SHIVAMOGGA ZILLA PANCHAYATH

Department Of Public Education

Office of Deputy Director (Admin) Shivamogga
From the Guidance of
OFFICE OF THE BLOCK EDUCATION SHIVAMOGGA

SIHIMOGEYA BELAKU - 2022

SCIENCE

Under the Guidance of

Block Education Officer
Shivamogga.
 Science Teachers List
Sl. Teachers Name School Name Mob No.
No
1. Bala Krishna D Tunga Bhadhra High School, vidya nagar 9449379918
2. Rudra Swamy B Govt. High School, Nidige 7892239867
R
3. Sathish B San Joseph High School 9448030902
4. Raju K M S Sri Chowdeshari High School, Santhe 8971630605
Kadur
5. Hema K M Sarvodaya Girls High School, Jaya 9481935231
Nagar, Shivamogga
6. Chandrakala H Govt. High School Kadekal 9845395782
7. Honneshappa K National High School Shivamogga 9481731902
8. Sheela P Govt. High School, Durgigudi 9449138332
9. Girish Girideepam School, Malligenahalli, 9449620446
Srirampura
10. Suresh H Oxford High School Shivamogga 9945474137
11. Raghavendra V Govt. High School komanalu 9343567952
T
12. Jayanna Gowda Govt. High School Gaddikoppa, 9141127027
Shivamogga

Smart Work Formula: How to prepare for Target 50

1. Drawings – 16 marks
2. Electron dot structure / Hydrocarbon mol. Formula, Str. Formula and naming the
compounds by using function groups: 4 marks
3. Formulas for problem solving and important physical terms and SI units – 4 marks
4. Balancing the equation – 2 marks
5. Difference of concepts – 4 marks
6. Remembering reactivity series of metals for various type questions: 2 marks
7. Listing out uses of chemical compounds: 2 marks
8. Important selected VSAs: 4 marks
9. Knowledge or understanding level-based answering min. five question in 1 or 2 or 3
marks questions: 12 marks
TOTAL: 50
 PHYSICS
Electricity
1. What is the unit of potential difference? Volt
2. Why nichrome alloy is used for making the heating elements of electrical appliances?
(i) Resistivity of alloy is much higher than pure metal
(ii) An alloy does not undergo oxidation easily even at high temperature
3. Write the use of volt meter and Ammeter?
Voltameter is used to measure the potential difference
Ammeter is used to measure the current

4. Find the minimum resistance then can be made using 5 Resistors each of 5Ω?
By connecting resistors in parallel, resistance 1Ω is obtained
𝑹 𝟓Ω
Req = 𝒏 = = 1Ω
𝟓

5. Write the commericial unit of energy?

Kilowat hour or Kwh
6. The Lamps in a household circuit are connected in parallel. Give reason.
If one lamp fails the other remain not working.

7. How you will connect Ammeter in Circuit to measure the current flowing through it?

In Series

8. Define Electric power and write SI Unit.

𝒘
Electric Powe is the Electrical work done per Unit time or P = 𝒕
SI Unit is Watt

9. Tungsten used for filament of electrical lamps give reasons

Very high melting point and resistivity

10. Potential difference between Point A and B in an Electrical field is 1 Volt. Explain the
statement
It means that 1J of work is being done to move charge of 1C from point A to B

11. An Electric bulb is connected to a 220V Generator. The current is 0.5 A. what is the
power of bulb?
P=VI
= 220v×0.5A
= 110 J/S = 110w

12. State one difference between kilowatt and kilowatt hour.

Kilowatt large unit of electric power kilowatt hour is commercial unit of
electrical energy.

13. What is an electric fuse?

 An Electric fuse is a low resistance resistor that provides protection in the event
of a over load current.

14. What do the following symbols mean in circuit diagram

(i) Rheostat (ii) Closed Switch

15 state ohm’s law .

LIGHT REFLECTION AND REFRACTION

1. Define centre of Curvature of spherical mirror
The centre of the sphere of which the mirror is a part is called the center of
curvature (c)

2. What is the difference between a real image and a virtual image?

Real Image: (1) It can be taken on a screen
(2) It is always inverted.
Virtual Image: (1) It cannot be taken on a Screen.
(2) It is always erect.

3. Write the mirror formula.

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
+ =
𝒗 𝒖 𝒇

4. What is the Unit of Power of Lens?

Diopter

5. Define focal length of a lens.

Distance between optical centre and principal focus is called focal length (f)

6. State Snell’s law

The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence and the same sine of the angle of
refraction is constant for a given pair of media.
𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒊
=𝒏
𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒓
7. Name the mirror that can give an erect and enlarged image of an object
Concave Mirror

8. Why do we prefer a convex mirror as a rear-view mirror in vehicles?

1) They give a wider field of view
2) It give a virtual, erect and diminished image

9. What is meant by power of a lens?

The ability of a lens to converge or diverge the rays of lights is called power of
lens
𝟏
P=𝒇

10. Write the lens formula

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
+ =𝒇
𝒗 𝒖
11. The focal length of a convex lens is 25 cm. What is its power?
𝟏
P=𝒇
𝟏 𝟏
= 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟎.𝟐𝟓 (𝒎) = +𝟒. 𝟎 𝑫

