• Life enjoyment
PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
Universalism vs. Particularism
UNIVERSALISM
- Searchers for what is systematic and tries to
impose the rules, laws, and norms on all of its
members so that things can run more
effectively
- Universalistic culture people adhere general
rules, codes, values, obligations; that regardless
of circumstance, same rules apply to different
situations
DISADVANTAGES and ADVANTAGES of Universalism
Advantages
- Tries to treat all people the same
- Everyone’s vote counts
- The laws apply to everyone, including the
powerful and rich
- There is acceptance of people who are
different
- Favors the production for the masses
Disadvantages
- Creates fundamentalism
• Extreme religious groups
- Deal with emotion as if it were numerical
- Measures everything as if it were linear
- Leads to illogical quantifications
• Measurement of beauty
- Creates jurisprudence, more lawyers
PARTICULARISM
- Particularism searches for what is different,
unique, or exceptional in order to create
something that is incomparable or of special
quality.
- Particularistic culture values relationships and
that these relationships can be basis of bending
rules and regulation of a business organization.
INDIVIDUALISM
- Individualistic culture is a culture in which the
goals of the individual take precedence over
the goals of the group
- Members are responsible for themselves and,
perhaps, their immediate families
- Individualistic culture puts emphasis on the
individual’s wants, happiness, fulfilment,
initiative and welfare above those of the
community’s.
ADVANTAGES of Individualism
• Personal freedom
• Personal Achievements
• Personal awards for certain
• Learning new things
• Influencing others
DISADVANTAGES of Individualism
• Little to no Social support networks
COLLECTIVISM
- Collectivist culture is a culture in which the goals
of the group take precedence over the goals of
the individual
- Members are responsible for the group as a
whole
- Collectivism in turn decides for the greater good
and values what works for the community
undermining personal wants desires
ADVANTAGES of Collectivism
• Selflessness and willingness to help others in
a group
• Accomplishment of collective goals
• Supporting to other members of a group
• Peacefulness in a group
• Stability of a whole group
• Love and unity in a group
DISADVANTAGE of Collectivism
• Lack of personal pursuits and goals
SPECIFIC vs DIFFUSED
Specific
- People tend to divide their personal and
professional lives. These cultures don’t see and
overlap between the two spheres. These
cultures have a schedule-oriented mindset and
communicate in a clear and to-the-point
manner. They are more concerned with the
goal than with the relationship.
- Specific culture is about a man who considers
his work a place where he functions an
individual. He can work effectively and achieve
his career goals even without maintaining real
relationships with his co-workers
Diffused
- People tend to see their personal and
professional lives as interconnected. These
cultures think that good relationships help them
attain their goals. As a result, work colleagues
in these cultures socialize more outside of work.
These cultures are more respectful and pay
greater attention to age, status, and
background.
- Diffused culture is opposite of the specific, it
encourages relationships and camaraderie
among co-workers. He thrives on the collective
 ACHIEVEMENT vs ASCRIPTION
Achievement
accomplishments. People think that you are
what you do and that this determines your
worth. Therefore, achievements are highly
valued in these societies, regardless of who
you are.
Ascription
- The ascription dimension includes people who
believe that you should be appreciated for
who you are. In ascription cultures, status is
determined by who or what a person is, as
determined by birth, kinship, gender, age,
connections, and school. Even if you disagree
with a person’s title and the status that comes
with it, you must accept their title and the status
that comes with it in such a society.
NEAUTRAL vs AFFECTIVE
Neutral
- People in neutral culture are most likely
described as controlled ang guarded. They
have been thought that way and most of the
time, they tend to find or make a way to
conceal their feelings and emotions
- Neutral culture, people make an effort to
conceal their feelings because they have been
thought that way.
Affective
- People in affective culture is often described as
people “wear their heart on their sleeves” as
they tend to be quite expressive with their
thoughts, feelings, and emotions.
- condition where minority groups inside a
Time Orientation: Sequential vs. Synchronic
Sequential
- If you think that there is a time and place for
everything to be done. Follow a strict and
particular order in doing things and a change
in this order will cause uncertainty to you.
Synchronic
- You connect the past and the future, but you
do not focus on one or the order with which
the two-take place. You deal with things as
they come, and you think of different ways of
achieving your set objectives in numerous and
possible combinations of time and order
desires of the people around him irrespective of
