CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering

Assignment on

Course no: EEE 495

Course tittle: Digital Signal Processing

Submitted by

Moshammed Nishat Tasnim

ID No.: 1602123
Section: B

1. Develop direct form I, Cascade and Parallel realization of the following filter.
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5 3
6 z +8 z −4
H(z) = 5 4 3
2 z +6 z +10 z + 8 z

Direct Form-I:
6 z5 +8 z 3−4
H(z) = 5
2 z +6 z 4 +10 z 3+ 8 z
5 −2 −5
2 z (3+ 4 z −2 z )
Or, H(z) = 5 −1 −2 −4
2 z (1+3 z +5 z + 4 z )

3+ 4 z−2−2 z−5
Or, H(z) = −1 −2 −4
1+ 3 z +5 z +4 z

Here, H 2 (z) = 3+ 4 z−2−2 z−5

And, H 1 (z) = 1+3 z−1+ 5 z −2+ 4 z−4

Cascade Form:
6 z5 +8 z 3−4
H(z) =
2 z 5 +6 z 4 +10 z 3+ 8 z
2(3 z 5+ 4 z 3−2)
Or, H(z) =
2 z (z 4 +3 z 3 +5 z 2+2)

(3 z 5 + 4 z 3−2)
Or, H(z) =
z(z 2 −0.41688 z +0.6986)( z 2 +3.41688 z+5.7258)

z 5 (3+4 z−2−2 z −5)

Or, H(z) = 2 2
z z z (1−0.41688 z−1 +0.6986 z−2 )(1+ 3.41688 z −1 +5.7258 z−2)
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−2 −5
(3+4 z −2 z )
Or, H(z) =
(1−0.41688 z +0.6986 z−2 )(1+3.41688 z −1 +5.7258 z−2 )
−1

Or, H(z) = H 1 ( z ) H 2 ( z)

Parallel Form:
6 z5 +8 z 3−4
H(z) = 5 4 3
2 z +6 z +10 z + 8 z
5 3
2(3 z + 4 z −2)
Or, H(z) = 4 3 2
2 z (z +3 z +5 z +2)

5 3
(3 z +4 z −2)
Or, H(z) =
z( z 4 +3 z3 +5 z 2+ 2)

(3 z 5 + 4 z 3−2)
Or, H(z) =
z(z 2 −0.41688 z +0.6986)( z 2 +3.41688 z+5.7258)

From Partial Fraction,

5 3
H ( z) (3 z + 4 z −2) A B Cz+ D
= 2 2 ≡ + 2+ 2 +
z z (z −0.41688 z +0.6986)( z 2 +3.41688 z +5.7258) z z (z −0.41688 z +0.6986)

Ez + F
2
( z +3.41688 z +5.7258)

H (z) Az +B Cz+ D Ez + F
≡ 2
+ 2 + 2 (1)
z z ( z −0.41688 z +0.6986) ( z +3.41688 z +5.7258)

Or, ( 3 z 5 +4 z 3−2 )=( Az+ B ) ( z 2−0.41688 z+ 0.6986 ) ( z 2+ 3.41688 z +5.7258 )

+ ( Cz+ D ) z 2 ( z 2 +3.41688 z+ 5.7258 ) +( Ez + F) z2 (z 2−0.41688 z +0.6986) (2)

Putting z = 0 in equation (2),

−2=B(0.6986)( 5.7258)
Or, B=−0.5

Putting the value of B in equation (2),

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3 z 5+ 4 z 3−2=( Az−0.5) ( z 2 −0.41688 z +0.6986 )( z2 +3.41688 z+ 5.7258 )

+ ( Cz+ D ) z 2 ( z 2 +3.41688 z+ 5.7258 ) +( Ez + F) z2 (z 2−0.41688 z +0.6986)

Or, 3 z 5+ 4 z 3−2=( A z 3−0.41688 A z2 +0.6986 Az−0.5 z 2+ 0.20844 z−0.3493 ) ( z 2+ 3.41688 z +5.7258 ) +

( C z 3 + D z 2) ( z 2 +3.41688 z+5.7258 )+(E z 3 + F z 2)(z 2−0.41688 z +0.6986)