12. An object is 2m from a lens. Which forms an erect and diminished image of the
object. What type of lens is this? And

13. Name the lens used in spectacles for the correction of short sight?
Concave Lens

14. Distinguish between a Convex and Concave lens.

CONVEX LENS CONCAVE LENS
It Converges a parallel beam of light It diverge the light rays
ray
It is thick at the center but thinner at It is thin in the middle, but
the edges thicker at the edges

15. What is refraction of light?

The change in direction of light when it passes from one medium to another
medium obliquely is called refraction of light

16. What is refraction Index?

The ratio of speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light in a medium is called
Refraction Index of that medium

17. Name the Phenomenon due to which a swimming pool appears less deep than it really
is
Refraction of Lights

18. An ray of light travelling in air enters obliquely into water does the ray of light bend
towards the normal or away from the normal. Why?
1) Ray of light bends towards the normal
2) Density of water more than air.

19. Name the type of mirror used by dentists?

Concave mirror

20. Find the focal length of Concave mirror whose radius of curvature is 32 cm.
R = 2f
𝑹
f=𝟐
𝟑𝟐
f= = 16cm
𝟐

MAGNETIC EFFECT OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

1. Name the type of current used in household supply?
Alternating current (AC)

2. What is the role of the split ring in an electric motor?

 Split ring change the direction of current flowing through the coil after each half
rotation.

3. Name the rule which determine the direction of magnetic field around a straight
current carrying conductor?
Right hand Thumb Rule

4. Which of the following is not attracted by a magnet?

a) Steel b) Cobalt c) brass d) Nickel
Brass

5. What conclusion do you get from the observation that a current – carrying wire
deflects a compass needle placed near it?
The Electric current produces a magnetic field around the wire.

6. What is a Solenoid?
The Solenoid is a long coil containing a large number of close turns of insulated
copper wire.

7. Name the device which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy?
MOTOR

8. What is the principle of Electric Motor?

Magnetic effect of current

9. Name the device which converts mechanical energy into electric energy
Electric Generator

10. Name the rule which gives the direction of induced current?
Fleming’s Right hand Rule

11. If you hold a coil of wire next to a magnet, no current will flow in the coil, what else
is needed to induce a current?
Motion of the magnet into the coil

12. What name is given to the device which automatically cuts off the electricity supply
during short-circuiting in household wiring?
Fuse

13. When does an electric short circuit occur?

When flow of current in the circuit increases heavily.

14. What is meant by electro-magnetic Induction?

“A changing magnetic field linked with a coil induces a current” this is called
electro-magnetic Induction.

15. Name two safety measures commonly used in electric circuit and appliances.
1) Use of earth wire
2) Use of fuse
SOURCES OF ENERGY
1. Name the device used to convert solar energy into electricity.
 Solar cell

2. Hydrogen is used as a rocket fuel why?

Because the burning of hydrogen produces only water

3. Name any two energy sources that you would consider to be renewable.
Solar Energy, Wind Energy, Hydro Energy.

4. Now a days bio-diesel is used in transportation vehicles on an alternate to diesel.

Write 2 advantages of this measure.
1) Eco-friendly
2) Renewable source of energy.

5. What is geo-thermal energy?

Heat energy stored in the hot spots of the earth’s crust is called geothermal
energy

6. What kind of mirror is used in a solar cooker?

Concave mirror

7. What are the qualities of an idea source of energy?

1) Provides large amount of energy per unit mass.
2) It is easy to store & Transport
3) Pollution free.

8. What is the optimal wind speed for power generation from wind mills?
More than 15 km/h

9. Name the main component of bio gas

Methane

10. Name the part of the solar cooker that causes the greenhouse effect?
The Transparent glass sheet

11. Which is the ultimate source of forms of energy on the earth?

Sun

12. Which is the main component of Solar cell?

Silicon

13. Name the fuel used in thermal power plant

Uranium

14. Why are Solar heating devices painted black?

Black bodies are good absorbers of heat. So temperature rises quickly.

15. Name the reaction responsible for the large energy production in the sun.
Nuclear fusion.
Class : 10th Sub: CHEMISTRY

ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS

1. Methyl orange and Phenolphthalein.

2. By detecting smell both in acid and base medium.

Ex: Onion, Vanilla, Garlic and Clove oil.

3. Salt and water.

4. Carbon dioxide.

5. Acids reacts with base and neutralize to form slat and water.

Ex: NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O

6. Hydrogen gas.

7. Curd and sour substances are acids, reacts with metal vessel and liberate Hydrogen gas,

produce toxic substance, food became poisonous.

8. Not having charged particles called Ions.

9. When we added water to acids, lot of heat is generated, it is Exothermic reaction. So acid

slowly added to water.

10. 7.O to 7.8 pH value.

11. Using an Antacid , which neutralize the acids.

12. pH value of Acid rain is 5.8.

13. Tooth paste is a base of pH 10.

14. The acids Methanoic acid is present and causes irritation.

15. In Anode – Cholorine

Om Cathode – Hydrogen.

16. Calcium oxy chloride ( Ca(OCl)2

17. Curd – lactic acid, Tomato – Oxalic acid.

18. a) To add baking soda, to avoids milk not converted into curd quickly.
 b) Baking soda avoids formation of lactic acid formation.