his own desires.
Typical Sequential-time Cultures
• Germany
• The U.K.
• The U.S.
Typical Synchronic-time Cultures
• Japan
• Argentina
• Mexico
INNER-DIRECTED ORIENTATION vs OUTER-DIRECTED
ORIENTATION
Inner-Directed Orientation
- In Inner- Directed Orientation, people thrive on
making a conscious effort of controlling the
environment they are in. They are allowed to
have a mechanistic view of nature and control
it with skill and precision.
Outer-Directed Orientation
- In Outer- Directed Orientation, people believe
in the domination of nature over mankind. They
look into the challenges of nature, to what the
outside world presents, then use them in
making decisions.
CULTURAL PLURALISM
Cultural Pluralism is characterized as the societal
general public can keep up with cultural
identities and practices furnished that they are
predictable with the laws and upsides of the
more extensive society. Pluralism is additionally
characterized as a general public where
various individuals, gatherings or elements share
political power.
The distinction in social pluralism can be seen
between homogenous social orders like Israel,
Japan and South Korea which have just a single
predominant culture and subsequently no
compelling reason to oblige different societies
and heterogenous social orders like United
States of America, India, United Kingdom, and
so forth
An example of Pluralism is a general public
where individuals with various social foundations
keep their own practice. An example of
pluralism is the place where worker’s
 PURPOSES OF MESSAGES organizations and bosses share in addressing
1. To Inform the requirements of representatives.
2. To entertain
PSYCHOGRAPHICS
3. To Persuade
Motivation Is the attendance of your
WHO CONTROLS THE TRANSMISSION OF THESE audience by choice or
were they required?
MESSAGES
Values What are the cultural
1. Media Conglomerates- Abs-cbn, Gma
influences and life
2. Government- The Laws experiences of your
3. Individuals- Message express to the public audience?
What is important to your
HOW TO CONVEY THE MESSAGE audience?
1. Have an objective Level of Argument/ Will your audience
2. Consider your audience Attitude oppose you, support you
3. Check the understanding or remain neutral?
Understanding the Audience Beliefs What does your
- Points to Ponder audience accept as
- What made them attend the event or watch correct, true and valid?
the movie? Did they come because they found
something interesting about the event or the SITUATIONAL INFORMATION
movie
Environmental Factors
DEMOGRAPHICS Nature of Event What is the event all about?
Location Where will be the event take
Ethnicity What is the group’s common place?
heritage and cultural conditions? Size of audience How many people are expected
Race What is their commonly to attend the event?
ancestry? Physical What is the physical design of the
What are their common physical arrangement venue?
characteristics? What pat of the room will the
Religion What are their religious beliefs of stage be?
your audience? Where would the technical
What are the traditions of these people be?
beliefs? Technology What technology is available at
Sex and gender Is there a majority of men in your the venue?
audience or do women form the Do you need to bring your own
majority? equipment?
Is the majority of your audience
masculine, feminine, or
androgynous? Temporal Factors
Marital Status Are most of the audience Time of Day Will the event happen in the
married, single, or separated morning, midday, or evening?
Age Are your audience children, Speaking Order How many speakers will there
teenagers, young adults, adults, be?
middle-aged? What is the order of presentation
Group Affiliation What are the common interests of the speaker?
of your audience? Length of How much time was allotted for
Do they belong to specific Speech your part?
group?
Occupational/ Does your audience belong to a
Socioeconomic particular occupational group? CRITICAL READING
Status - Active way of unveiling information and ideas
Regions From what region is your presented by text
audience?
 CRITICAL READING STARTEGIES
4. Monitor Comprehension
- Know the limit when it comes to vocabulary,
understanding the important ideas/s
presenting, connecting ideas to form a logical
connection.
5. Metacognition
- How we process thinking.
a. Identify where the difficulty occurs
b. Identify what difficulty is
c. Restate the difficult sentence in your own
words
d. Look back through the text
e. Look forward in the text for information that
might help you resolve the difficulty.
6. Graphic Organizers
- Maps, graphs, frames, and clusters
7. Answering Questions
- Explicit to implicit questions
CRITICAL VIEWING
- Entails comprehension, interpretation and
evaluation of the information presented by the
television, film and other visual media.
Before Viewing
1. Know your purpose before viewing the films,
television show or video
2. If you are viewing a film, predict sequence
of events, the point of view of the creator,
etc.
3. Connect the film or video with other media
like books, blogs etc. that describes a similar
idea
4. Concept map the video topic in a self-
selected context
5. Create self-produced guiding questions

