Describing an object

1. Smartphone

Smartphone is a handheld device that integrates mobile phone capabilities with the more
common features that allow users to store information, e-mail, install programs, along with
using a mobile phone in one device. A Smartphone also offers the ability to send and receive e-
mail and edit Office documents. A Smartphone has the following components:

Operating System: A Smartphone will be based on an operating system that allows it to run
productivity applications, such as the BlackBerry OS, the Palm OS, or Windows Mobile.

Software: A Smartphone will offer more than just an address book. It may allow you to create
and edit Microsoft Office documents or manage your finances.

Web Access: A Smartphone offer some sort of access to the Internet. You can use your
Smartphone to browse your favorite Web sites.

QWERTY Keyboard: A Smartphone includes a QWERTY keyboard, so the keys are laid out in the
same manner they would be on your computer keyboard.

Messaging: All cell phones can send and receive text messages, but what sets a Smartphone
apart is its ability to send and receive e-mail. Some Smartphone can support multiple e-mail
accounts. Others include access to the popular instant messaging services, like AOL's AIM and
Yahoo!

The Android-based Samsung Galaxy S6 was announced March 1st, 2015 at MWC 2015, with two
distinct versions of the Smartphone model to be made available for purchase in April 2015. In
addition to a standard Galaxy S6 model, Samsung will be selling a fancier Galaxy S6 Edge
version, which sports a unique screen with a display that wraps around the sides of the
Smartphone.

As far as standard features, both Galaxy S6 models include Samsung's eight-core 64-bit Exynos
7 processors, a 5.1-inch quad HD Super AMOLED display, LPDDR4 flash RAM and UFS 2.0 flash
storage, a 16-megapixel rear camera with Smart Optical Image Stabilization (OIS) and automatic
real-time High Dynamic Range (HDR) processing, charging improvements and wireless charging
capabilities, an upgraded mobile operating system (Android 5.0 Lollipop) and more.

The sixth generation of Apple's immensely popular iPhone mobile Smartphone. The iPhone 6
made its official debut in September 2014, following the iPhone 5S as the company's latest,
greatest Smartphone device.
2. Describing a microscope

Microscopes are effectively just tubes packed with lenses, curved pieces of glass that bend light
rays passing through them. The simplest microscope of all is a magnifying glass made from a
single convex lens, which typically magnifies by about 5–10 times. Microscopes used in homes,
schools, and professional laboratories are actually compound microscopes and use at least two
lenses to produce a magnified image. There's a lens above the object (called the objective lens)
and another lens near your eye (called the eyepiece or ocular lens). Each of these may, in fact,
be made up of a series of different lenses. Most compound microscopes can magnify by 10, 20,
40, or 100 times, though professional ones can magnify by 1000 times or more. For greater
magnification than this, scientists generally use electron microscopes.

All of the parts of a microscope work together - The light from the illuminator passes through
the aperture, through the slide, and through the objective lens, where the image of the
specimen is magnified.

The then magnified image continues up through the body tube of the microscope to the
eyepiece, which further magnifies the image the viewer then sees.

The parts of a microscope work together in hospitals and in forensic labs, for scientists and
students, bacteriologists and biologists so that they may view bacteria, plant and animal cells
and tissues, and various microorganisms the world over.

Compound microscopes have furthered medical research, helped to solve crimes, and they
have repeatedly proven invaluable in unlocking the secrets of the microscopic world.

Microscopes used in homes, schools, and professional laboratories are actually compound
microscopes and use at least two lenses to produce a magnified image. There's a lens above
the object (called the objective lens) and another lens near your eye (called the eyepiece or
ocular lens).

3. Describing the Camera

Before describing the camera, let us understand in brief what is camera? The camera is the
image-forming device, and photographic film. Photography techniques have always been a
subject of interest to many scientists, while captivating the artists from its inception. The main
focus of this page is to shed light on the description of camera, explaining its different controls.

Focus -The adjustment for placing the sharpest focus desired on the subject.

Aperture - Measured as f-number, Aperture is the adjustment of the lens opening, controlling
the amount of light passing through the lens. Aperture also affects the depth of field and
diffraction. This is an important element while describing the photography camera.
Shutter speed- Expressed either as fractions of seconds or as an angle, the adjustment of the
shutter speed is for controlling the length of time during which the imaging medium is bared to
light for each exposure.

White balance – Photographers use white balance to register natural coloration of the image
for aesthetic ends. The color temperature connected with a given set of lighting conditions
makes sure that white light is registered as such on the imaging chip, so as to offer natural
colors.

