UNIT 10: HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AND LONGEVITY

(LỐI SỐNG LÀNH MẠNH VÀ TUỔI THỌ)

GRAMMAR
1. Conditionals in reported speech
Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại thì "thì" của động từ trong câu điều kiện được giữ nguyên khi
chuyển sang lời nói gián tiếp.
Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì quá khứ, chúng ta tuân theo quy tắc chung sau đây:
Direct speech Reported speech
Type 0  unchanged (simple fact or general truth): không thay
đổi
Type 1  become type 2 (if the reported statement is out-of- date): trở thành câu điều
kiện loại 2 nếu lời nói
tường thuật đã qua rồi

Type 2  usually unchanged (if the reported statement is still true): thường không đổi
(nếu lời nói tường thuật
vẫn còn đúng)
Type 3  usually unchanged (if the reported statement is still true): thường không đổi
(nếu lời nói tường thuật
vẫn còn đúng)

E.g:
"People die if they don't drink water in three days", he said. (Type 0)
 He said (that) people die if they don't drink water in three days.
"If you miss the bus, you'll be late for the meeting", my husband said (Type 1)
 My husband said if I missed the bus, I'd be late for the meeting.
(The reported statement is out-of-date; she was probably late for the meeting)
"If I were rich, I could buy a car." (Type 2)
 He said if he were rich, he could buy a car.
Ex: He said, “If it rains heavily tomorow, I will stay at home.”
---> He said (that) if it rained heavily the next day, he would stay at home.

2. Reported speech with infinitives:

Các động từ thường gặp trong dạng này là ask; tell; order (ra lệnh); invite (mời); beg (cầu xin); urge (hối
thúc); encourage (khuyến khích); advise (khuyên); warn (cảnh báo); remind (nhắc nhở), command (ra
lệnh), entreat (nài xin), expect (mong đợi), forbid (ngăn cấm), invite (mời), instruct (hướng dẫn),
persuade (thuyết phục), recommend (khuyên), request (yêu cầu)

E.g: "Don't forget to get up early.", my mother said.

 My mother reminded me to get up early.
E.g: "I will kill you if you call the police", the man said.
 The man threatened to kill me if I called the police.
1
3. Reported speech with gerunds:
Các động từ thường gặp trong dạng này là:
Apologize / apologise (to O) for V-ing: xin
lỗi (ai) về việc gì
Accuse + O + of V-ing: buộc tội ai về điều
gì
Congratulate + O + on V-ing: chúc mừng
ai về việc gì
Forgive + O + for + V-ing: tha thứ cho ai
về việc gì
Prevent + O + from V-ing = Stop + O + from V-
ing: ngăn cản không cho ai làm gì
Thank + O + for V-ing: cảm ơn ai về việc
gì
Suspect + O + of + V-ing: nghi ngờ ai làm gì
Dream of + V-ing : mơ làm gì
Warn + O + against V-ing: cảnh báo/ cảnh
cáo ai không nên làm gì
Criticize/ Reproach + O + for + Ving: chỉ
trích/ phê bình ai về việc gì đó
Blame sb for sth/doing sth: đổ lỗi cho ai về việc
gì ~ Blame sth on sb: đổ lỗi việc gì cho ai

E.g: "I won't allow you to play games", the mother said to the boy.
 The mother prevented / stopped the boy from playing games.
E.g: "I didn't do that", he said.
 He denied doing that.
E.g: "I want to become a teacher", the girl said.
 The girl dreamed of becoming a teacher.

■ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN

Bài 1: Change the following conditional sentences into reported speech.
1. "If I catch the plane I'll be home by four o'clock", she said.
.
2. "You will recover quickly if you follow the doctor's advice", my mother said.
.
3. "What would you do if you were having a problem with grammar, Nga?", Huyen asked.
.
4. "If I were you, I'd stop smoking", she said to her brother.
.
5. "If you heat ice, it melts" he said.
.

Bài 2: Rewrite the direct speech as reported speech to complete the sentences.
1. "I'll send you a postcard." He told us that he us a postcard.
2. "We've bought a new car." They told me they a new car.
3. "I don't speak French." She said that she French.
4. "You failed your art exam." You said that we our art exam.
5. "I can't drive." He said drive.
6. "You look nice." He told me that I nice.
7. "We're going ice-skating." They said they ice-skating.