Four types of question

a. Questions found right in the text During Viewing
b. Questions based on the recall of facts that are
directly found in the text
c. Questions where you can make use of what
After Viewing
you already know against what you have
1. Retell what happened
learned from the text
2. Summarize main idea
8. Hiygh 3. Recall own thinking and/or emotions during
video (metacognition)
9. Summarizing 4. Infer social context with respect to total views or
- Getting the main idea of the text social shares
5. Separate explicit and implicit ideas
CRITICAL LISTENING
- Logical process of scrutinizing what you listened
to. It involves analyzing, interpreting and
evaluating

a. Be attentive
b. Avoid interrupting the speaker and
imposing your ideas
c. Wait for the speaker to pause before you
can ask clarifying questions
d. Pay attention to non-verbal cues and look
beyond the spoken messages
e. Keep an open mind and be emphatic
f. Listen and try to visualize what the speaker
is saying
g. Give the speaker regular feedback

CHAPTER4: THE MISSION OF A BUSINESS LETTER
A letter is price of conversation by post. It is the most
important means of written communication. Every
organization has to maintain contacts with its
customers, suppliers and Government Departments
For such type of communication, the media used by
the organization is a letter. This letter is known as
business letter
H.A. MURPHY
“The medium used most often for written messages to
persons outside your organization is the business letter”
W.J. WESTON
“Business letter is the process of accomplishing business
transaction in written form”
THE FUNCTIONS OR PURPOSE OF A BUSINESS LETTER
1. Convey Information
- Information can be transmitted through
business letter to customers, suppliers, debtors,
government authorities, and any other parties
related with the business.
2. Conclude Transaction
- This is one of specific purposes of business letter.
To conclude in completed transactions
business letters are frequently used.
3. Creation of Demand
- Business letters especially circular letters used to
create demand for new products. Circular
letters can communicate many people in the
same time.
4. Creation of Goodwill
- In this electronic era messages can be sent
within few seconds through electronic media,
but a well decorated business letter has its own
importance in creation positive image of the
company.
5. Expansion of Business
- Through Goodwill messages and through
circular letters existing market can be
expanded.
6. Establishment of Relationship
- Another important purpose of business letter is,
it helps to establish mutual relationship with the
customers, suppliers and with the other
interested parties.
7. Evidence
- Business letters are also used to maintain
documentary evidence. Letters can be
preserved for future references.
8. To Inquire
- A business concern not only sends messages but
also receive information from the outside. To run
the business any firm, need different types of
information from outside. Through business
letters firms can inquire regarding necessary
matters.
9. Placing Order
- It is very common to purpose for using business
letter. Both trading and manufacturing
concerns need to place orders for finished
goods or raw materials to run the business.
10. Problem Solving
- In the course of business, disputes and
misunderstand may arise. Business letters play
vital role in solving such misunderstandings.
CHARACTERISTICS OR ESSENTIALS OF A GOOD BUSINESS
LETTER
Business letters are an important part of any business or
profession. They are written to different persons with
different motives. Letter writing is basically an art. The
writer can cultivate a good style thru constant and
regular practice.
1. Clarity
- A letter must have clarity. The purpose of
communication should be made clear.
Whether it is to inform, invite. Reiterate,
emphasize, remind, announce, seek
participation or clarity, and correct the earlier
messages, the purpose should clearly be stated.
Lack of clarity affects the intend purpose of the
letter.
2. Impact
- The letter should create necessary impact.
Behind every letter there is an objective, and the
letter should have a clear purpose. The purpose
of writing a letter is not just to reach out to the
customer. Every letter has an intend impact
which must be felt.
3. To create the desired impact- It is often
necessary to lay emphasis. Emphasis can be laid
in many ways. It can be done by proper
positioning or placing them in an important
position. It can be done by repetition.
 4. Relevant Information
- The letter should provide the relevant details
forming part of message. Facts, figures,
illustrations, and other such information, which
are accurate and reliable, as well as relevant
to the context of the communication, should
be incorporated in the letter
5. Brevity- Any good communication oral or
written should necessarily incorporate this
essential feature. Brevity is a very important
attribute for any business letter. For everyone
connected with business, time is of essence.
6. The time- One can allot for reading business
letter is certainly limited. The receiver does not
have unlimited time to spare towards reading
and re-reading the letter and drawing out the
messages in its entirely
7. Simplicity- Is the hallmark if any good
communication. Simplicity refers to the ease of
understanding. Simple writing is the opposite of
complex and involves writing.
8. Timeliness- business letters, to be effective,
should have proper timing. Letters should be
written and dispatched on time. Letters which
carry such messaged should reflect the
associated urgency.
9. Language- is an extremely important facet of
business communication. First and foremost, it is
necessary to ensure that the language used is
appropriate, i..e.,. The language with which the
reader is at ease. Public sector organizations
such as banks follow the three- language
formula.
10. Appeal- A good letter should appeal to the
reader’s sensibilities. It should go beyond the
message it conveys and make good a good
impression. It should have elegance, which
