Reciprocal Space

δ ( t) →
ACq ) →
ICE )
=
ACq ) 1ε
A

Define :

Invariant Q
Overal )
=

SI (5) ds =

@
2 ☆ SICε) dq
scattring power
of sample

δ ()
< >
A ( 5) ∵ ds =
d ) < sd θ )
$ ( ssin θ dd )
"

。% [ Ics
"

∴ Q =
) s ' sinod4 dods
9 。

"

9☆ Icsodso sin θ doS

"

dp
=

.
。
v

占)
( . 、 [ ( 5)

∵ I( 5) fEteizasrdr
=

Q ) eizasidids :
SI ) ds ffE (f [feizasids] dr i
= =

(s

=
[ ∴ ( t ) 8 () dr = B

(0 ) = V

<☆
2
>
 1 6 due the
sample whole
scattering
to as
.

I (5 ) =

fP eizasidr
) . I(
q
)

=J ∴( t ) eiqtdr δ (a )
'

ou z e + =
'

P 0( r 1

-Solb ( u) du r

Gc
④

lets () =
→
() +☆ ' C)
☆ []
」

δ> u
n -

∞ ”

歲爽
*
*
fluceuation H ( ω =☆ ( ]
) -

☆> ,
⼼ …
∴ …

u )

: E (t ) =
SoCDCtr ) duu time time

J [U( ) +☆>J [R( + t ) +☆> ] du

fnhuintait ) du t ss,fntuide 0Jnta t +rldu +☆ xfdu D7 =

=
sdcd r >
Spta) da =☆>√

sfniaidufpcuis
s da 了 :fptasden
s sfdie= ssxV - >^ V : 0
8

same as
Sntutz) du

{~
ICq 3

J 是 C] EiE. rdi
SnlHCU- ) du +☆ fdu
IE
]
=

E ( )=
3

∴ →

=[ ( ) ←∞>√
ET f 8 ([)
0
= (

ICq) =

J. ( ) ei
ε
irdr = [
1 }(r ) eigidi+ <
0→ Vfeiε idr f 3 -

q
fPp r )eiqidr +☆ U δ☆

mallscuelering
(

Hullscattering
dueto tlucenatininstp blodkced a beam
stopper
due to the sample vol .
as a whole Coecurs at q =
0
]
by
𠃍
 Diffraction
1 7
.

by crystals
expomential @ 800 m
temp ,

— decay
I(
q
)

MU decay 4
@
high temp .

T 4 S 9 54
I[I θ )
,
, , ,

~~
temprature effeat
∵存 thermal wibration

for 2 鼠 =
在位置上市 ,
獲得修正項

realspae
δ (r = E( t
) ) * z( r )

tlattice factor
誰入撓射強度⼤
0?

AC 5 )
@
F (5 ) E(
⑤☆
110

reciprocal
= x
space

structare factor
2 .
1 Model Structure studied by SAS

PCE) for disordered dilute 1 = )

system Sq
a or 粗糙平滑
" 4

球 Iα q 00
是 → sdimensiom
:
omunsseering
lgIN
、

Ixexpl rcd q
I α → 1 dimensiom
aviniereginiRgpurtidksize df
disk Ixq^→
“

dimensiom

IXE
1 2
外墨 qmin
partideshape fractal
唱 002 -
dimension →
=
0
Intermediate
.

region
:
,

啊ih述影喲喲orihilbyhh
Ogaiz
t
鋭
1
-
0
40
競
.

Porod (

region Chighq specific surfacearea % )

…
)
:

d 看形貌

σ
Ix 总

笔 min
岁
>
lag q
"
=
0
. 002
qmax0 . 4 A
' 3 θ= 50

Grange放⼤倍率
20
= 50
→
取決於想要看到的東 )
q( A

I( =
C0" n V Pq SCE onc fluctuation
i n
)
)
.

