1026 CHAPTER 15

15.4 Exercises

1– 4 A region is shown. Decide whether to use polar coordinates 14. xx , where is the region in the first quadrant that lies
or rectangular coordinates and write xx , as an iterated between the circles 2 2
4 and 2 2
2
integral, where is an arbitrary continuous function on .
1. y 2. y
4 15–18 Use a double integral to find the area of the region.
1 y=1-≈
15. One loop of the rose cos 3
16. The region enclosed by both of the cardioids 1 cos
0 4 x and 1 cos
_1 0 1 x
2 2
17. The region inside the circle 1 1 and outside the
2 2
circle 1
18. The region inside the cardioid 1 cos and outside the
3. y 4. y circle 3 cos
6
1
3 19–27 Use polar coordinates to find the volume of the given solid.
19. Under the cone z s 2 2 and above the disk 2 2
4
0 x
_1 0 1 x 20. Below the paraboloid z 18 2 2
2 2
and above the
-plane
2 2
21. Enclosed by the hyperboloid z2 1 and the
plane z 2
2 2
22. Inside the sphere z2 16 and outside the
5 –6 Sketch the region whose area is given by the integral and eval- cylinder 2 2
4
uate the integral.
23. A sphere of radius
y y y y
3 4 2 2 sin
5. 6. 2 2
4 1 2 0 24. Bounded by the paraboloid z 1 2 2 and the
plane z 7 in the first octant
25. Above the cone z s 2 2 and below the sphere
7–14 Evaluate the given integral by changing to polar coordinates. 2 2 2
z 1
7. xx 2
, where is the top half of the disk with center the 2 2
26. Bounded by the paraboloids z 3 3 and
origin and radius 5 2 2
z 4
8. xx 2 , where is the region in the first quadrant 27. Inside both the cylinder 2 2
4 and the ellipsoid
enclosed by the circle 2 2
4 and the lines 0 and 4 2
4 2
z2 64

9. xx sin 2 2
, where is the region in the first quadrant 28. (a) A cylindrical drill with radius 1 is used to bore a hole
between the circles with center the origin and radii 1 and 3 through the center of a sphere of radius 2 . Find the volume
2
of the ring-shaped solid that remains.
10. xx 2 2 , where is the region that lies between the (b) Express the volume in part (a) in terms of the height of
the ring. Notice that the volume depends only on , not
2 2 2 2 2 2
circles and with 0 on 1 or 2 .

11. xx 2 2
, where is the region bounded by the 29–32 Evaluate the iterated integral by converting to polar
semicircle s4 2and the -axis coordinates.

xx y y yy
3 s9 2 0
12. cos s 2 2 , where is the disk with center the 29. sin 2 2
30. 2
3 0 0 s 2 2

origin and radius 2

yy yy
1 s2 2
2 s2 2

13. xxarctan , 31.

0
32.
0 0
s 2 2

2 2
where , 1 4, 0

1. Homework Hints available at stewartcalculus.com

 APPLICATI ONS OF DOU BLE INTEGRA LS 1027

33–34 Express the double integral in terms of a single integral with 40. (a) We define the improper integral (over the entire plane 2

respect to . Then use your calculator to evaluate the integral cor-

rect to four decimal places. yy y y
2 2 2 2

33. xx 2 2 2
, where is the disk with center the origin and
2

yy
2 2
radius 1 lim
l

34. xx s1 2 2 , where is the portion of the disk

2 2
1 that lies in the first quadrant where is the disk with radius and center the origin.
Show that

y y
2 2

35. A swimming pool is circular with a 40-ft diameter. The depth is

constant along east-west lines and increases linearly from 2 ft
(b) An equivalent definition of the improper integral in part (a)
at the south end to 7 ft at the north end. Find the volume of
is
water in the pool.
yy yy
2 2 2 2
lim
36. An agricultural sprinkler distributes water in a circular pattern 2
l

of radius 100 ft. It supplies water to a depth of feet per hour

at a distance of feet from the sprinkler. where is the square with vertices , . Use this to
(a) If 0 100, what is the total amount of water supplied show that
per hour to the region inside the circle of radius centered
y y
2 2

at the sprinkler?
(b) Determine an expression for the average amount of water
per hour per square foot supplied to the region inside the (c) Deduce that
circle of radius .
y s
2

37. Find the average value of the function , 1s 2 2

on the annular region 2 2 2 2

, where 0 . (d) By making the change of variable s2 , show that

38. Let be the disk with center the origin and radius . What is y s2
2
2

the average distance from points in to the origin?

39. Use polar coordinates to combine the sum (This is a fundamental result for probability and statistics.)
41. Use the result of Exercise 40 part (c) to evaluate the following
y y y y y y
1 s2 2 s4 2

1 s2 s1 2 1 0 s2 0 integrals.

y y s
2
2
into one double integral. Then evaluate the double integral. (a) (b)
0 0

15.5 Applications of Double Integrals

We have already seen one application of double integrals: computing volumes. Another
geometric application is finding areas of surfaces and this will be done in the next section.
In this section we explore physical applications such as computing mass, electric charge,
center of mass, and moment of inertia. We will see that these physical ideas are also impor-
tant when applied to probability density functions of two random variables.

Density and Mass

In Section 8.3 we were able to use single integrals to compute moments and the center of
mass of a thin plate or lamina with constant density. But now, equipped with the double
integral, we can consider a lamina with variable density. Suppose the lamina occupies a
region of the -plane and its (in units of mass per unit area) at a point , in
is given by , , where is a continuous function on . This means that

, lim