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AAR
INTRODUCTION Y, DEG OF
. Yz
£ FREEDOM
G C.
"
( I ( KUD )
x.
-_ ,
I Zz
Zi 4
' 2
STIFFNESS DISPLACEMENT p
FORCE .
ELEMENT
NODE
Xiy TRANSLATION .
Y TRANSLATION .
x
,y
TRANSLATION COMBINATION OF
BEAM 1 FRAME &
•
2- ROTATION •
Z ROTATION
Truss 1STRuT/RoD/ CABLE
✓ SPRING .
B
Q →
Q →
ran on p
j GLOBAL
Doo Ho ¥¥ A o
J
I % . I
2 ROTATION Y
1¥ C C
'
TRANSLATION 1¥ c
NOTATION :
%
>
d
d, K LOCAL REPRESENTATION A
%
,
=
L
q
D. ,
K = GLOBAL REPRESENTATION E LOCAL
d
JOIN THE DARKSIDE
STIFFNESS METHOD - TRUSS
df.GE
DEVELOPING GENERAL TRUSS EQUATION MATRIX (K ) .
"
[ K' I
Aff!, f)
= -
:
,
En Df
2) DISPLACEMENT TRANSFORMATION MATRIX ( T)
]
DF
[ d ] =[ T ][ D] (t )
t-fgxgyg.gg/cDI=fYgnng:g )
-
DN F
? De ,
.
-
Cds
( da ! )
=
DN
'
C×= cos Ix Cy = cos by . .
Divx
z) TRANSFORMATION MATRIX ( TT )
FORCE
Qfy
[Q ] [ T ]T[q ] (2) he
'
= -
:÷/" Ka :L
'" " " a.
( Eg:÷l
""
-
:
an .
.
w
,
SUBSTITUTES -
(1) INTO EQ .
=p:{ YEE
"I
Nik 's CTICD ] -
SUBSTITUTES -
(3) INTO -
(2)
[ Q] CTIT [ ( K] [TT] [
] [ TIED ] ] [T ]
'
'
= K =
. K .
SOLVING THIS ;
[ Q] =
[ k ] [ D] WHERE k ;
Nx Ny Fx Fy
Aq
t : ÷÷÷÷÷÷:p
""
" x Nx
Sym .
Fx
Fy
By USING ANGLE @× = 0
,
by =90°
y
( 4,3 ) CX @ I @ y =p
- cos =
Cy = Cos
÷×zg
^ ,
@y
53.130 o
ELEMENT 2
.
( 0,01 Cx =
4-1=0.8 > ×
⑤ Ix
°
> 36.870 by > 53.13
g
(y =
3--0=0.6 Cx = cos DX = 0.8 Cy =
Cosby -
0.6
,
5
JOIN THE DARKSIDE
44
EXAMPLE 1
q2 ELEMENT 1 Cx -_ I
, Cy = O
is %→i
'
I
Asaf ;)
"" "
:
3M
}
-1¥ ③
46 Is 12kW sym
Z
.
4 I 2
lkil-AEfo.EE 0/1
> →5 0-0.25 03
o O O 4
# Sym .
0.25
2
4M 0
c.es#.ni:gYr::m.:g.oao.a:i:':i::;:::d
10.820.810.62
t.kz/=AgE
-
Gym .
•
FIND ELEMENT STIFFNESS MATRIX (K )
5 6 I 2
Nx Ny Fx Fy
""
Y :÷:÷÷¥
" " 0.096 0.128 5
f ::÷÷÷÷:L :
0.096
⇐ :
"
SYMMETRY .
:* Fx
0.072 2
JOIN
Fy THE DARKSIDE
.im#ni:tc:l::t=i:it:K
[Q ] -
-
[ K ][ D ] •
PARTITIONING
"" sea ,
A A
GLOBAL SUM OF [QK ] = KNOWN FORCE
STIFFNESS ELEMENT
STIFFNESS [ Qu ] = UNKNOWN FORCE
MATRIX
MATRIX [ Du ] =
UNKNOWN DISPLACEMENT
[ Dk ] = KNOWN DISPLACEMENT
CONTINUING FROM EXAMPLE 1 ;
[ Kii Kiz Ku
, , ,
Kzz ] = PARTITION OF
[K ] = [K ,
] t [ Kz ] GLOBAL STIFFNESS MATRIX .
l Z 3 4 5 6
3 v -
4
-
I z
444*10.250 g) (K ] -0.128 I
?otg
0 0.096
03
AE 934T -0.25 -
-
an -
-
a ,
O O O 4 T Ot
Sym .