METALS AND NON METALS

1. Old and Silver

2. Potassium and Sodium

3. Sodium is highly reactive element, it reacts with moist air and water Vigoursly.

4. Gold and Silver

5. Lead and Mercury.

6. Metals are sonorous property, metals are used in school bells.

7. Gallium and Cesium.

8. The metals oxides reacts both acids and bases are called amphoteric oxide.

Ex: Aluminum oxide, Zinc oxide.

9. Some oxides dissolves in water to form Alkali.

Ex: Sodium oxide and Potassium oxide.

10. Hydrogen gas.

11. Nitric acid is an oxidizing agent.

12. Potassium.

13. 3 Fe + 4 H2O Fe3O4 + 4 H2O

14. Because strong attraction force between atoms.

15. A: O = O

O2 molecule

Refer textbook

16. The reaction of iron oxide and aluminium is used to join railway track is known as

thermite process.

17. If one of the metals is mercury, then the alloy is known as Amalgam.

18. Yes. Reaction takes place, Zinc is more reactive than Iron.
 CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS

1. Carbon has the unique ability to form bonds with other atoms of carbon, giving rise to

large molecules. This property is called ‘ Catenation’.

2. Methane (CH4) and Ethane ( C2H6)

Refer Textbook

3. Single carbon bond between two carbon atoms is called saturated and double bond and

triple bond is between two carbon atoms is called unsaturated hydrocarbons.

4. A: Alkane – CnH2n + 2

Alkene - CnH2n

Alkyne - CnH2n – 2

5. he force of attraction between the atoms of covalent is less. So they less or low melting and

Boiling points.

6. The compounds having same molecular formula and different structural formula are called

‘Isomers’ the phenomenon is called ‘Isomerism’.

Ex: n – butane -- Iso butane –

7. Refer textbook

8. In organic compounds, where reaction takes place or part where one or more replaceable

hydrogen atoms takes place called functional groups.

EX: Aldehyde, Ketone and Carboxylic acids etc.

9. The organic compounds, they differ from CH2 groups are called homologous series.

Ex: CH4, C2H6, C3H8 etc..

10 a) Alcohol - OH

b) Aldehyde - CHO
c) Ketone - CO
d) Carboxylic acids.- COOH

11. Propanol ( C3H5OH) Refer textbook

12. In the combustion of petroleum, small amount of Sulphur and Nitrogen oxides emit, it
causes pollution.
13. omplete Combustion: During a combustion a less amount of smoke is liberated, it
utilizes maximum amount of oxygen.
Incomplete Combustion: During a combustion a large amount of smoke is liberated, it
utilizes minimum amount of oxygen.
14. n unsaturated hydrocarbon in the presence of catalyst to saturated hydrocarbons is called
addition reaction.
EX: Hydrogenation of oils.
15. Mehtane undergo substitution reaction with excess of chlorine gas, in the presence of
sunlight to give chloroform. The reaction involves gradual replacement of hydrogen one
atom at time.
CH3 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl
CH3Cl + Cl2 CH2Cl2 + HCl
CH2Cl2 + Cl2 CHCl2 + HCl

Periodic Classification of Elements

1. “Among the like triads, the atomic mass of the middle element was found to be
approximately equal to the average atomic masses of the other two”

2. When the elements are arranged in the Ascending order of their mass numbers, the eight
elements resembles the first element chemical properties.

3. 2n2 N= 1, 2 3, 4…….

4. A: The elements have no valency electrons and are not reactive and not invoke in a
chemical reaction, are called inert gases are placed in zero group in a periodic table.

5. “The properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic masses.

6. “The properties of elements are the periodic functions of their atomic number”.
7. “The distance between the center of the atom and its centermost shell is called atomic size
of an atom”.
8. The energy required to remove to electrons from the outermost shell. It increases along a
period and decreases down a group.

9. The horizontal rows called periods and vertical columns are called groups. There are 7
periods and 18 groups are there in a modern periodic table.

10. All zero elements have no valence, they have a octet electronic ( ns2np6) configuration
or full filled.

11. The position of elements depends upon its valence electrons. Ex: Elements with one
valence electron are in group1, two electrons in group 2 with 3 valence electron are in
group 13 and so on.
12.
Periods Groups
1. Atomic size Decreases Increases
2. Ionisation energy Increases Decreases
3. Metallic nature Decreases Increases
4. Non- metallic nature Increases Decreases

13. When we write electronic configuration of a given element, highest energy level is the
period and group is calculated by –
S1 – 1 group S2 - 2nd group P1 – 13 P2 – 14 P3 – 15, P4 – 16
P5 – 17 P6 – 18 and d1 - 3 d2 – 4 d3 – 5 d4 - 6
d5 – 7 d6 – 8 d7 – 9 d8 – 10 d9 – 11 d10 -12
EX: Sodium ( Z = 11) - 1S2 2S2 2P6 3S1
Block - S, Period – 3 Group - 1

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS

1. Magnesium ribbon reacts with atmospheric oxygen to form magnesium oxide, coated on
the surface, it is easily not burn, so clean before burning.