2
8. "The students aren't listening to me." The teacher said the students to her.

Bài 3: Complete the sentences using reported speech.

1. My sister said, "I won't be able to be at the next game".
My sister said that , to be at the next game.
2. My grandmother said, "A long time ago there were no cell phones!"
My grandmother said that a long time ago no cell phones.
3. Mr Smith advised me," I would not go there if I was you!
Mr Smith advised me there.
4. The doctor said, "You must stay in bed until next Monday!"
The doctor ordered me until the following Monday.
5. Bob wanted to know, "Will you be at the party on Saturday?"
Bob wanted to know at the party on Saturday?
6. Jerry asked me, "Did you see the car over there?"
Jerry asked me the car over there.
7. The teacher said to Mary "Please stand up."
The teacher .
8. Tim said, "I am going to work for a new company next month."
Tim said that he for a new company the following month.
9.Jenifer wondered, "Is he a club member?"
Jenifer wondered a club member.
10. Mary said, "I have just come back from Europe."
Mary said that from Europe.

Bài 4: Fill in the blank with the correct reporting verb from the box
told said advised warned
suggested asked offered ordered
1. "I’d go and see a doctor if I were you," Alex said to me.
Alex me to go and see a doctor.
2. "Can you come and help me with this box?"
John me to help him with the box.
3. "This is an exam Mr. John!! Shut up now!!!"
The headmaster Mr. John to shut up.
4. "That road is very dangerous so just be very careful!"
His mother him that the road was very dangerous and to be careful.
5. "Manchester United won the match last night."
The journalist that Manchester United had won the match the previous night.
6. "Why don't we go and see that new film at the cinema."
Bill going to see the new film at the cinema.
7. "I can come and look after the children tomorrow night."
Jane to come and look after the children the following day.
8. "The lesson starts at six o'clock in the evening."
The teacher us that the lesson started at six in the evening.

Bài 5: Fill in the blank with the correct reporting verb from the box
denied offered suggested congratulated encouraged
complimented admitted refused begged demanded
3
1. I know you can do it. Take the exam again.
He him to take the exam again.
2. The accident was all my fault.
She that the accident was her fault.
3. That's a very elegant dress you're wearing, Susan.
He Susan on wearing such an elegant dress.
4. Well done! You have got great exam results.
She him on getting great exam results.
5. I want to speak to the manager! - NOW!!
He to speak to the manager at once.
6. Shall we spend a quiet evening at home?
She spending a quiet evening at home.
7. There is not way I am going on holiday with my mom and dad.
He to go on holiday with his mom and dad.
8. Oh please! Let me go to the party, mum.
She her mum to let her go to the party.
9. No, it wasn't me. I didn't eat the last chocolate biscuit.
He eating the last chocolate biscuit.
10. Those bags look heavy. Can I give you a hand?
She to give him a hand with the bags.

Bài 6: Complete the story with the correct reporting verbs from the box.
refused warned advised offered promised agreed invited
Grandma (1) Lisa to come to her cottage for lunch. Lisa (2) to visit and (3)
to bring a basket of fruit. Grandma (4) her not to take the path through the woods
because it was dangerous. "And you must promise not to talk to any strangers!" said grandma.
Lisa (5) not to. On the way to Grandma's cottage, Lisa met a stranger and he (6)
her to take the path through the woods because it was shorter. Fortunately, Lisa remembered
her promise to Grandma and she (7) to listen to the stranger.

■ BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO

Bài 7: Choose the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
1. I'd (A) like (B) to thank your brother (C) for (D) your help.
2. Ms. Emily (A) told to Alice (B) to give (C) her (D) a hand.
3. (A) My mother advised (B) me (C) buying (D) that house.
4. Linda (A) asked Kelly (B) whether (C) did she like sports (D) or not.
5. He asked Mary (A) how many (B) people (C) there are in (D) her family.
6. (A) A tourist asked (B) how far (C) was it from Ho Chi Minh City CD) to Hanoi.
7. She (A) wanted to know (B) Tom if would (C) have time to play badminton (D) regularly.
8. The teacher asked me (A) if I (B) was listening (C) to music (D) now.
9. David (A) asked me (B) did not to (C) stay up late and advised me (D) to go to bed early.
10. He promised (A) coming (B) with her (C) as soon as he (D) was ready.