means taste, beauty and decency.
COMPONENTS OF A BUSINESS LETTER
The components of a letter constitute the different
parts of a letter. The following parts usually constitute
the structure of a business letter.
1. Heading
- Which is also known as ”head address” or
“letter head” contains information relating to
the name of the organization and its address.
It is the usually given at the top Centre or top
right side of the paper. Following information’s
are provided in the heading. The firm’s name,
address, trademark, telephone number, telexes
number, ethics-mail address etc.
1. Reference number
– the number which the receiver refers in all
future correspondence id called reference
number. It is usually printed below the date is
written to right margin. The purpose of
references number is to enable replies to be
linked with the previous correspondence and to
send replies to these to proper official or
department.
2. Date- the date consists of day, month, year. The
date finds its place either at the starting of left
margin or at the closing of right margin as the
style adopted. Date enabled quick references
in future and helps in prompt action and orderly
filling.
3. Inside Address- the inside address contains the
name and address of the organization or the
individual to whom the letter is written. It is
written below the reference time starting from
the left margin the inside address makes a
record on the copy which helps in identification
for filing purpose.
4. Attention line- is placed below the attention
time and above the salutation and is
underlined. It indicates the name of those of
whom the letter is meant.
5. Salutation
- Mean to greet the addressee. It is the
complementary greeting with which writer
begins his letter. It is written below the inside
address or attention line leaving some space. It
starts from the left side margin. It may or may not
end with comma depending upon the style of
the letter.
6. Subject line
- subject line tells what the correspondence is
about. It is placed just below the salutation line.
It is usually begins at the left margin and may
also begin from the subject any specific
identification material i.e. Date of previous
letter, invoice number etc.
7. Body of the letter
- it is that part of the letter which contains the
message to be converged. It is the most
important part of the letter and usually consist of
three to four paragraphs.
It is written below the last paragraph of the body of the
letter, either at the left side or at the right side,
depending on the style of letter. The subscription should
be corresponding to the situation.
10. Signature block/shot
- Is the assent of the writer to the subject matter
of the letter and is practical necessity. It is
usually handwritten and contains the writer’s
name, status, department, firm etc. Signature is
put just below the complementary close.
11. Enclosures
- Sometimes some documents like price catalogue etc.
are attached with the letter, Enclosure mentions the
documents which are enclosed or attached with the
letter. The enclosure usually finds their place at the
bottom left margin.
12. Postscript
- It is commonly known as is something written after the
letter is closed. It is usually done when the writer forgets
to put in some information or message in the main part.
It should be very precise and to the point.
13. C’C or Carbon Copy notation
- When copies of the letter are meant to be sent to
more than one person it is mentioned under “C”C or
Carbon copy notation
14. Reference initial
- When typed initials are put it refers to the reference
initials. These are useful for office checking. They are
type adjacent to the left margin.
8. Formal Close
- It also known as subscription. It is merely a polite
way of ending a letter.
LESSON 5: Tools of technology for communication
Creating a multimodal Text
- It means the production of spoken, written or
texts in print or digital forms
- It is the business of making meaning with the use
of technology
- It is the ways by which students communicate
which has extended to the utilization of images,
animation, gestures, music, spoken and written
language
- Indeed, digital communication technologies
and the choice of mode with which to create a
course output have changed by leaps and
bounds
MEANS OF MULTIMODAL TECTS
1. PAPER
• Books, comics, posters and the like meant to
be read and understood while holding or
looking at them
2. DIGITAL
• Slide presentation, blogs or vlogs, web
pages, short films, videos, media
campaigns, or anything that capitalizes on
digital technology
3. Live
• Which means that it can be performed
through interpretative dance, a
monologue, or a role play, among other
ways that are executed Infront of an
audience
4. Transmedia
• Where messages are conveyed thru a
combination of multimedia platforms. Ex: A
media campaign can be performed line on
stages, uploaded to social media,
broadcasted live over the radio and printed
on the school paper as well
5. SPATIAL
- Refers to environmental and architectural
spaces, proximity, direction, and over-all
organization of objects in a given space
 Examples:
HOW TO CREATE A MULTIMIDAL TEXT
• How to get good selfie lighting at home
• The bigger, the better
1. Purpose- means that you want to achieve with • Keep eyes ate eye-level
your text such as to inform, to inspire or to elicit • Consider your background
action • Camera quality matters
2. Message- is contained in the actual text you • Face your light source
compose • Take advantage of natural light
3. Reader- means fellow students, parents, •
teachers or whoever you think will appreciate
your message
COMMUNICATION FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES
4. Viewers- for which the form of your live
presentation or video should appeal to Understanding Informative, Persuasive and
5. Listeners- for which the form of song or jingle is Argumentative Communication
aimed at/target
INFORMATIVE COMMUNICATION
sharing something you know about anything under the sun
TOOL used in MEESAGES COVEYED in MULTIMODALITY
To educate readers