2. a) Hydrogen + Chlorine Hydrogen chloride

 H2 + Cl2 HCl
(H2) + Cl2 2HCl (Balanced)
b) Sodium + Water Sodium hydroxide + Hydrogen
Na + H2O NaOH + H2
2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2 Balanced

3. In a chemical reaction heat is liberated , such a reaction is called Exothermic reaction.

Ex: Cao + H2O Ca(OH)2 + Heat
In a chemical reaction, heat is absorbed, such a reaction is called Endothermic reaction.
EX: Co + 2 H2 CH3OH

4. A single product is formed by a reaction and two or more reactants.

EX: 2mg + O2 2mgo

5. A single decomposed to give a two or more products, such a reaction is called a chemical
decomposition.
Ex: CaCo3 (s) CaO (s) + CO2(g)
Types: i) Electrolytic decomposition
ii) Thermal decomposition
iii) Photolytic decomposition.
6. A single reactant decomposed to give two or more products in presence of heat is called
thermal decomposition.
Ex: CaCo3 (s) Heat CaO (s) + CO2(g)

7. A single reactant decomposed to give two or more product with the help of electric current
is called electrolytic decomposition.
2H2O(l) H2(g) + O2(g)

8.
a) Calcium oxide (Cao) or Quicklime.
b) Cao + H2O Ca(OH)2
9. The decomposition silver chloride by sunlight into silver and chlorine is called photolytic
decomposition .
Ex: 2AgCl Sunlight 2 Ag + Cl2
10. Iron is more reactive than copper, Iron displaces copper from its solution to form Iron
sulphate, so colour changes.
Ex: CuSO4 + Fe FeSO4 + Cu
11. In a chemical reaction more reactive metal or a substance displaces less reactive metal
from its solution is called chemical displacement.
Ex: Zn (s) + CuSO4(aq) ZnSO4 + Cu (s)
12. :Two different atoms or groups of atos (Ions) are mutually exchanged in a double
displament reaction.
Ex: NaCl (S) + AgNO3(S) AgCl(S) + NaNO3 (aq)
13. During a rection, substance gains oxygen is called oxidation and loses oxygen is called
reduction.
Ex: Cu + O2 2Cuo ( Oxidation)
Cuo + H2 Cu + H2O ( Reduction)

14. In a reaction, one reactant gets oxidized, while the other gets reduced, such a reactions
are called oxidation – reduction reactions or redox reactions.
Oxidation

Ex: Cuo + H2 Cu + H2O

Reduction
15. When a metal is attacked by substances around it, such as air, moisture, acids etc corrodes
the metal, this process is called as corrosion.
Ex: Brown coating on Iron, Black coating on silver and Green coating on copper.
16. When oils or fats reacts with oxygen become rancid and their smell, taste are change, this
process is called Rancidity.
17. To prevent the chips become rancid, we use Nitrogen gas, while packing of chips.
18. Corrosion is prevented by painting, anodizing, Galvanizing , chromoplating etc.
19. To prevent rusting of iron.
20. sa) H2 + O2 H2O
2(H2 ) + O2 2(H2O)
b) Fe + H2O Fe3O4 + H2
3(Fe ) + 4 (H2O) Fe3O4 + 4(H2)
C) (Cu) + O2 Cuo
2 (Cu) + O2 2(Cuo)
Class : 10th KEY ANSWER Sub: CHEMISTRY

ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS

1. Name the synthetic indicators?

2. What are Olfactory Indicators? Name them.

3. Acid + metal ___________ + _________. Complete this.

4. Metal carbonate + Acid Salt + _________ + water.

5. What is Neutralisation? Give example.

6. Name the gas liberated, during Conc. H2SO4 reacts with zinc?

7. Why should curd and sour substances not be kept in Bronze and copper vessels?

8. Distilled water, Alcohol and Glucose substances are do not conduct electricity. Why?

9. Why diluting an acid, why is it recommended that the acids, should be added to water and

not water to the acid?

10. Mention the pH range of fluids in Human body?

11. During indigestion, the stomach produces too much acids and this causes pain and

irritation. How you get rid of this pain?

12. Write the pH value of Acid rain?

13. To avoid decaying tooth, which basic substance is used?

14. Honey sting, Ant sting are Causing irritation in skin? Why?

15. In chloric – Alkali process, Name gas liberated in anode______ and in cathode______.

16. Write the chemical formula of Bleaching powder.

17. Name the acid present is Curd and Tomato.

18. A milkman adds a very small amount of baking soda to Fresh milk ----------.

a) Why does he shift the pH of the fresh milk from 6 to slightly alkaline?

b) Why does this milk take a long time to set as curd?

 METALS AND NON METALS

1. Name metals available in Free State in nature?

2. Mention metals easily cut with Knife?

3. Sodium kept under Kerosene. Why?

4. Mention the metals which are highly ductile.

5. Mention the metals which are poor conductor.

6. School bells are made by metals. Why?

7. Write the metals of low melting point?

8. What are amphoteric oxides? Give examples.

9. What are Alkalis? Give examples?

10. Mention the gas liberated, When acids reacts with metals?

11. When Nitric acid reacts with metals, Hydrogen gas is not liberated. Why?

12. Name the highly reactive metal n reactivity series?

3. Mention the balanced reaction o steam reacts with Iron?

14. Ionic compounds have high melting point and boiling point. Why?

15. Write the electron dot structure of oxygen atom.

16. What is Thermite process?

17. What is Amalgam?

18. Is reaction takes place, when Ferrous Sulphate reacts with Zinc. Justify your answer?

CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS

1. What do you mean by Catenation?

2. Write the electron dot structure of methane and Ethane.

3. Write the difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?

4. Write the General formula of Alkane, Alkene and Alkyne.

5. Why, covalent compounds have low melting and boiling points?

6. What do you mean by Isomerism? Give examples.

7. Write the structural formula of cycle hexane and Benzene.

Refer textbook

8. What are functional groups? Give example.

9. What are Homologous series?

10. Write functional groups of:

a) Alcohol b) Aldehyde

c) Ketone d) Carboxylic acids.

