Name : Verlandi putra

Class : TBI-D

The meaning of conjunction

Conjunction is a word used to connect equivalent language units (word by word, phrase by phrase,
clause by clause, sentence by sentence, and so on).

Example

You and I are on the same boat.

And connects the word (you) with the word (I) or the subject with the subject.

Is that your father or your uncle?

Or connects phrases (your father) and phrases (your uncle) or subjective complement and subjective
complement.

We went home after the rain stopped.

After connecting clause (we went home) and clause (the rain stopped) or main clause and sub
clause.

He is smart but he is arrogant.

But connects the sentence (he is smart) and the sentence (he is arrogant).

Types and Examples of Conjunctions

Here are the types and examples of conjunctions in English.

A. Compound Conjunctions

Compound conjunctions are conjunctions that connect things that are equivalent, for example
subject to subject, verb to verb, object to object, adverb to adverb, adjective to adjective, etc.

Compound conjunctions are divided into 2, including:

1. Coordinate Conjuction :

For : She was absent yesterday, for she was sick.

And : Mr. Wilson invited me and him.

Nor : He can not see nor hear.

But : The shoes are old but comfortable.

Or : Is Sam sleeping or going somewhere?

Yet : She didn’t study, yet she passed the exam.

So : He was tired, so he went to bed.

Notes:
 a) FANBOYS is always in the middle of a sentence or between two sentences. It is not
permissible to put them at the beginning of a sentence. Example:

CORRECT : The child hid behind his mother’s skirt, for he was afraid of the dog.

INCORRECT : For he was afraid of the dog, the child hid behind his mother’s skirt.

However, other conjunctions can be used to replace them at the beginning of a sentence. Example:

Because he was afraid of the dog, the child hid behind his mother’s skirt.

b) The conjunctions for, yet, and so always connect sentences and a comma always precedes them.

c) And, when connecting two sentences, have the following punctuation marks:

It was raining hard, and there was a strong wind.

Generally, conjunctions begin with a comma when connecting two sentences.

It was raining hard and there was a strong wind.

If the sentences connected are short sentences, the commas can be omitted.

It was raining hard. And there was a strong wind.

In informal writing, you can start a new sentence.

1. Correlative Conjunction

Correlative conjunctions consist of paired conjunctions.

Both… and...

Subject

Plural verbs (are, were, have, do, take, etc)

Not only… but also…

Either… or…

Neither… nor…

Subject

Plural/ singular verb (is, was, has, does, takes, etc)

The plural and singular are determined from the back subject.

Example :

Both the driver and the passager were injured in the accident.
Not only she but also I am studying chemistry.

Not only I but also she is studying chemistry.

Either Mr. Anderson or Ms. Wiggins is going to teach our class today.

Neither my sister nor my parents have been here.

Neither my parents nor my sister has been here.

A. Complex Conjunctions

A complex conjunction is a conjunction that connects the main clause (main clause) and the
subordinate clause (sub clause). The meeting of these two types of clauses will form a sentence. The
members of complex conjunctions include conjunctions other than compound conjunctions, such as:
when, while, which, what, when, where, that, after, before, till, until, because, although, if, etc.
Pattern:

Main Cl: S + V + (O) + (A)

Sub Cl: Conj + S + V + (O) + (A)

Sentence: Main Cl + Sub Cl or Sub Cl + Main Cl

Example:

He was talking on the phone when I arrived.

We stayed there until we finished our work.

After she graduates, she will get a job.

I had left before he came.

He went to bed because he was sleepy.

Conjunction Function
Broadly speaking, the conjunction function in English is as follows:

Addition (cumulative)

She is both a teacher and a writer.

Options (alternatives)

You can take either the white candy or the red one.

Opposition (adversative)

Mrs Nia is humble, but her sister isn’t.

Conclusion
I am ready, so let’s go now.

Additional information (apposition)

They loved each other until they passed away together.

Cause and effect relationship

He didn’t attend the lecture because he had to take her mother to the hospital.

Influence or effect (impact)

This soup is so hot that I cannot eat it.

Purpose and objectives (purpose)

You have to drink much in order that you keep hydrated.

Conditions

You will get it done if you focus on finishing it.

Statement of surrender (concession)

He worked all day even though he was sick.

Comparison

My house is larger than yours.

Way (manner)

He got the ticket as he came earlier.

Time (time)

You can use my PC while I am outside.