)
.

q
the A of partides
☆= contrastte In SLD P ( q ) form factor :
形狀 ⼤⼩分佈
Rg radius of
,

qyration
:

Pp ☆s intra
scarteringide
=

pa
-

rticle veat 盤旋半公

, ) Structure factor

interaction
:
Scq
n ' of control
density
:
, conc
by
A

partick
ter _

( 份⼦間 )
 sexponential intensiey
decayxexpE
^

IcE) ( p
ε
)
←
—
tpowerlar
smea

/ polydicperce… …
… …

decay (
fringes ( humps )
晶

nodispersesizedistribantion
書乐多 ,

q
_

1 .
dilute particulate sys .

( phase separation)
X :
Flory Huggins
-

interaceion

2 .
a
nonparticalate 2 -

phase sys .

( )=
.
X φ 兩者相作

totthhigtionntatiti
.

At 号

BrcusIioG
A

x 上兩者相吸

lamella 鋒⼀定
A3 O

periodicsys
4
3 .
. 1 : 2 : 3 : =
oH - ^

a
B
→

asdlubleblend
se

。
4 -

滨 = - < S +
片
↓ 。

—
x A
T emp
Low critical saturation
flucruaeion
Icqdensiey
个 —
separatios
phuse
LcsT
whan
> [σ } -

☆☆ heating
3 Compositiomfluctuation —
—
← 「4 ☆ [ S
3 E 3 [ 1

> if [ 3
T 23 Ts >
54 ex . 出志晶 saltsugar
q
q
: 0 LCST : phase sEparation
nall
when
coaling
(oppez critical satu ration Temp )
.
2 .
2 Dilute particulate sys .

Define : D
Rg
'

drCldr
SoCt
iSrotridt
=

)
partide is continuoos medium
⑤
蓔
:

分離 , 不連續⼩

bjbiir rjtbndsinekbeuds
;

enters
底

Rg ==^
it
② particde is diserete
scattering
=

÷
centers are ofthe same kind of atom

ideal ( Gaussian) chains flexible chains lfreely jointchains friadri .

4afrd
:
s

Rg
= =

、
3R
ideal exluded
魂排公)
vdume chain Soodi 告R3 351
R

assumption
: 1 no
Cphantom
Rg R sphere
=

bond
angle limitation →
2
,
no

立体障礙
3 .
no hindrance

) beads
end to end distance

tncurelatia
-

(Nt (
-

tctiiljorrelation
N (

N bamdss each sondl < rr >=<tiili )

= 前
liil
< 7 =

' tiili>
④

bondjbondJuncorrelation
i

喲 lt
⑨
=
0

γ >
逊
之 βj
∵ itj ∴ 0 =

④
Ntsroots
mean
square
'

NEO
"
-

< r >= Nl
-

( )
r

:
<
end -

to -

end distance ,

Rg ' E γ
5 以推導來的 不⽤證 ,
 A( ) f eiq rdr
.

=
σ ( t)
q
17
Spherical particdes :

ACq fo( eiq idr 9. %( ) eiqrcosor

. .

'

' =
t) =
' sin θ drdodo
esolidsphere
%

δ ()= %
↑,
真空 {
品

。 ( r ) r = [ "eiqrcossin θ d θ了 dr
及 .
→
2π
。—

⼝
。↓ ☆
S

V =π R → 4 π: 發

3 令 U -
- iErcos θ dU =
iErsindde sinod θ= iqrdu
'

%是 iEvcosOsin θ do {qriEe"iqidU = 2 isinCE

)=

iqiedU = iqi( eiEr iqr

)
iGr
-

iqi
"

.⑤ ( sinEr RSsinErdr
= 4%
.
- 2
→ A( ) = 2π r ) r dr =
4π rsin ( fr ) dr
q

令 u =
r du
dr =

dr =
sin ( qr ) dr → ⼼ =

感 cos ( qr)

% rsin (qv ) = cos qr )

% % cos ( Er ) dr
装 ( qr )
∵→ 感 (E ”
%
(

dr 是
-

=
cos sin )

=
是 cos ( ER)
sinCE+ 2

sin ( ER
(
RcosCER ) πP(
)
4
→ A(
q
) =
- E
+
E
>
)

=
E sin ( qR )- ERcos ( ER )
R

>。 sin
②③π
— ]
[

( qR )- ERCOsCER
3 v
4 π=
l

sinx
xcs
-

here
Alq ) 3 Vf x ER
= =
w
3