11. Write the structure of Propanol?

12. Why , the vehicle emission causes air pollution?

13. Write the difference between complete and incomplete combustion.

14. Define addition reaction? Give example.

15. Write a note on substitution reaction? Give example.

Periodic Classification of Elements

1. State law of Triads.

2. State Newland law of octaves.

3. Write the formula to find the number of electrons in each orbital’s of an atom.

4. What are zero elements or inert gases?

5. State Mendeleev’s periodic law.

6. State modern periodic (Mosely’s) law.

7. Write about atomic size of atom/

8.What is Ionisation energy?

9. What are periods and groups?

10. Write the valency of zero elements.

11. How does the electronic configuration of an atom relate to its position in the modern

periodic table?

12. Trends in the modern periodic table

13. How you find, The periods and groups in a periodic table.

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS

1. Why should a magnesium ribbon be cleaned before burning in air?

2. Write the balanced equation for----

3. What are Endothermic and Exothermic reactions?

4. What do you mean by chemical combination? Give example.

5. What is chemical Decomposition? Write its types.

. Write a note on thermal decomposition.

7. What is a Electrolytic decomposition?

8. A solution of a substance ‘x’ is used for white washing ___

a) Name ‘x’ and its formula

b) Write the reaction of ‘x’ with water.

9. What do you mean by photolytic decompositions?

10. Why does the colour of copper sulphate solution change, when an Iron nail is dipped in

it?