0.25 I
a. 072
O O -
0.096 -
0.072 2
Z t
-
I
> 0.25 0 0 No 0 3
5 6 I 2
STIFFNESS
""
:#
0.128 5
3.moi
= " 0.096 0-096
ovaries
;%; o a
..
0.096 I
0.128 0.096 5
0.0722
Symmetric
0.072 6
>
-
9%75%1 93.3=1%1
2
i¥→n . ②ii. :
f
t
-
①
an
49.7519%1 431.3=1311
'
inn
ga
-1¥③
.
→5
6
÷÷t÷÷÷:÷÷÷÷÷
-0.128 0.096
0.25
PARTITIONING THE MATRIX ; 0.096
-
-
0.096 0.072 0.096 0.072
it:*:* :c:*
-
-
:* :*:*:*
:* .
:
-
0.25 0
0.096 I. 072
-
0.096 -
0.072 O O
2) UNKNOWN , .
↳ IED
-
- -
AE 0.37-80.096 D
-
-
p
-
¥
,
z
m →
,
=
0.096 0.072 i
Dz
-
-12
=tpz
!
-
-
-
- -
- -
-
-
using CALCULATOR ;
I
. G @ -
-
-
64
D.
4 12kW
-
-
#
¥-55
-
=
D2 AE - 252
- .
(4×1)=(4×412×1) + (4×4)/4×1 )
*
K2 ][ Du ]t[ km ][ Dk ]
*
(Bulls Now A KNOWN VALUE
22 ( ]=[
Qu ,
since [ Dk ] =D ;
* 4 2
[ Qu ] = [ Ka ][ Du ] 16kW ¥3 M
T
← → i
fat
Yg:/ "f:÷÷
64
Qz
t
-0.25 ya
in .
.
96 4 12kW
96
: 72
16kW →
A
→5
12kW
, , ,
1) MEMBER
÷!;)
INTERNAL FORCE
⑨
=ckst Mails AEK ;] .
-
Yc: :] .
since Gn = -
eye
[d ]
,
df a
GF
!÷q )
"
div [ 93 =
AIL -
Cx -
Cy Cx as ]
.
w
,
qn
2) SUPPORT SETTLEMENT
•
[ Dk ] =/ [ o ] IF IN THE STRUCTURE HAVING SUPPORT SETTLEMENT
OF THE
I. DEFORMATION .
[Q ] = [ K ] [ D ] t [Q ] .
£ tag any
FABRICATION ERROR TEMPERATURE CHANGE ^
⑨ > Qnx
¥:÷l :* :
¥÷÷l :* ÷t .
:c.
⑤
. .
>
QFX
* 8L ( tve ) * IT Ctve ) HEATED
: Too LONG :
( -
ve ) : Too SHORT C Ve )
-
: COOLED
•
INTERNAL MEMBER FORCE WITH FABRICATION ERROR 1 TEMP CHANGE .
[ q) [K ][ TIED ] [ Go ]
'
= t
AHL
( FABRICATION ERROR )
pg
-
g!g.bg/tl9oILB-AExoTLTEmP
L
[ qy ,
AIL -
Cx -
Cy Cx as ]
.
CHANGE )
JOIN THE DARKSIDE
CONTINUING FROM EXAMPLE 1 ;
4 ← 4m→ z
16kW ↳ z
pp
f 3) INTERNAL MEMBER force
f-in
÷÷;)
→ i
Agfa ]
!
-
can . .
-
as oxo .
3mi 06 @
I
H f 12kW Des
q2
16kW → →5 ⑤ → i
p
12kW Dex
Dey 2
Dory 4
T
Tax
>z
⑧ IT
-
Off
I? I ④
Di m pl e 1
→ is
7Nx
1.9%1 ¥1.9:D
°
"l÷÷Y l÷÷:L
B
""
¥ " " ""
" """ "" '
:
-
252 2
= -
20 kN lol #
: 252
=
16kW ( T ) # JOIN THE DARKSIDE
4 2 SOLUTION !
1%43%3 IT ⑥ → ,
• THE TRUSS IS HAVING SUPPORT SETTLEMENT .
)
t
-
① HENGE [ Dk ] -1-0
4 Z
¥4,8 Is 9%1
,
q6@rt2kN.ca
.
3M >
③ ] ,[ a . ] ,[ k ] ,[ Du ]
.
-1¥> →5
ARE NOT CHANGING 12kW
µf_y
46
.
4M
AFTER YEARS IN SERVICE support ③
③# →5
B) b-
.
