MATERNALNURSI

NGNOTES

OLIGOSPERMI
A–Lowsperm count
Obstet
ri
cs–isthefi
eldofst
udy ans:bel
ow15mil
l
ionsper
m count.
concent
ratedonpregnancy
,chi
l
dbi
rt
hand
thepostpart
um per
iod. MENSTRUATI ON| Gl
ands&Hormones
▪ Hypothal
amus–GnRH
Or
ganofr
epr
oduct
ioni
nmale–Test
es ▪ APG–FSH/ LH
Or
ganofr
epr
oduct
ioni
nfemal
e–Ovari
es ▪ Ovari
es–est r
ogen/pr
ogest
erone

Gonads—pri
maryrepr
oduct
iveor
ganswhi
ch Effects
arer
esponsi
blef
orproduci
ngthesper
m ▪ FSH–f ollicl
emat urati
on
andova. ▪ LH–f olli
clerupture(ovulat
ion)
▪ Pr ogesterone–i ncrease
Geni
tal
ia–sexorgans vasculari
ty/bloodf l
owi nendomet ri
um.
Gametes–sexcell
s ▪ Est r
ogen–i ncreasethickening/
cell
proli
ferat
ioni nendetri
um.
Analyse:anggonadsngmgaf emaleay
ovari
es,whereasanggonadsngmgamal es FOLLICLE
aytestes.Anoanggamet esngmga ▪ Graafi
anfol
licl
e–mat ur
ef ol
li
cle(highi
n
female?—theansweriseggcell
(sper
m cell estr
ogen)
namananggamet esngmgamal e). ▪ Corpuslut
eum–r upt
uredfoll
i
cle(highin
progest
eronelowinestr
ogen)
SEXUALRESPONSECYCLE( APOR)
1.Arousal
/excitementphase–excitat
ory GENETI
CDI SORDERSCREENI
NG&
stage DI
AGNOSTI CTEST
2.Plat
eu–intensifi
edstage ▪ Chor
ionicVil
li
Sampl
i
ng–10-12weeks
3.Orgasm–cl i
max, short
eststage, ▪ Amniocentesi
s–15-
18weeks
ej
aculati
onoccur s.
4.Resolut
ion–decr easearousal Nonstr
esstest
Contr
acti
onstr
esst
est
Ej
aculat
ion
Aver
age2.5ml ofsemen(
cont
aini
ng FETALDEVELOPMENT
50–200mill
ionsperm)
. Ovum –Zygote–Blastocy
st–Embryo(
5–8
weeks)–Fetus(
from embryot
oter
m).
 3Positi
veSignsofPr egnancy
ZYGOTE ▪ Presenceoffet
al heartrat
e( FHR)
–productoff
ert
il
izat
ion ▪ Fetalmovementf eltbyexami ner
▪ Visual
izat
ionoffetusbyul t
rasound
BLASTOCYST
▪t r
ophoblast–outer
,laterwil
lform Li
fespanofsper
m—3day
s
pl
acenta
▪ embryoblast–i
nner
, laterwi
llfor
m Li
fespanofegg(
ovum)
—1day
embryo/f
etus.
Ageofv i
abi
l
ity—Theearli
estageatwhich
PREGNANCY( gravi
da) fet
usessurv
ivei
ftheyareborn.
▪ Pr
imigravi
da–f i
rstpr
egnancy ▪ ans:24weeks(or500–600ginweight)
▪ Multi
grav
ida–pregnantforatleasta2nd
ti
me. EMBRYO–af
teri
mpl
ant
ati
on
▪ Grandmulti
grav
ida–pr egnantfi
veti
mes
ormore. LABOR&DELI
VERY

PREGNANCYDURATION STAGESOFLABOR
▪ months–9months 1st:
Dilation–longeststage
▪ weeks–40weeks 2nd:Expul si
on–expulsionoffetus
▪ days–280day
s 3rd:Placental–expul
sionofplacenta
▪t r
imest
ers–3tr
imest
ers 4th:Recov er
y–recoverystage

PRENATALPERI
OD 4PsOFLABOR
Power–ut er
inecont
ract
ion
Exercisesf orPr
egnancy Passenger–fetus
▪ Wal king–bestexer cisedur i
ngpregnancy Passageway–pelvis
▪ Pelv i
cr ocki
ng–pr event s/r
eli
eves Psyche
backache
▪ Kegel sexercise–per inealmuscle Dy
stoci
a–di
ff
icul
tyi
ngi
vi
ngbi
rt
h.
str
engt h,promot eperineal heal
ing
(postpartum) Oxyt
ocin–let-
downr
efl
ex,uter
ine
▪ Squat ti
ng–pel vi
cmuscl est
retch cont
ract
ion.
PROlact
in–PROmotesbreastmil
k
Nutri
ti
onalRequi
rements PROducti
on.
I
ron:30–60mg
Calci
um: 1,
000–1300mg PERINEALLACERATI ON
Fol
icacid:400μg(micr
ogram) ▪ Fi
rstdegr
ee:Vaginal
mucousmembr ane
Vit
aminA: 10,
000IU andskinoft
heperineum t
ot hefourchet
te
▪ Seconddegr
ee:Vagina,peri
nealskin,
fascia,l
evatoranimuscl e,andper i
nealbody Misopr
ost
ol
▪ Thi r
ddegr ee:Enti
reper i
neum, extendi
ng –canusei
nlabori
nduct
ion
toreacht heexternalsphincterofthe
rectum Corti
costeroid
▪ Four thdegreeEntireperineum, r
ectal –forpremat ur
ebaby(toi
ncr
easel
ung
sphincter,andsomeoft hemucous surf
actant)–pr ev
entARDSi
npret
erm
membr ane newborn.
ofther ectum
Magnesi um Sulfate(MgSO4)
DI
SORDERS CNSdepr essant&muscl erel
axant
–forpreclampsia/ ecl
ampsia(CNS
Ectopic–ex tr
auteri
ne( salabasnguter
us) depressant)
i
mpl antat
ion. –forpremat urelabor(musclerel
axant
)
▪ Commonor ganaffectedinectopi
c– –ri
skf ortoxici
ty
fal
l
opi antube/tubalpregnancy.
▪ Commonsi teofect opic–ampul l
a Anti
dot
eforMgSO4t oxi
cit
y
▪ ans:
Calci
um gl
uconate
Abrupti
o–earl
yplacental
separat
ion.
Previ
a–l owpl
acentaimplant
ati
on. RhOGam–topreventRhi
soi
mmuni
zat
ion
(Rhi
ncompat
ibil
i
ty).
Postpar
tum Hemorr
hage
▪ above500ml bl
oodloss
▪leadingcauseofmaternal
mor
tal
i
ty

PELVI
CI NFLAMMATORYDI SEASE(
PID)
–commonl ycausedbychlamydi
a&
gonor
rhea
–canleadtoectopi
cpregnancy

Contr
acept
iont
hatcancausePI
D
▪ ans:I
UD

OBDRUGS/
MEDS

Cl
omi phene(Cl
omid)
–canstimulat
eovulat
ion(
DOCf
orf
ert
il
it
y
pr
oblem)

Met
hot
rexat
e–candest
royt
heect
opi
c