11. What is chemical displacement? Give example.

12. Give an example for a double displacement.

13. What are oxidation and reduction? Give example.

14. What are Redox reactions? Give example.

15. What is corrosion?

16. Write a note on Rancidity?

17. Why, chips bags are flush with Nitrogen gas?

18. Mention the methods prevention of corrosion?

19. Why, Iron articles are painted?

20. Balance the following:

a) H2 + O2 H2O
b) Fe + H2O Fe3O4 + H2
c) (Cu) + O2 Cuo
 BIOLOGY QUESTIONS
Life process
1. What is metabolism?
It is the sum total of all the chemical reaction which occur in a living organism due to
the interaction amongst its molecules
2. What is nutrition ?
Nutrition is a physiological processes which intake of nutrients and their utilisation by
an organism for various biological activities
3. What is nutrient ?
A substance which an organism obtained from its surrounding and uses it as a source
of energy
4.What is autotrophic nutrition ?
A nutrition in which the organisms prepare their own food using only inorganic raw
materials present in the surroundings
5.What is heterotrophic nutrition?
A nutrition in which an organism cannot produce its own food but depend on other
organisms for their food
6.Name the site of photosynthesis.
Chloroplast in the leaf
7.Name the respiratory structure of a plant.
Stomata
8.What are life process ? give example.
The process that is necessary for an organism to stay alive. Example nutrition
respiration etc.
9.Define holozoic nutrition?
The nutrition in which an organism takes the complex organic food material into its
body by the process of ingestion
10.What is emulsification?
Conversion of large fat molecules into very fine fat globules
11. What is meant by phagocytosis ?
The process of injestion of solid food particles by a cell or unicellular organism
12. List organs included in alimentary canal .
Mouth , esophagus stomach ,small intestine and large intestine
13. Write the function of salivary amylase.
Converts starch into sugar
14. Write the function of HCl.
Kills a harmful bacterium that enter along with the food
15. What is the function of mucus?
Mucus protects the inner lining of stomach from the corroding action ofHCl as well as
pepsin enzyme
16. Write the simple form of protein.
Amino acids
17. What is aerobic respiration ?
Respiration takes place in presence of Oxygen and the end products are carbon dioxide
and water
18. What is an aerobic respiration?
Respiration takes place in absence of Oxygen and the end products are ethanol and
carbon dioxide
19.Why is energy required by an organism even during sleep?
Because various biological processes keep on occurring in body which requires energy
20.Give the energy transformation that takes place in the process of photosynthesis.
Solar energy is converted into chemical energy
21.Name the largest gland in the human body
Liver
22. What will happens if xylem is removed from a plant?
The upward movement of water will stop leading to wilting of leaves and ultimately
causes death of a plant
23. Name the pigment present in red blood corpuscles.
Hemoglobin
24. In which part of the nephron water is reabsorbed
In proximal and distal convoluted tubules
25.What is urethra?
The urine collected into urinary bladder passing through a muscular tube
26. What is the main function of Kidneys in humans?
Kidneys excrete water and dissolve metabolic waste
27. Which is the major nitrogenous waste product in human beings? how is it removed from
the body?
The major nitrogenous waste product in human being is urea, it removed from the
body through urine
28. What prevents backflow of blood inside the heart during contraction ?
Valves in heart prevent backflow of blood
29. In which forms most plants absorb nitrogen?
Nitrates and nitrites
30. What is chyme ?
Slightly digested food enters into the stomach through the alimentary canal.
31. Name the enzyme which present in infants but may be absent in adults
Renin
32. Name the structural and functional unit of kidney
Nephron
33. State the necessary conditions for autotrophic nutrition and name the by products and and
sources.
34.Describe heterotrophic mode of nutrition and give its example
35. Write three events which occur during the process of photosynthesis
36. Name three different glands associated with digestive system in humans and name their
secretions
37. List two functions performed by dilute hydrochloric acid in our stomach
38. the enzyme present in the pancreatic juice and give their functions
39. Name respiratory pigment in human being
40.Respiration is an exothermic reaction justify the statement
41. Define breathing explain the mechanism of breathing in human beings
42. With the help of a schematic flow chart show the breakdown of glucose in a Cell to
provide energy
43. Differentiate aerobic and anaerobic respiration
44. Why are the walls of ventricles thicker than the walls of atrium
45. Differentiate arteries and veins
46. Write the functions of the following.
Xylem, Pulmonary artery, Pulmonary vein and Phloem
47. What would be the consequences of deficiency of haemoglobin in our body?
48.What is the filtering unit of kidney why is it called so?
Control and coordination
1.What is neuron?
The structural and functional unit of nervous system
2. What is cranium?
A bony box of skull enclosing the brain
3. Name the function of abscisic acid
wilting of leaf
4. What is the difference between a reflex action and walking?
walking is the voluntary action that takes place with once Vil reflex action is
an involuntary spontaneous response to a stimulus without ones will
5. Which part of the brain maintains posture and equilibrium of the body?
cerebellum
6. What are plant hormones?
naturally occurring chemicals which regulate the coordination of various
activities in plants
7. Plant hormone that promotes growth
auxin
8. Define phototropism
Movement or bending of the shoot towards light is called phototrophism
9. Plant hormone that promotes growth
gibberellins
10. An example for chemotropism
the growth of pollen tube towards ovule
11.How does chemical coordination occur in plants?
 chemical coordination by plant hormone that helps to co-ordinate growth
development and response to the environment
12. What is synapse?
the junction between neurones
13.Name the largest cell present in the human body
neuron
14.Write the function of medulla oblongata
control all involuntary actions like blood pressure salivation and vomiting
15. Name the two components of central nervous system in human
brain and spinal cord
16. Identify the gland that secretes insulin and thyroxine
pancreas and thyroid gland
17. What is reflex action ?
The Automatic response to the external stimulus
18.What is the function of midbrain ?
mid brain controls many of the involuntary actions
19.Mention the functions of forebrain
fore brain responsible for intelligence memory consciousness willpower and
voluntary actions
20. Name the hormone responsible for balance of calcium and phosphate in human body
parathormone
21. Define nerve impulse