1. WRITTEN/LINGUISTIC Should not be opinionated nor should it be persuasive

- Refers to spoken and written language through
vocabulary, structure, and grammar. 5 structures in writing informative communication
Examples of ADVERTISMENT that got consumer
attention because of their catchy titles: 1. Cause and effect
• The secret of making people like you 2. Comparison and contrast
• The child who won the heart of all 3. Order or sequence
• How to win friends and influence people 4. Problem-solution
• Who else wants a screen star figure
5. Definition
2. AUDIO
- Refers to music, sound, effect, noises or silences PURSUASUVE COMMUNICATION
and the element of pitch, volume, and rhythm The process of convincing people to change their
Example: TRACK recommended for advertisement use
attitude towards an issue and believe your ideas
• Sleep Bank- Wolftooth
• Upscotch- Jean-Thomas Cloutier
3 modes of Persuasion
• Beautiful Life- BeepCode
• Edge- Denis Woods
1. Ethos
• Elements of Love- Chillout Tunes
- The appeal to ethics. Focuses in using the
3. VISUAL
credibility of the writer to convince the
- Refers to moving or still images with the
audience
utilization of colors, layouts, screen formats,
symbols, shot framing, distance, angle, camera 2. Pathos
movement and subject movement - The appeal to emotion. Human emotion such as
Example: “THE MOST POWERFUL IMAGES OF ALL TIME” sympathy, outrage and sadness can be used to
• Oscar Selfie, 2014 motivates readers
• Muhammad Ali Vs. Sonny Liston, 1965 3. Logos
• The Pillow Fight, 1964
- The appeal to logic and reason. It aims to be
• Guerillo Heroico, 1960
factual in its approach
4. GESTRUAL
- Refers to body movement, hands and eyes,
facial expressions, demeanors, speed, stillness,
TYPES OF SPEECHES ACCORDING TO DELIVERY
and angles
PUBLIC SPEAKING
Example:
• Peace sign
• Two-finger salute
• V-sign/ Heart gestures/sign
 ARGUMENTATIVE COMMUNICATION
Genre of writing that requires the student to investigate
a topic; collect, generate and evaluate evidence,
and establish a position on the topic in a concise
manner
When presenting arguments do not include the
following statements:
1. stop being stupid
2. It is a common knowledge that your sister was
a flop in acting, but I expected you to be better
3. Let's check if you did it right this time
4. This easy for most people, but I do understand
that it is not easy for you
5. Oh well, he did it right this time and I thought
you were hopeless
Types of speeches according to purpose
Speech to inform
- the most common type of speech
- you need to educate or expose your
audience to things or information they are not
aware or they need to know more about
Speech to entertain
- is usually short just to give the audience an
enjoyable and relaxing experience
- can use humorous stories and anecdotes
relevant to the occasion
Speech to persuade
- aims to influence the thinking or behavior of
the audience
- it is most challenging speech to write and
deliver because you need to make that it is
acceptable and not forcing or threatening
audience
Steps in writing and delivering an entertaining speech:
1. Choose a light topic
Do not delve into sensitive issues like politics,
gender, or religion.
2. Enjoy the moment
Be confident about your story and try to adjust your
speech accordingly.
3. Visualize the story in your head.
use vivid words
4. Surprise your audience.
Add some twists in your story before ending
- Is a way of making your ideas public- of sharing them
with other people and of influencing other people.
THREE MAJOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
CONVERSATION AND PUBLIC SPEAKING
1. Public speaking is more highly structured.
2. Public speaking requires more formal language.
3. Public speaking requires a different method of
delivery.
SPEECH
• is a term used to refer to the body spoken
expressions of information and ideas. A speech
• may be delivered in any of the following modes: read
from a manuscript, memorized, and delivered
• extemporaneous or impromptu.. The choice of mode
of speech delivery is determined by factors such as
• length of preparation, complexity of message,
purpose, and occasion
