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FACULTY OF MEDICINE, BIOSCIENCE & NURSING

SCHOOL OF BIOSCIENCE

PRACTICAL REPORT (1)

MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY & ENTOMOLOGY (BMC 213)

Name: AISSATA DIAWARA

Student ID: BBSH 22106335

Course: Bachelor In Biomedical Science

Practical Title: Collection & Transportation of Fresh Faecal Specimens

Module Leader: Dr. Rafidah

Declaration: I ID No: bbsh22106335 confirm that I have read and understood the University regulations concerning
plagiarism and that the work contained within this Practical Report (1) is my work inside the meaning of the
regulations.
sign:Diawara.
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INTRODUCTION

The faeces should be obtained as soon as possible, As this when the micro-organisms are most
active,It is good before the start of antibiotic treatement.The sample can be colleected early like
morning so that it can arrive at laboratory before middle day afternoon and be analyzed this day
(same day).Stool that has solidified should rejected.Fresh fecal sample is good to a rectal sample ,
Even thoughthe rectal swab is appropriate if the sample can not be taken directely or if the
transport of the stool to the lab is extenced.And we need to know panthogens can live up to a
week at room temperature,But more recommendation is refrigeration.

OBJECTIVE

The primary objective for analyzing faeces is to see if a kind of disease or parasite is affecting the
intestines. Many microscopic organisms that live in the intestinal region are required for proper
metabolism. But, if the intestines get contaminated with pathogenic bacteria or parasites, it can
produce complications such as bloody diarrhoea, and testing stool can help determine the
reason.

MATERIALS

Figure 2
Figure 1

Specimen collector; red lids indicates

that it is used to collect only stool

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METHOD
1. Request the patient to pass the faeces sample into a waxed cardboard or plastic cup with a
tight-fitting lid. Sample collection in a matchbox or on plant leaves is not an acceptable
option.
2. For a normal test, 20-40 grams of well-formed faeces or 5-6 table spoonful of watery stool
would be adequate.
3. Take a small sample of stool and add a drop of sodium chloride (NaCl).
4. Mix the solution properly and make sure there are no lumps and then cover it with a
coverslip.
5. Ingestion of medications before collecting a stool sample may affect with parasite
identification. Tetracycline, sulfonamides, antiprotozoal medicines, laxatives, antacids,
castor oil, magnesium hydroxide, barium sulphate, bismuth kaolin compounds, and
hypertonic salts are examples of such medications. These should not be taken 1-2 weeks
before the stool sample testing.
6. All collections must be appropriately labelled with the patient's name, age, gender, and
collection date and time.
7. Observe the stool mixed with NaCl solution under the microscope of either 4x or 10x.

RESULTS
From the findings that was observed during the experiment were mostly contaminations, bacteria
and other debris. Below are some observations in the form of images:

figure 3 Bacteria

debris

Picture on top shows a type of bacteria found in the sample stool

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lumps

buble bacteria

Debris

Figure 4

DISCUSSION

1. If looking for trophozoites, stool specimen must be transported very rapidly to the
laboratory to avoid disintegration of trophozoites. Stool samples should be examined
within 30 minutes of collection of the specimen and not receipt of the specimen in the
laboratory. Stool specimens should never be frozen and thawed or placed in an incubator
because parasitic forms deteriorate very rapidly.2.For permanent fixation of the stool
specimen, 10% formol-saline (prepared by adding 100
ml formaldehyde to 900 ml of 0.85% sodium chloride) is a well-known preservative.
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a widely used preservative because the performance of
concentration procedures and preparation of permanent stained smears are both possible
with this.
Based on results:
After a long observation under the microscope with x10 by observing the used stool
mixed with sodium chloride.I had to observe bacteria on the above images.The bacteria
appeared as a long structure with more intensity of color than the rest of the stool
sample.On the above picture, you can see the rest of the sample being clearer which is
the stool deposits ,bulb and some debris .You can also see that there is already a
bacterial infection based on the irregularly shaped structures that I saw on the lab
images. I did not see any presence of egg morphology and usually this also depends on
the type of infection.on the other hand the appearance of crystalline shape can mean that
there is a bacterial infection.
In the process of collecting the stool sample, you are not allowed to ingest anything, either
in solid or liquid form, because this is usually how bacteria enter the subject's body and
3 | P a g ecause an infection. Immediately after completing the experiment, you should be
sure to remove your gloves and any other lab clothing you were wearing and wash your
hands with detergents before leaving the lab.
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And After observing the stool l had stained with sodium chloride,l can conclude that the
individual had a bacterial infection.From the picture l tool. l have labeled the bacteria which is
appearing as an a long structure like most of the sample is stool from the individual that l
collected.I was not able to observe the presence of eggs and puss from the sample.
The most important thing to note when you are carrying out this experiment is that you should
not eat or drink during stool collection as thus many causeinfection.

CONCLUSION
Additionally, the experiment will benefit from the integrity of your faeces samples being ensured
by adhering to these collection, transit, and storage procedures, which will ultimately result in
trustworthy results. It will be simpler to make or prescribe treatments for the patient to stop any
sickness or ailment brought on by these microorganisms by using the approach of this
investigation.

QUESTION:
1. What is the importance of specific faecal specimen collector for parasitological analysis?
Answer: To observe the morphology and to find the pathogenesis of the parasite that is
located at
the intestinal tract.
2. Why is it important to observe the faecal specimen as soon as the sample is reached to the lab?
Answer: To avoid any false results during the experiment as the parasites in it does not live
for too long and only live for maximum of 30 minutes.

REFERENCES

• Aryal, S. (2020). Collection and transport of stool specimens. [online] Microbe Notes.
Available at: https://microbenotes.com/collection-and-transport-of-stool-specimens/.
• kidshealth.org. (n.d.). Stool Tests (for Parents) - Nemours KidsHealth. [online] Available
at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest8.html.

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