the information passing through neurones is in the form of chemical and electrical
signals called nerve impulse
22.Name the structure which protect spinal cord of the body
the vertebral column commonly called backbone protects the spinal cord
23.Name the hormone which lowering the level of blood glucose in human beings
insulin
24. Name two tissues that provide control and coordination in multicellular organisms
nervous tissue and muscular tissue
25.Which signals will get disturbed in case of spinal cord injury
 reflex action and involuntary actions will disturbed
26. Differentiate reflex action and walking
27. Why is the use of iodised salt advisable?
28.Why are some diabetes patients treated by giving insulin injections?
29. Define hormone.Write any four characteristics of hormone in humans
30. How do plants respond to external stimulus?
31. An old man is advised by his doctor to take less sugar in his diet, name the disease from
which the man is suffering? mention the hormone due to imbalance of which he is suffering
from the disease? which endocrine gland secretes this hormone?
32. Write three main functions of the nervous system
33.What is phototropism? describe an activity to demonstrate it
34. How does chemical coordination occur in plants?
35. How is the movement of leaves of the sensitive plant different from the movement of a
shoot towards light?
36. Describe the structure of neuron
37. Describe the role of forebrain in human
38. Explain any three types of tropism with example
39. Differentiate sensory and motor neurones
40. Differentiate effectors and receptors
41. Explain the process of reflex action with example
42. What are the parts involved in reflex arc? explain
43. How does our body respond when adrenaline is secreted into the blood?
44. How is brain protected from injury and shock?
45.Name the endocrine gland which secretes growth hormone and write the adverse effect of
deficiency and excess secretion of growth hormone
How do organism reproduces
1.What is reproduction?
process by which an organism produces young ones of its on for perpetuation of its
race
2. Mention the types of reproduction
sexual and asexual reproduction
3.What is a sexual reproduction?
 a single parent give rise to offsprings without gamut production or fusion
4.What is sexual reproduction?
fusion of gametes from two parents give rise to offsprings
5.Name the reproductive organ of a plant
flower
6. Name male reproductive part of a flower
anther containing pollen grains
7. Name female reproductive parts of a flower
Ovary, style and stigma
8. What is pollination?
transfer of pollen grains from anther is of a flower to the stigma of the same or
another flower
9.What is fertilization?
fusion of male and female gametes
10. Different types of pollination
self pollination and cross pollination
11. What is self pollination?
transfer of pollen grains from anther to the stigma of the same flower
12.What is cross pollination?
transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of another flower of
the same species
13. What is the effect of DNA copying which is not perfectly accurate in the reproduction
process ?
results in variations in populations for better survival of the species
14.What is the function of pollen grains in flowers ?
pollen grains are the male gametes which fertilizers the egg cell present in the ovule
15.Why is fertilization not possible without pollination?
in a flower fertilization requires both male and female gametes if pollination does not
occur male gametes will not be e available hence fertilization cannot take place
16.How is sperm genetically different from the egg ?
sperm contain either X or Y chromosome whereas an egg will always have an x
chromosome
17. Write two functions of testis in human beings
testis produces sperm and male sex hormone testosterone
18. Name the life process of an organism that helps in the growth of its population
reproduction helps in the growth of the population
19.Name the male and female gametes in animals
male gametes are called sperms while female gametes are called egg or ova
20. Testis are placed outside the abdominal cavity in the scrotal sac give reason
because it requires a temperature lower than the normal body temperature for the
production of sperms
21. What is gestation?
the period of development of foetus in the uterus till birth is called gestation
22. Define parturition
the birth of the fully developed foetus is called parturition
23. What is DNA ?
DNA is the carrier of heredity information from parents to the next generation
24. Name unisexual flowers
papaya and watermelon are unisexual flower
25. Name the parts of bisexual flower that are not directly involved in reproduction
calyx Corolla and thalamus
26. Name male and female sex hormone
one male sex hormone is testosterone and female sex hormone is oestrogen
27. What are bisexual organism? give example
organism bearing both the sex organs in the same individual are called by sexual
example mustard hibiscus
28. Write the function of fallopian tube and uterus
fertilization and implantation of zygote
29.What is menopause?
the period of permanent cessation of Menstruation in female
30. Write the functions of ovaryof human female reproductive system
production of female hormones oestrogen and progesterone and production of
female gamete
31.What is seed?
the reproductive unit formed from a fertilised ovule containing stored food and an
embryo
32. What is embryo?
it is the state of development between the zygote or fertilized egg
33.What is puberty?
the period during adolescence when the reproductive organs become functional and
sexual maturity occur
34.What is vasectomy ?
the removal of a piece of Vas difference and both ends are ligated
35.What is tubectomy?
blocking the fallopian tube of females by ligation or cutting and tying.
36.Name sexually transmitted disease
Syphilis, gonorrhoea, AIDS
37. What is placenta ?
the tissue connecting developing embryo and mother is called placenta
38.Expand form of AIDS
acquired immuno deficiency syndrome
39.What is flower?
flower is reproductive part of a plant
40. Write the difference between pollination and fertilization
41. Differentiate between the pollen grains and ovule
42.Write the difference between radicle and plumule
43. Differentiate between unisexual and bisexual flower
44. Differentiate cross pollination and self pollination
45. Write the importance of DNA copying in reproduction
46. Write the function of seminal vesicle and prostate gland
47. What are the changes seen in girls at the time of puberty?
48. What are the different methods of contraception?
49. Why one should adopt contraceptive methods?
50. Distinguish between Gametes and zygote. explain their role in sexual reproduction. what
are the difference between male and female germ cell?
51. Describe the process of fertilization in a flower
52. Write the role of placenta during pregnancy
53. What is sexual reproduction list its four significance?
54. “Reproduction is essentially a phenomenon that is not for survival of an individual but for
the continuation of a species” justify.