Reading from a Manuscript
• is appropriate when the speech is long and when
details are complicated and important such as they
need to be given completely.
• Reading is also appropriate when one is asked to
deliver a prepared speech on behalf of another
speaker.
Memorized Speech
• requires a speaker to commit everything to memory.
• This method is excellent for short messages although
it is also used for long pieces in oratorical,
declamation and other literary contests.
Extemporaneous Speaking
• may have a short or a long preparation.
• The speaker may use an outline to guide him through
his speech to achieve better organization and to
avoid leaving out details.
Impromptu
• means speaking at the spur of the moment.
• Since there is very little or no time for preparation
given for impromptu, the content and organization
may suffer.
THE SNAIL
 The Snail also true to its name is the one who drags his
COMMUNICATION AIDS AND speech seemingly endless manner. He tends to discuss
STRATEGIES USING TOOL OF each item thoroughly as if every detail can affect the
whole message. Because of too much detail, he would
TECHNOLOGY not notice the time consumed for each discussion
anymore.
COMMUNICATION AID
- A communication aid helps an individual to THE GADGETEER
communicate more effectively with people The Gadgeteer is the person who uses every gimmick
around them and technique in the presentation. With too much visual
Communication aids are also referred to as AAC aid, the speaker may lose sight of his message. Or the
devices.
audience may find the gadgets and other material
AAC refers to: presented to be too informative they would not want to
Augmentative and Alternative Communication which listen anymore.
is defined as, …
a huge range of techniques that support or replace GENERAL RULES IN GIVING A PRESENTATION
spoken communication. These include gestures, Come prepared.
signing, symbols, word boards, communication boards,
and books, as well as Voice Output Communication Get the set upright.
Aids (VOCs)
Know your audience & adjust content accordingly.
PRESENTATION MEDIA
Go easy on fonts, logos, and colors.
It is a stand alone presentation that includes
information, presented with slides, video or digital
Make eye contact.
presentation and includes sound
YOU PRESENT YOUR IDEAS, YOU PRESENT YOURSELF Be kind to questioners.
Presenting your ideas is like selling yourself. When others
are convinced to accept your ideas, it is like they Be kind to folks in the back.
accept you and from there you build a connection in
Design slides for distance.
terms of friendships, affiliation partnership, and
community Turn off cellphones.
HOW DO WE MAKE A GOOD PRESENTATION? Do not go crazy with the laser point/the pointer.
The Audience, The Speaker, and The Situation.
ORAL PRESENTATION Do not cram too much on each side.
The most common and readily available type of
presentation and that most people resort to Do not read from notes or from your slides.
THE ENTERTAINER
Do not spew jargon.
The Entertainer is the one who makes use of anecdotes
or hilarious stories in delivering their messages across.
Do not demean audience members.
The downside of it however is the tendency to entertain
the audience too much and forget their essence of
Do not turn your back.
speech.
THE ACADEMIC AUDIO-VISUAL PRESENTATION
The Academic is the speaker who keeps an eye on the Include video, PowerPoint Presentations,& Computer
precision of his presentation. These types of speakers Graphic
usually follow an organized outline and deliver it as
planned. But at times the audience can find it boring VIDEO
and irrelevant.
Steps:
THE READER
The Reader, as obvious in its name is the one who reads 1. Tell a story
his script word for word. This could be a product of 2. Visualize
thorough preparation but can be technical, boring,
3. Turn up the sound
and difficult to understand.
 4., Spread the word
5. If in doubt, as an expert
POWERPOINT
Although many would claim that PowerPoint
presentation is outdated, survey would say that it
continues to be the most accessible and utilized by
many both in the academe and business fields

