật nâng cao

6) The nurse said to me, “You should consult a dermatologist.”

The nurse advised me to consult a dermatologist

Dermatologist (n): a professional in skin science

Consult (v): ask for opinions from …

7) “Don’t touch the hot plate,” I said to Ann

I warned Ann against / before touching the hot plate.

8) The fire chief said, “Everyone must leave the building immediate ly.”

The fire chief ordered everyone to leave the building immediately

9) The man said to the hunters, “Everyone stopped hunting and killing animals.”

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The man prevented the hunters from hunting and killing animals

10) The instructor said to the students, “You’ll have exactly one hour to complete the exam.”

The instructor warned the students against having exactly one hour to complete the exam.

11) The boy said to the woman, “I’ve broken the window of your house.”

The boy admitted breaking the window of her house.

12) My parents often said to me, “Good for you! It’s good to be independent.”

My parents encouraged me to be independent.

13) Mrs Smith said, “I would like to meet the president.”

Mrs Smith looked forward to meeting the president.

14) He said to the children, “Don’t swim in the lake without an adult present.”

- He allowed to swim in the lake with an adult present

- he didn’t allow the children to swim in the lake without an adult present

- As long as / so long as

As long as there was an adult present, the children were allowed to swim.

15) “That’s great! I’m going to France in August,” thought Henry.

Henry was thinking of going to France in August.

16) Laura said to her roommate, “Remember to set your alarm clock for 6:00 am.”

Laura reminded her roommate to set her alarm clock for 6:00 Am.

17) “Why don’t we go to Dalat this weekend?,” said Peter.

Peter suggested going to Dalat this weekend.

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18) Tom said to you, “It was kind of you to help me. Thank you very much.”

Tom thanked you for helping him.

19) “Let me pay for the meal. I insist,” Linda said

Linda insisted on paying for the meal.

Insist on : = really really ask for ST

Desperately ask for something

20) “I heard you won the lottery. Congratulations!,” John said to us

John congratulated us on winning the lottery.

Viết lại đúng các câu sau bằng cách sử dụng cấu trúc câu tường thuật
1. “Please download the information from this file,” the director said to us.

The director told us to download the information from that file.

2. “Where is the cake which I just made?” Her mother asked her.

Her mother asked her where the cake which he had just made.

3. “Which way are you planning to go to the beach?” Mary asked us

Mary asked us which way we were planning to go to the beach.

4. “Please bring that outfit over here if it has any damage.” the clerk said to Lisa.

The clerk told Lisa to bring that outfit over there it had any damage

Clerk (n):

5. “Don’t come to my house without prior notice.” May’s colleague said to her.

May’s colleague told her not to come to her house without prior notice.

Prior notice : tell SO first

Send me a prior notice … => more formal

6. “Can you do this project best?” My manager told me

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My manager told me to do that project best

7. Jimin’s girlfriend said, “My boyfriend is a very polite and courteous person so I love him very much.”

Jimin’s girlfriend said that her boyfriend was a very polite and courteous person so she loved him very much

Courteous (adj): delicate = elegant : nhã nhặn

8. “Is there any restroom nearby?” the customer asked me.

The customer asked me whether there was any restroom nearby.

9. Jenny said to him: “Please lend me your car to carry this cargo to the train station because my dad needs it right now.”

Jenny asked him to lend her his car to carry that cargo to the train station because her dad needed it right then.

Cargo = goods /

10. “Don’t stay up late, Jisoo,” Jisoo’s mother said to her.

Jisoo’s mother told her not to stay up late

11. “Tim, did you see the water bottle which I just bought?” Tim’s roommate asked.

Tim’s roommate asked him if he had seen the water bottle which he/she had just bought

12. “Don’t do anything worse, Jane.” Jane’s brother said to her.

Jane’s brother told her not to do anything worse

13. She said: “I’ll take you to school tomorrow, Jack.”

She told Jack that she would take him to school the day after.

14. “If you accept to take this survey, we will give you a discount coupon.” The seller said to us.

The seller told us if we accepted to take that survey, they would give us a discount coupon.

15. “What do you plan to buy for your girlfriend’s birthday?” Tom asked me

Tom asked me what I planned to buy for his girlfriend’s birthday.

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16. “I will get back to you as soon as possible,” the clerk said to him.

The clerk told him that he/she would get back to him as soon as possible.

17. “Can I borrow your phone, Mina?” Mina’s colleague asked her

Mina’s colleague asked her if she/he could borrow her phone.

18. “I want lots of people to come to my birthday party.” My brother said to me

My brother told me that he wanted lots of people to come to his birthday party.

19. “Don’t drink that glass of water because it’s brandy.” Lisa’s boyfriend said to her.

Lisa’s boyfriend told her not to drink that glass water because it was brandy

Brandy is a kind of spirit

20. “How long are you planning to study in Australia?” my roommate asked

My roommate asked me how long I was planning to study in Australia.

 Viết lại đúng các câu sau bằng cách sử dụng cấu trúc câu tường thuật
1. "What's the time?" he asked.

→ He wanted to know what time it was .

=> he wanted to know what the time was.

2. "When will we meet again?" she asked me.

→ She asked me when we would meet again

3. "Are you crazy?" she asked him.

→ She asked him if he was crazy

4. "Where did they live?" he asked.

→ He wanted to know where they had lived

5. "Will you be at the party?" he asked her.

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→ He asked her if she would be at the party. .

6. "Can you meet me at the station?" she asked me.

→ She asked me if I could meet her at the station .

7. "Who knows the answer?" the teacher asked.

→ The teacher wanted to know who knew the answer .

8. "Why don't you help me?" she asked him.

→ She wanted to know why he didn’t help her .

9. "Did you see that car?" he asked me.

→ He asked me if I had seen that car

10. "Have you tidied up your room?" the mother asked the twins.

→ The mother asked the twins if they had tidied up their room.

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