ID = 175mm
I 2 3 4 5 6
RECALCULATE THE UNKNOWN D. O F
If
O
.
0.096
.
0.128
43780.096 I -0.25 O I
- -
LET AE =
b- ooo kN .
conscious , to :
O l o O 4
o o o
-
0.128 -
0.096 ) O O 0.128 0.096 5
=
-0.1756
-
a. one
.am#ooo.oaaaotz
0072¥ )
-
[QK ] -
[ kn ][ Du ]t[ Kia ][ Dk ]
°
( 121=10.096 0.0721472ft (
AT AE g. 3780.096 " -0.25 0.128 0.096
O
- -
p D ,
Do = -
0.175M O O -
0.096 -
?pg
j ( ¥2 ) [ ]M (-22%4)
D. 0128 12.8
BSTITUTIWGAE - 5000kW -_ -
-
Mnt #
g. my
.
GIVEN . ( EXAMPLE 22 .
SUMMARY
•
THE UNKNOWN FOR STIFFNESS METHOD IS DISPLACEMENT .
•
GENERAL ELEMENT STIFFNESS MATRIX FOR TRUSS .
Nx Ny Fx Fy
:÷÷÷÷÷:p
"" "
" Nx
i
SYMMETRY Fx
Fy
-
[ KID ] ¥t¥ ,
TRUSS
ZDOF
BEAM
zpof
FRAME
3 POF
COMPOSITES
DOF DEPENDS
STRUCTURE
ON
Jg
TRANSLATION Y TRANSLATION x. y TRANSLATION COMBINATION OF a
SHEAR ( Y )
•
My . .
µ7
l 3 6 .
tf
€5
'
E t
④ 8 C- 2
€4 MEMBER /ELEMENT AND NOBEL JOINT IDENTIFICATION .
I ② ②
I ELEMENT FREE FROM LOAD
W ②
• .
1111111 .
HAVE A PRISMATIC CROSS SECTION
①
.
D . O - F ③ o
NODE 1 JOINT OF EACH ELEMENT ARE
u NLONSTRAINT
: b- ( BLUE ) LOCATED AT A SUPPORT ( FIXED JOINT )
OR AT A POINT ( ARTIFICIAL JOINT) WHERE
CONSTRAINT : 3. ( REDL
- EXTERNAL LOAD APPLIED
ARTIFICIAL JOINT - Cross SECTIONAL AREA SUDDENLY CHANGE
-
VERTICAL OR ROTATIONAL DISPLACEMENT
FIXED JOINT
AT A POINT TO BE DETERMINED .
Ny Nz Fy ④ ⑤
-
Fz
W
÷÷H
KEI 6¥ 13¥ GET
(
Ny Nz Ez
④
-
④ ②
Nz
"
s.
. :*:*::*:: ::÷i: ;
Fz
-
12¥ .GE#.4EI.2Etg
,
_f-fot
Hats :L:*:X
[Q ] -
-
[ K ][ D ] •
.
PARTITIONING
[ Dk ] = KNOWN DISPLACEMENT
[ Kii KK Kai
, , ,
Kzz ] = PARTITION OF
[Q] = [ KI [ DI t [ Qo ]
WL WL
i WCKNIM )
z E E
T p s
p p
⇐ Z
i i i i i
€4 USING FEM
( FIXED END MOMENT
G .
( Qk ] =
( K ]CDu*]t[ kiz ][ Dk ]
"
iii. in
:&
iii. ""
. U
-
K - .
1346¥ .tt#.eg
4M 1111111 4M ""
① 0.187551 0.37581 El D. BEI
② ,
, ,
3=611078750-4759%37,3%731
5 I
=CkKDItlaoI "
?
'
I:÷t.tl:1/Y...t+f::ls.m ,
am. -
an.
I
.
ELEMENT 2 ( L=4m )
=/ 011 =/ )
(Qk ] [ Du ] Di
O 2 5 I 6 2
Dz ""
:p
5
I
El 0.1875 0.375 -0.1875 0.375
y :p
"" '
easy %::÷:i :
'
.
0 5
Qs Gym .
Qa 0 6 I 2
I :/
El 2 0.5 0.375 0.5 O -
2375 I
1 O O 0.375 -
0.375 2
"""
Y .%
"
.
. :
am .