Heredity and evolution

1. What is heredity?
The transmission of characters from the parents to their off springs
2. What is variation?
Difference in the characters among the individuals of a species
3. What is evolution?
A gradual genetic change in a group of living being to produce new forms
4. What factors could lead to the rise of a new species?
Genetic variation, natural selection and reproductive isolation
5. Name the father of genetics
Gregar John Mendel is known as the father of genetics
6. Define chromosome
Thread like structure that bears genes and are enclosed within nucleus
7. Define gene
Gene is a segment of DNA molecule which carries the code for the synthesis of a specific
protein
8. Define alleles
Genes which code for a pair of contrasting traits are known as alleles
9. Expanded form of DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
10. Write the function of gene
Gene is a carrier of the genetic information from one generation to the next
11. Who proposed the theory of natural selection?
Charles Darwin proposed the theory of natural selection
12. How many pairs of chromosomes are found in human beings?
23 pairs of chromosomes
13. What is a sex chromosome?
The chromosomes which are associated with sex determination are called sex
chromosomes
14. Who gave the theory of Inheritance of acquired character?
Lamarck
15. Define mutation
Sudden change in the genetic form of an organism mutation leads to to variations in an
organism
16. What are fossils?
The remains for Impressions of the Dead animals and plants lived in the past
17. Hema: What is the significance of archaeopteryx in evolution?
Archaeopteryx provides evidence of evolution of birds from reptiles and its study shows
that birds and reptiles had a common ancestors and birds have evolved from reptiles
18. What is genetic drift?
The elimination of the genes of certain traits when a section of species population
migrates or dies due to natural calamity
19. What is speciation?
Speciation is the formation of new species from the pre-existing population
20. Write the factors responsible for speciation
Genetic drift, natural selection, geographical isolation, mutation
21. What is genotype?
It is a gene complement of an individual with respect to one or more characters
22. What is phenotype?
It is an observable characteristics of an individual
23. What is microevolution?
Evolution on a relatively small-scale
24. What is the basis of evolution?
Selection of variants by environmental factors forms the basis of evolution
25. An example of vestigial organ present in human body
Vermiform appendix
26. Who proposed the theory of natural selection
Charles Darwin
27. What are homologous organs?
Organs having same basic structural design but different function and appearance
28. What are Analogous organs?
Organs with different basic structural design but have similar appearance and perform
similar functions
29. What is monohybrid?
Cross the cross between two individual with one pair of contrasting character is called
monohybrid cross
30. Name two human traits which shows variation
Colour of the eye and height
31. Write the scientific name of human and garden pea
Homo sapiens, passim sativum
32. Explain in brief how the sex of newborn is genetically determined in human beings
33. How are fossil formed? describe two methods of determining the age of fossils
34.How fossils tell us about the process of evolution?
35. Explain Darwin's theory of evolution
36. What is the significance of homologous and analogous organs in the process of
evolution?
37. Explain with an example how trait get expressed
38. What are the various ways by which genes can enter a population?
39. Explain with an example how traits get expressed
40. With an example explain dihybrid cross
41. List 7 contrasting character selected by Mendel for his experiment
42. Explain the ways in which evolutionary relationship can be traced
43. Give the basic features of the mechanism of inheritance
44. Differentiate acquired and inherited traits
45. Name two homologous structure in vertebrates. why are they called so? how do such
organs helps in understanding and evolutionary relationship?
46.” A trait may be inherited but may not be expressed” justify the statement with example
47. How do variations occur in an offspring?
48. What is DNA copying? state its importance
49.What are chromosome? explain how in sexually reproducing organism that number of
chromosome in the progeny is maintained
50.”Evolution and classification are interlinked” justify this statement
51. What are the various evidences in favour of evolution?
52. Explain the ways in which evolutionary relationship can be traced

Our environment
1. Why is it necessary to conserve our environment?

In order to maintain ecological balance

2. Name two biodegradable and nonbiodegradable pollutants

Biodegradable domestic sewage and wood. Non-Biodegradable plastic and DDT

3. What is environment?

Environment is the physical chemical and biological condition of the region

4. What is the function of Ozone in the upper atmosphere?
Ozone Shields the surface of the earth from ultraviolet rays from the Sun
5. What are the two main components of our environment?
Biotic and abiotic components
6. Name two decomposers
Bacteria and fungi
7. Write an aquatic food chain
Phytoplankton > zooplanktons > fish > seal.
8. Draw a food chain with four trophic level
Plants > rats > snakes > hawks
9. The first trophic level in the food chain is always green plants. Why?
Because only plants can utilize the radiant energy of the sun and transform it to
chemical form during photosynthesis
10. Which forms the second trophic levels of food chains
Herbivorous
11. Name the chemical responsible for the depletion of Ozone layer
Chloro fluoro carbon
12. List two examples of natural ecosystem
Forest, Ponds, lakes
13. Green plants are called producers give reason
Because green plants prepare food by photosynthesis using solar energy
14. Crop fields known as artificial ecosystem. Why?
Because crop fields are made by men and some biotic and abiotic components are
manipulated
15. “Bacteria and fungi are called decomposers” justify
Bacteria and fungi break down the dead and decaying organic matter into simpler
substances and provide the nutrients back to the soil
16. Name the natural scavengers of ecosystem why they are called so
17. State any two practices which can help in the protection of our environment
18. Write effects of ozone depletion
19. What are the problems caused by non-biodegradable waste in our environment?
20. Define trophic level, producers and Food Web
21. Differentiate biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste
22. What are the harmful effects of biodegradable waste?
23. What are the importance of decomposers?
24. How does flow of energy occur in trophic level? Define bio magnification
25. Why is energy flow always uni-directional?
26. Construct one food web
27. Give an example of food chain representing four steps
28. What are different types of ecological pyramids?
29. Explain sewage treatment
30. What do you understand by the term incineration?
31. What are the three steps involved in disposal of garbage?
32. What is biodiversity? What will happen if biodiversity of an area is not preserved?
33. Differentiate Food Chain and Food Web
34. Suggest any five activities in daily life which are eco friendly
35. Name the waste which are generated in your house daily what measures would you take
for their disposal
36. How is ozone formed? Explain what causes its damage
37. Describe any four modes of disposal of waste
38. Explain some harmful effects of agricultural practices on environment
39. Suggest suitable mechanism for waste management in fertilizer industries
40. We do not clean Ponds or lakes but an aquarium needs to be cleaned. Why?
41. Give any two ways in which Non-Biodegradable substances would affect the
environment
42. Describe how decomposers facilitate recycling of matter in order to maintain balance in
the ecosystem
43.”Damage to the Ozone Layer is a cause for concern” justify the statement suggest any two
steps to limit the damage
44. What are the byproducts of fertilizer Industries? How do they affect the environment?
45. Why do harmful Chemicals concentrate as we go up in the food chain?
46. What are chlorofluorocarbons? How are they responsible for causing hole in the ozone?
What will be the consequences of Ozone hole?
By K M Hema, SRSGHS,
SMG
Ph= 9902173836