Let U = -

i 2π rScos θ → dU = i 2π rSsin θ dθ

sin θ d θ= izarsdU

%finitsinodo iaisdars erizars fizars

2avs
i -
= 2) isin (2 ars
izars
=

) 2
i
-

i 2arS i 2 arS ars

* ix = cosx 1
-

isinx

ftncrsteasinodo "
fcDdr
crrsinaisd
)
=

f.
2π

S☆ resinczrsdr
{
)
f (s ) =
4π (r )
.

f (ε ) = 4π [cr
.
) rr
sin ε

r dr

Meiz
為
π s .

5 )z 予
if 8 0
= → ).
max Zcatomicx fc =

f[) ^ f [ s3 x
atomic ☆

…
# const

Z 4 fcs ) , A( s ) , J ( s 34 24 , J () 9
.

, 4 9

5
樂例
Scattering anassembleof
atomray trom

totalx ofe Natm Z N

=

=
-
.

∞
A Eizar :
,
Aobe
(5 )
Fj rktrk
=

⼦的⼜
=

fiatltattay
A 51 = Abo 㿉

Aube
…
幽
_

点点 別 e
5

form factor

Nat
Eizπ .
Aobe 忘 "fk( 5 )
5

"

if D all atoms are of the same

type :
A 5 = Aobef
) )
烹 MatEiatais

② for continuous distributiono f atoms ALE =AobefCsJnenC )

ed
:
a

factortructure
P [ε )
MIP ( 53 electrom

?
(原⼦ 了在空間的排列位置
^
form facto about
☆ electrons
≈ S (S) ⼀顆电⼦孙表現
⼀

fJa [
)
ZCatomia torxrayax
.
Laetic S<
q)
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sphers
苗述交互作⽤⼒強弱 atomic →

molecule -

→ cylindv layer
>

它
A ⑤) α P ε ) Sq )
x

q
⼀个电⼦ A (5) =
AobitexI ptiznrs ]
。

⼀个原⼦ (NT
. Aobenoseiarsd
电⼦) A ( 5 ) Aibeptizx = = 5

Aq )
= Aobeexpt -

ir ε ) =
Aobe { nc) eirqdr
.

fizans Aibefc 5 fe eizarks

*
.“个原⼦ AAbes Neon Aobefhatmct Eizar
* 5
dr
.

)众" )

)
atomicformfactor : f

=
Abe
 of
Scattering neutron
eX H spin =Ʃ
of
scattering length
( b)
,

neutron neutron nud interactions

-

0 "

bt =
1 , 080 × ( cm

of nudeus (
D The
length consh . ) independems θ b
b "

scattering = = -

4 .
737 × ( D cm

ft 与
-

of 求
magmitude bwaries
randomly obtained ①
② The expt ,
,

③ 5. oh Jinc
,

③ neutron
spiniz) es for nedeus with spin it 0 exi tHiD sbt .5
<== 代
a
、
= =☆
k +
f += ) %
. δ= ×z +
ius if ex . , C 三
z

spinof mucleres
2→ +
i =0
0
all necler have am idemrical b
質⼦是偶
< b >= [ ☆ b++ 公 b ) ==

Coheremt dependent of f ( 5)
{
+ b+j
-

>=
scattering structure
f + =

4 π< b>
A [5
r σcob
Aobe Ʃ eiE
=
'

)
=

σic =
4
π[ [ >- <

b >x ]
In coherent
scattering signals extra ex
background independentofstructure
,
1 barn = 108 = 1 δ
24
>
.
m cm

ft =

zitiit i
f ftef 1
'

=zit
=

< b >= f bt +
fb
ri
bjfiq . A 意bxeiE
. re
Aq
*

)= A
。 為
[ ]
ε
=
A 。

k)
晶 ] … bjb eiq - j
(
AA
*
-

J (ε) =
→ =

<
>
。

biba
(j
i =
k → … =
cb"
→<bjbx >=< bj +δ ik < b > >^ )
<
- b
±
k →< b
;
bx>=< b >=
 r -
d eiE 5
. <bib eiEtj →
-

> =<b
) N < btb + 》
2 '

Coheremt incoherent
structaeve imformation

of
Scattering X
ray
vs neutron
-

Aobeeiqy
x : A ε1
ray
=
-
5 borthXryad
}
Ai = Aob 哥
eiEi nentron

neatror : A (
ε)
=
A ban 等 eiEy
.

normalized amplitude → scattering length

A =

品
Aiq 系 -bSnc
EiEbi
'
=
eEidi (t
fP

)
Ls ⽗ of
=
)

fiErdrlsscatterileugeh
ng dencieydictribution
density
( SLD )
for X b =

be →∞ ( t ) =
beM {t )
ray
-

=Ʃ⑤ bound coherent

for neutron ∞( t = 专bna(r ) )

biV :

oolume
scattering length of
atomj
:
the m
cotaiminag atorang
 Map
Autocorrelation
funs ={
ε
idr
i

A( δ( ) θ
q
⼀

1 I ( ε>=

Q =
S 。☆
JI ( s)
( ) ei ε idr

ds =β ( 0 ) = V ☆》

V
FL ) = RC 0 +

nall

I(
q
1
=

SRL ) EiEidi + D
》VSE
.

② I ( 8) V P S(
.
<ε )
=
)
.

q
n

回Particulate sys .

Rg :

Srsosdtt ) dr =
ifro (r dr/ )
Rg' =

Ebiri
: π

号 birj
 ε
Acq = So( ) e idr : jei ε i
-

i
) =
δ

@ Sperical partide ( 21 個 ) A ( ) 4
p[ Vp[ SinER
3

ERCosERorm
tactor of q sinER - qRcosER]
one
sphere
= = -

→
0 R
δ () = r ≤

xcosxxs
{ .
sinx
A( q)
-

3Vf
,

where qR
=

X =

0 r > R
.

= av : csinx
xcost -

⼀
IE
恐
歬“
1

×6 xcosx(
xosinx
µ
-

器
5 :

R qφ R ε
.

=
∵ ,

V =π R
3

I( >α " = × V

q qR

的 onodisperse
min
^
.

→ I( α RC
nemolicaticve
)
q
⼤家都⼀樣
(N個 ) sperical partide
"

Iq = Iiq )
NIPq
) =
.

partidlydisperse
( N 個 ) sperical

where P ( R) :
size distribution func
= 寬
Peaks broaden
dR
.

S I 'E , Pa)
< I( )
Riagsx
。 )
→
q S P ( R ) dR
P ( R) =

exp [ 以⼀了 品 州
:
半⾼寬