0.375 -
0.1875 5
0.1875 6
[a ] GLOBAL
' LOCAL
45 20kWh
46
-
-
K¥1.4:/
vtttt.lv
"" 26.67 I [Qo ] = 26.67 I
:
-26.67 2 0 4
I do s
WI WI 40 6
2. 2
JOIN THE DARKSIDE
GD G- Dz
t.at.li:*:X
, 20kWh
:
y
¥":¥÷
i
1111111 11/11/11
① ② ③
3
60
I 2 4 5
:/ :/ :/! :/
)
l://.me
2 0.5 0.375 0.5 O -
2375 I Di 26.67
°
I O O 0.375 -
0.375 2 Dy -
26.67
is :* .
Qs
.
0.375 -0.1875 5 0 40
Qa 0.1875 6 O 40
I
Caa ) ( 2×221211171-(2×4) (4×12+12×1)
[ Quit ] - [ ka ]lDu]t[ Ku ][ Dk ]t[as]
[ Qk ]=[ Kii ][Du*]t[ K ,z][ Dk ]+[a.)
2 UNKNOWN REACTION f FORCES
1 UNKNOWN DISP
8.6kW #
23=0.3751-22.862
.
= -
kN #
STIFFNESS METHOD - FRAME
[Q ] = [ K ][ D ]
RECAP :
2 20kW I
Fy MEMBER (ELEMENT AND NOBEL JOINT IDENTIFICATION
q
.
¥
.
t.ms#:n::::::m::i:::
.
Fz
3 LOAD CASES :
E
"
⑧ ⇐ Nx
M¥77
① Nz
JOIN THE DARKSIDE
• COMBINING TOGETHER WITH DISPLACEMENT TRAN FORMATION MATRIX AND
AE 1261
GEZI loft ZEIL
-
7- ATTRIBUTES OF MATRIX ; Cx Cy
q
i , ,
q
,
, ,
Nx Ny Nz Fx Fy Fz
Nx
Ny
Nz
Fx
Fy
Fz
_f-fot
Hats :L:*:X
[Q ] =
[ K ][ D ] •
.
PARTITIONING
[ Dk ] = KNOWN DISPLACEMENT
ADDITIONAL LOAD IN STIFFNESS EQUATION
[ Kii Kiz Kei
, , ,
Kzz ] = PARTITION OF
[Q ] -
-
[ K ][ D) 1- [ Qo ]
WI WL
i WCKNIM )
z z T
T p s
p p
⇐ Z
i i i i i
€4 USING FEM
( FIXED END MOMENT
G . -
D
ACTUAL LOADING WI FIXED END ELEMENT WLZ
TO OBTAINED LOAD AT JOINT 12 LOADING OF JOINT Tz
l : :L :
""
..
¥÷ .
GLOBAL
JOIN THE DARKSIDE
1) UNKNOWN DISPLACEMENT , IDK )
I
.
[ Qk ] =
[ Kii ][Du* ] + [ Kiz ][ Dk ]
Output FOR STIFFNESS METHOD ( FRAME ) → 2) UNKNOWN FORCES k) , .
[ Quit ] [ Ka ] [ Du ] t [ Kzz ][ Dk ]
↳ =
[q ] =
t [ go ]
SUMMARY
•
THE UNKNOWN FOR STIFFNESS METHOD IS DISPLACEMENT ( UN CONSTRAINT D. D.
.
F )
•
BEAM HAVING TOTAL OF 2 D. 0 .
F (TRANSLATION IN Y AND ROTATION IN Z ) AND
FRAME HAVING TOTAL OF 3 D. 0 .
F (TRANSLATION IN X. TRANSLATION IN Y AND ROTATION IN Z ) .
•
GENERAL ELEMENT STIFFNESS MATRIX FOR BEAM IS 4X4 MATRIX ( 1254,6¥
L L
LEI
L
,
,
2ft )
AND FOR FRAME IS 6×6 MATRIX
@ x. Cy ,
E 1231,6¥ It 24 )
, . ,
UNKNOWN FORCES / REACTION [ Qu ] AND INTERNAL MEMBER FORCES [of ] (FOR AXIAL IN FRAME )
[Q ] = [ K ][ D ]
COMPOSITES STRUCTURE
DOF DEPENDS ON
COMBINATION OF
BEAM 1 FRAME &
Truss ISTRUTIRODI CABLE
1 SPRING .
J
BEAM L
Truss ISTRUTICABLEIROD
ZDOF
•
Y TRANSLATION 2170 F
-
Z ROTATION .
X,
y
TRANSLATION
FRAME
SPRING( BAR
3 POF
1 DOF
X, TRANSLATION
y
TRANSLATION
°
•
X OR y
•
Z ROTATION
Is :÷÷÷÷÷:L
Fz ""
⇐
:c
Ny x Nx
I "÷÷÷÷÷÷l
fy
3¥ 6¥ 12¥ GET
'
w,
[k]=
-
. .