GARR REYNOLD'S TIPS:

1. Keep it simple
2. Limit bullet points & text
3. Limit transitions & builds (animation)
4. Use high- quality graphics
5. Have a visual theme, but avoid using PPT templates
6. Use appropriate charts
7. Use color well
8. Choose fonts well
9. Use video or audio when appropriate
10. Spend time in slide sorter
MULTIMODAL TEXT
Victoria State Government (2018) defines MULTIMODAL
TEXT as texts communicated through combinations of
two or more modes including written language, spoken
language and patterns of meaning that are visual,
audio, gestural, tactile, and spatial

CATEGORIES:
VISUAL
picture books, textbooks, graphic novels, comics,
posters

DIGITAL
film, animation, slide shows, e-posters, digital stories,
and web pages

LIVE
dance, performance, and oral storytelling
We are committed to providing you with the best
dining experience possible, so we welcome your
comments. Please fill out this questionnaire and place
it in the box in our lobby. Thank you.

Please rate the quality of the service you received

from your host.
1 2 3 4 5

Disappointing Exceptional

Please rate the quality of the service you received

from your server.
1 2 3 4 5

Disappointing Exceptional

Was your server…

Courteous?  Yes |  No
Informative?  Yes |  No
Prompt and efficient?  Yes |  No

Please rate the quality of your entree.

1 2 3 4 5

Disappointing Exceptional

Please rate the quality of your beverage.

1 2 3 4 5

Disappointing Exceptional

Was our restaurant clean?

1 2 3 4 5

Disappointing Exceptional
accomplishments. People think that you are
Please rate your overall dining experience. what
st dining experience possible, so we welcome
1 2 3 4 5
your comments. Please fill out this questionnaire
Disappointing Exceptional and place it in the box in our lobby. Thank you.

How frequently do you visit our restaurant? Please rate the quality of the service you received
 3-5 times per month  1-2 times per month from your host.
1 2 3 4 5
 Once every 2 months  Other
Disappointing Exceptional

Please rate the quality of the service you received

from your server.
1 2 3 4 5
Disappointing Exceptional

Was your server…

Courteous?  Yes |  No
Informative?  Yes |  No
Prompt and efficient?  Yes |  No

Please rate the quality of your entree.

1 2 3 4 5

Disappointing Exceptional

Please rate the quality of your beverage.

1 2 3 4 5

Disappointing Exceptional

Was our restaurant clean?

1 2 3 4 5

Disappointing Exceptional

Please rate your overall dining experience.

1 2 3 4 5

Disappointing Exceptional

How frequently do you visit our restaurant?

 3-5 times per month  1-2 times per month

 Once every 2 months  Other

 [Company Name] [Company Name]

Continued Continued

Do you plan to return to our restaurant? Do you plan to return to our restaurant?
 Yes |  No  Yes |  No

Would you recommend our restaurant to a friend? Would you recommend our restaurant to a friend?

 Yes |  No  Yes |  No

Why, or why not? Why, or why not?

If your visit was to celebrate a special occasion, how If your visit was to celebrate a special occasion, how
might we have made it more memorable? might we have made it more memorable?

What dish did you order? What dish did you order?

What dishes would you like added to our menu? What dishes would you like added to our menu?

Please share any additional comments or suggestions. Please share any additional comments or suggestions.

[Company Name] [Company Name]

[Address] [Address]
City, ST ZIP Code City, ST ZIP Code
[Phone] [Phone]
[Website] [Website]