EXPERIMENT 1

Aim:
To prove Ohm’s law, experimentally, for ohmic conductors.

Materials Required:
1. DC voltage source (0-30V)

2. High resistance box (1-100 k Ohms)

3. Ammeter

4. Voltmeter

5. One way plug key

6. Connecting wires

7. Sand Paper

Theory:
The law states that the current through a conductor with a certain resistance R (measured in
ohms), between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points. Thus, V=IR.

Where, V= Voltage in volts across the conductor.

I= Current in amperes through the conductor

R= Resistance in ohms across the conductor. (Proportionality constant)

Circuit 1

From the circuit 1 above, the voltage across resistor is equal to source voltage i.e., VR = VS. Using
Ohm’s law, the current through the resistance is given by

I=V/R

Procedure:
For circuit 1:

1. Clear the connecting wires with sand paper and make the connections as shown in
circuit 1.
2. Note down the voltmeter and ammeter readings.
3. With resistance remaining the same increase the voltage by 5 V in subsequent
readings.
4. Take at least 5 of such readings.
5. Plot a graph between V ( along Y- axis ) and I ( along X-axis).

Serial no. Voltage(V) Current(milliampere)

(mA)

1 5 0.250

2 10 0.500

3 15 1.000

4 20 1.250

5 25 1.500

The graph:

Result:
The graph between V and I is a straight line and the slope between V and I gives the resistance of
the circuit.

Therefore the resistance= 20 kilo Ohms

CIRCUIT 2: Series combination of resistance

Theory: The current in a series circuit goes through every component in the circuit. Therefore, all
of the components in a series connection carry the same current. There is only one path in a series
circuit in which the current can flow.

Therefore,

Net Current = I1 + I2 + …

Net Resistance= R1 + R2 + …

Circuit- 2

Procedure:
1. Set the DC voltage (0-30 V).
2. Here resistance are kept in series. Set the resistance R1(1 Kilo ohm -
100 Kilo ohm) value and set resistance R2(5 - 15 Kilo ohm).
3. Voltmeter is placed parallel with resistor and ammeter series with
resistor.
4. Now note the Voltmeter and Ammeter reading for DC voltage.
5. Increase the DC voltage by 2 factor and note Voltmeter and Ammeter
Readings. Keeping resistance value constant
6. Plot the V( along Y-axis) vs I( along X-axis) graph to verify Ohm's Law
7. Take 5 readings keeping both the resistance fixed.

Observation Table:

Serial no. Voltage(V) Current(milliampere)

(mA)
 1 5 0.167

2 10 0.333

3 15 0.500

4 20 0.667

5 25 0.833

The graph:

Result:

The graph between V and I is a straight line with slope equals to the resistance.
The value of Resistance 1 is 20 kilo Ohms.
The value of Resistance 2 is 10 Kilo Ohms.
Therefore the equivalent resistance is 30 Kilo Ohms.

Precautions:
1. The connections should be neat, clean and tight.
2. Thick copper wires should be used for making connections after cleaning their ends with
sand paper.
3. Voltmeter and ammeter should be of proper ranges and should be properly connected.
4. The unknown resistance should not be lower than the internal resistance of the battery.
5. The key should be inserted only while taking observations.