Bài 8: Choose the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
1. "Would you like to go to the cinema with me tonight?" he said to me.
A. He invited me to go to the cinema with him that night.
4
B. He offered me to go to the cinema with him tonight.
C. He asked me if I'd like to go to the cinema with him tonight.
D. He would like me to go to the cinema with him this night.
2. "If I were you, rd marry him." she said to me.
A. She said to me that if I were you, I'd marry C. She suggested to marry him if she were me.
him. D. She advised me to marry him.
B. She will marry him if she is me.
3. "I'm sorry for being late again." said Lisa.
A. I felt sorry for Lisa's being late again. C. Lisa excused for my being late again.
B. Lisa was sorry for my being late again. D. Lisa apologized for being late again.
4. "How beautiful the dress you have just bought is!" Peter said to Mary.
A. Peter promised to buy Mary a beautiful dress.
B. Peter said thanks to Mary for her beautiful dress.
C. Peter complimented Mary on her beautiful dress.
D. Peter asked Mary how she had just bought her beautiful dress.
5. "You shouldn't have told the truth, Kelly!" said Tom.
A. Tom suspected that Kelly had told the truth.
B. Tom criticized Kelly for having told the truth.
C. Tom accused Kelly of having told the truth.
D. Tom blamed Kelly for having told the truth.
6. "Don't forget to do your homework," my mother said
A. My mother ordered me to do my homework. homework.
B. My mother asked me to do my homework. D. My mother simply wanted me to do my
C. My mother reminded me to do my homework.
7. "If you don't pay the ransom, we'll kill your boy," the kidnappers told him.
A. The kidnappers ordered to kill his boy if he did not pay the ransom.
B. The kidnappers pledged to kill his boy if he did not pay the ransom.
C. The kidnappers threatened to kill his boy if he refused to pay the ransom.
D. The kidnappers promised to kill his boy if he refused to pay the ransom.
8. "I will pay back the money, Kate."said Bill.
A. Bill apologised to Kate for borrowing her C. Bill promised to pay back Kate's money.
money. D. Bill suggested paying back the money to
B. Bill offered to pay Kate the money back. Kate.
9. The captain to his men:"Leave there immediately!"
A. The captain suggested his men leave there immediately.
B. The captain ordered his men to leave there immediately.
C. The captain invited his men to leave there immediately.
D. The captain requested his men to leave there immediately.
10. "Go on, Mary! Apply for the job", the mother said.
A. The mother wanted Mary not to apply for the job.
B. The mother invited Mary to apply for the job.
C. The mother denied applying for the job.
5
 D. The mother encouraged Mary to apply for the job.

Bài 9: Rewrite the sentences in reported speech.

1. Tim said "Please come to my party".
 Tim invited me .
2. My teacher said, "I think you should improve your pronunciation."
 My teacher advised me .
3. Mrs. Hoa said, "You may use the phone".
 Mrs. Hoa permitted me .
4. The doctor said, "Take a deep breath".
 The doctor told the patient .
5. My husband said, "Make an appointment with the dentist".
 My husband reminded me .
6. "Sorry, I am late." Mary said.
 Mary apologized .
7. The judge said, "You must pay a fine of one hundred dollars".
 The judge ordered Mr. David .
8. Jane said "Don't touch the hot pot".
 Jane warned me not .
9. Susan said "Don't buy a used car".
 Susan advised me not .
10. "You can't run out of the garden". Ms Lan said to the children.
 Ms Lan prevented .

Bài 10: Write the sentences in reported speech, using reporting verbs in brackets.
1. I'm sorry I broke the glass", said David, (apologize)
 David .
2. "Why don't you put your luggage under the seat?", he told me. (advise)
 He .
3. "Shall we go for a walk?" she said, (suggest)
 She .
4. "If I were rich, I would travel around the world", my father said to me. (told)
 My father .
5. "Don't forget to phone me when you get to New York", said my mom. (remind)
 My mom .
6. "I broke your old vase", she said in tears, (admit)
 She .
7. "Don't swim out too far, boys", said the coach, (warn)
=> The coach .
8. "Would you like to come to my house for dinner tonight?", he said, (invite)
 He .

=== THE END ===