¥ :
FY
Sym .
Fy
Fz
µfy
FRAME ④
> Fx
Ny
•
Nx Ny Nz Fx Fy FZ
A /
Nx
①
•
> Nx
Ny ④
Nz
Fx SPRING( BAR
Fy .
Nx Fx
Fz
[ KI
AIL!
Nx
f)
= -
, Fx
Ny Fb
⑧ Nt
Fx⑤
[ ,
C ,
⑧
>
Nx ⑤
> Fx
1
Nz z
Fz l
Z
l
sina.i.im#ni:...E:t.i::t::.ll
[Q ] =
[ K ][ D ] •
.
PARTITIONING
[ Dk ] = KNOWN DISPLACEMENT
ADDITIONAL LOAD IN STIFFNESS EQUATION
[ Kii Kiz Kei
, , ,
Kzz ] = PARTITION OF
[Q ] -
-
[ K ][ D) 1- [ Qo ]
WL WL
i WCKNIM )
z E E
T p s
p p
⇐ Z
i i i i i
€4 USING FEM
( FIXED END MOMENT
G . -
D
ACTUAL LOADING WI FIXED END ELEMENT WLZ
TO OBTAINED LOAD AT JOINT 12 LOADING OF JOINT Tz
l : :L :
""
..
¥÷ .
GLOBAL
JOIN THE DARKSIDE
1) UNKNOWN DISPLACEMENT , IDK )
I
.
EXERCISE
20kW SOLUTION :
c
5 I 20kW 3
A B 15kWh n
n
I
4 I 6 F
02
F
f
④i%m
% -
.
3M 5 I r 2 C
E A p
11114
4 84 But
3
D E
y 11114
AN
1111111
N
D £
11/1/11
Am 4M
KNMZ 4M 4M
Et BEAM
= 12000
EAST Rut 2000 kN B
=/ 11%7=1%14%7--1016
Di
=
D
Mk ] 4)
( }
y l
Ag
kspmnb = 200kW 'm -
o
° 3 0 7
Qp Dz
[A ]=[ K ][ D ] t [ Qo ] 19 4
8
.
174 -
O -
5 6 I 2 -
I 2 3 4 ,
- ,
[ KNEW ]
,
= 22504500 -
22504500 5 [ KAGAN ]z= 22504500 -
22504506 I
LBEAnt-4MKEtq.co#.4qEi24Il
-
( BEAM ⇐ 4M
2250-45001 2250-4%03
Sym . Sym .
120002 120004
-
-
-
-
-
l l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3=1200-200)
[ Kspriwb ]
-
[ K ]=
-
4700 O
-
2250 4900-2250-4500 O O l
-
Zoo 200 24008 -
2916.67 -4500 O O O -
666.67 3
7- 8 -
3
-
-
O O O
[ KSTRNT] = O O O O F 12000 O 4
4
Cx =D 666.670-666.678 Gym .
22504500 O O
g
Cy =
I O O -
12000 O O 6
( strut -
3M 666.67 3
- -
O O 7
666.67
JOIN THE DARKSIDE
- -
g
20kW - -
µ]
%:L :
[go] lo i
[Do ] § t
¥
. is .
.
is 102
AM
0 :: :
'
se :# ¥&
:*:L .li:*:X:¥l÷:L
8 . . 0 5
4ns
m m
. . s
[A ] - CK ][ D ] t [ Qo ] - O -
8
I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 -
- . . . .
. -
O 4700 O D 10
-
2250 4500-2250-4500 O O l ,
15 =
O O O 174 10
ftp.oo O 4 f
-
Qs 22504500 O O E O D
Qb O
12000 O O G O
Q7 O O 7 O O
Qs 666.67 O O
g
- -
- -
- - -
-
.lt.tl.÷l÷÷÷::¥÷÷
D, -1.15
it
I UNKNOWN 17.0 F .
O 4700 O -
22504500 D ,
QE = -
22501-1.15×10
-
2) 1- (450021-3.62×10-3) = 9.59 kN #
Qb = -
45001 -
1.15×10-71-16000 ) ( 3.62×10-3 ) -
=
30kW m #
Qt = -
666.67/-1.24×10-22 = 8.27 kN ft
Qs = O KN
20kW
°
A B 15kW m
[
,
30kWh /
a
3M
"
E
n
9.59kW
O ID -
2.3kW
8.27kW