Metering – This is the measurement of exposure so as to control the highlights and shadows
according to the liking of the photographers. Most modern cameras are able to meter and set
the exposure automatically. ISO speed – While describing the camera, one should not forget
ISO speed, which is used to communicate to the camera the film speed of the selected film on
film cameras. The ISO speeds are used on modern digital cameras to indicate the system's gain
from light to numerical output, besides controlling the automatic exposure system.

Autofocus point – This is employed by some cameras, to select a point in the imaging frame
upon which the auto-focus system will endeavor to focus. Today, many advanced reflex
cameras are able to feature multiple auto-focus points in the viewfinder.

While explaining the camera, it is also important to mention many other elements and controls
that may have a distinct effect on the quality and visual effect of a given photograph. These are
the focal length and type of lens, which can be “long" lens, macro, wide angle, fisheye, or zoom.
The filters placed between the subject and the light recording material, are also important
elements in the camera description. They are placed either in front of or behind the lens. The
inherent sensitivity of the medium to light intensity and color/wavelengths also play an
important role. Finally, the nature of the light recording material, its resolution as measured in
pixels or grains of silver halide are important to any photographer. Using the photography
techniques play a very important role in this medium.

Overall, although the basic concept of the camera has remained the same since it was invented,
there have been many changes in the development of the camera.

4. Describing a Computer

A computer is an electronic machine that processes information—in other words, an

information processor: it takes in raw information (or data) at one end, stores it until it's ready
to work on it, chews and crunches it for a bit, then spits out the results at the other end. All
these processes have a name. Taking in information is called input, storing information is better
known as memory (or storage), chewing information is also known as processing, and spitting
out results is called output.

Imagine if a computer were a person. Suppose you have a friend who's really good at math. She
is so good that everyone she knows posts their math problems to her.  Each morning, she goes
to her letterbox and finds a pile of new math problems waiting for her attention. She piles them
up on her desk until she gets around to looking at them. Each afternoon, she takes a letter off
the top of the pile, studies the problem, works out the solution, and scribbles the answer on the
back. She puts this in an envelope addressed to the person who sent her the original problem
and sticks it in her out tray, ready to post. Then she moves to the next letter in the pile. You can
see that your friend is working just like a computer. Her letterbox is her input; the pile on her
desk is her memory; her brain is the processor that works out the solutions to the problems;
and the out tray on her desk is her output.

Once you understand that computers are about input, memory, processing, and output, all the
junk on your desk makes a lot more sense:

A computer works by combining input, storage, processing, and output. All the main parts of a
computer system are involved in one of these four processes.

 Input: Your keyboard and mouse, for example, are just input units—ways of getting
information into your computer that it can process. If you use a microphone and voice
recognition software, that's another form of input.
 Memory/storage: Your computer probably stores all your documents and files on a
hard-drive: a huge magnetic memory. But smaller, computer-based devices like digital
cameras and cell phones use other kinds of storage such as flash memory cards.
 Processing: Your computer's processor (sometimes known as the central processing
unit) is a microchip buried deep inside. It works amazingly hard and gets incredibly hot
in the process. That's why your computer has a little fan blowing away—to stop its brain
from overheating!
 Output: Your computer probably has an LCD screen capable of displaying high-
resolution (very detailed) graphics, and probably also stereo loudspeakers. You may
have an inkjet printer on your desk too to make a more permanent form of output.

5. Wrist Watch

A watch is a small clock carried or worn by a person. It makes it easy to see the time. It is also a fashion
accessory for men and women, and expensive watches are designed for this purpose. A watch may be one of
the few accessories worn by a man.
A wristwatch is designed to be worn on a wrist, attached by a strap or other type of bracelet. A pocket
watch is to be carried in a pocket. There are other variations. Nurses often wear a watch attached to the front
of their uniform. It hangs down from a short strap: when lifted by the user it is right side up.
Watches evolved in the 17th century from spring-powered clocks, which appeared as early as the
14th century. In 1524, Peter Henlein created the first pocket watch. The first watches were strictly
mechanical, driven by clockwork.
As technology developed, mechanical watches were largely replaced by vibrating quartz crystals, producing
accurately timed electronic pulses. Some watches use radio technology to correct the time and date. The first
digital electronic watch was developed in 1970.
Electronic movements, also known as quartz movements, have few or no moving parts, except
a quartz crystal which is made to vibrate by the piezoelectric effect. A varying electric voltage is applied to the
crystal, which responds by changing its shape so it works as an oscillator. It resonates at a stable frequency,
which paces a timekeeping mechanism. Most quartz movements are primarily electronic but are geared to
drive mechanical hands on the face of the watch to give a traditional analog display of the time. Most
consumers prefer this.