Or, 3 z 5+ 4 z 3−2=( A z 3−0.62532 A z 2 +0.90704 Az−0.3493 ) ( z 2+ 3.41688 z +5.7258 ) +

( C z 3 + D z 2) ( z 2 +3.41688 z+5.7258 )+(E z 3 + F z 2)(z 2−0.41688 z +0.6986)

Or,
3 z + 4 z −2=( A z + 2.7916 A z + 4.4962 A z −0.8306 A z +4 Az−2 ) + {C z + ( 3.41688C + D ) z + ( 5.7258C +3.41688 D ) z +
5 3 5 4 3 2 5 4 3

(3)

Taking the coefficient of z 1 from equation (3),

0=4 A
Or, A = 0

D = -0.1
C = 0.5
E = 2.5
F = 0.82

From equation (1),

H ( z) −0.5 0.5 z−0.1 2.5 z+ 0.82
≡ 2
+ 2 + 2
z z (z −0.41688 z+ 0.6986) ( z +3.41688 z +5.7258)

−0.5 z (0.5 z−0.1) z(2.5 z +0.82)

Or, H ( z ) ¿ + 2 +
z (z −0.41688 z+ 0.6986) 2
( z +3.41688 z +5.7258)

−1(0.5−0.1 z−1) (2.5+ 0.82 z−1 )

Or, H ( z ) ¿ −0.5 z + −1 −2 + −1 −2
(1−0.41688 z +0.6986 z ) (1+3.41688 z + 5.7258 z )

Or, H(z) = H 1 ( z ) + H 2 ( z )+ H 3 ( z )
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2. Design possible parallel realizations of IIR filter with transfer function given by
z (0.3 z−0.5)(2 z+3.1)
H(z) =
( z 2 +2.1 z −3)( z +0.67)

z (0.3 z−0.5)(2 z+3.1)

H(z) =
( z 2 +2.1 z −3)( z +0.67)

From Partial Fraction,

H ( z) z(0.3 z −0.5)(2 z +3.1) (0.3 z−0.5)(2 z+3.1) Az+ B C

= 2
= 2 ≡ 2 + ( z +0.67)
z z( z +2.1 z−3)( z+ 0.67) ( z +2.1 z−3)(z +0.67) ( z +2.1 z −3)

Or, (0.3 z−0.5)(2 z+ 3.1) = ( Az+ B)( z+ 0.67) + C ¿

For z = -0.67
From equation (2),
{ 0.3 (−.67 )−0.5 } {2(−0.67)+ 3.1} = ( Az+ B)(−0.67+ 0.67) + C { (−0.67 )2 +2.1(−0.67)−3 }
Or, C = 0.3117

To determine A and B,
Putting value of C in equation (2),
(0.3 z−0.5)(2 z+ 3.1) = ( Az+ B)( z+ 0.67) + (0.3117)(z 2 +2.1 z −3)
Or, 0.6 z 2−0.07 z−1.55 = A z 2+ 0.67 Az +Bz +0.67 B+0.3117 z 2+ 0.6546 z−0.9351
Taking the coefficient of z 2 from equation (3),
0.6 z 2 = A z 2+ 0.3117 z2
Or, A z 2=0.2883 z 2
Or, A = 0.2883

Taking the coefficient of z 0 from equation (3),

-1.55 = 0.67 B−0.9351
B = -0.9178

From (1),
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H (z) 0.2883 z −0.9178 + 0.3117

= 2
( z +0.67)
z (z + 2 z−3)
z(0.2883 z −0.9178) + 0.3117 z
Or, H(z) = 2
( z +0.67)
(z +2 z −3)
2 −1
z ( 0.2883−0.9178 z ) + 0.3117 z
Or, H(z) = 2 −1
z (1+2 z −3 z )
−2
z(1+ 0.67 z−1)
−1
(0.2883−0.9178 z ) + 0.3117
Or, H(z) = −1 −2 −1
(1+2 z −3 z ) (1+0.67 z )
Or, H(z) = H 1 ( z ) + H 2 (z )