σ ετ ετ σε τ , σ τ σ τ ε ε ε τ δε α τε ε

τ α σ (Düppe, 2011).
ε δ α ε τ Friedman ε εαστε α τ ετ σ α α α τ
ε δ ατ Φ σ . Friedman σ ε ε ε τ τε τ ετ Φ σ α ε α
ε δε τ τ στ τ ε δ α α α ετ Φ σ ε α ε φα .Ό τ ε δ :

ε α α, ε ε α , ε α ε α ,
α α ε ε ε , α ε
ε ε (Friedman, 1953, .4).

Ε σ α ε α α ασ δ αφ ετα τ δ ε στ : στ , ε δε
αε ε ετ ε α ατ δ σ α ε στ Φ σ .Α τ ε α α
ατ δε αε α α α ε τ ε ε ε (Friedman, 1953,
σ. 5).

8.5. Samuelson - Friedman (F-twist).

τ ασ τ σ
τ σ α τ τ σε στ ε α, Friedman ε α
ε τ ε (F-twist), σ ε α ε τ δε ε α α ε ε σε α ε τ ε τ
σε α τ ε ε α δ στ τ δε σ στ α ατ τ τα
(Ζ , 2007, σ. 82). Δ αδ , ε τ F-twist ε ε τα ετ στ ε α ε α τ ε
τ τ ε ε τ α τ σε τ ε α - εα στ . ασ τ ε α τ
σε α ε α δ σε σ στ ε . Η σ τ Friedman εσε
α τ δ σε . Η στ ε α τ Paul Samuelson. Samuelson ε ε τ ε δ
σ σ F-twist ε α σ α αδ α α: ε α α ε αα ε τα ετ α α ε
τ ε ε τ τ τ α α τ α α ε τα ‘φα ταστ ’ στ ε α τ . Γ α τ α τ ,ε α
α α δε τ α τα ε ε αδ α ε α ε α τ ετ τε α α τ στ τ
(Samuelson, 1963 α α α , 1995). τ , τ τ Samuelson α τ σ F-twist
εστ ετα στα ε σ ε α:

Ε α α τ φασ α στ ετα τ σ τα σ ε σ ατα α ε α α

ε ε ε ε ε σε τ .
Ε α α α στ ε α ε , τα ε α τα σ ε σ ατα α ε α
α δε σ στ , τ σε α ε α στ σ τ ε α α α τ
ε τ δε ε ε ε δ στασ . ( α α , 1995, σ. 294).

Γ α τ Samuelson ε ε α εσ φε ε α α τα ετα , ε ε τ στ , στ
α ατ τ τα α α τ α τ Samuelson α α τ σε τ ε δ σ τ Friedman τ
ελιγμό τ στρίψιμο τ Friedman (Ζ , 2007, σ. 86).

8.6.
Hσ φ ασ τ δε ατ τ Homo Economicus ε α Θε α Α φ σε
(Θ Α). Η ε α α τ ε α ε ε δ σ ασ α α τ σ ε ασ .
σ ε α, Θ Α α τε ε τ σ τ ε α ατα σ α α τ ε α τ σ , τ
ε α ε δ σ , τ ε α δα ατα τ α ασ
ε τ ε ασ .Ε σ , σ ε τα α σε δ τ ,
στ τ ε ασ α , στ δ σα α α σ α α ε
α α δε τ . Ό α α α σ ε α στ ε τ τα α τ ε δ
ε α σ , τ τε ε τα ε δε αετ ε Θ Α ε σ ε ε α ε α σ α σε
ε ε στ ε . Γ α α δε α, σε σε στ τ Ε στ ε
ασ τα στ ε α α τ . Γε , τ Θ Α ε α τ σ σ α τ α σε α
στ τε τ σ φ α στ δ ατ σ τ ε σ ε στ σ ε ε στ

179
8.9.
τ εφ α α τ α σ στ α τα α ε ατα τ δ ε δ α. σε
τ δ ε δ α τ α α τ Robbins α J. N. Keynes,
δα φ σα α τ σ α α τ ασ τ ετ . ε ε α εα
τ Samuelson, στ ε α τ α α τ ε τ σ σ σε α α α ε τ
δ ε α α φ σε α α φ σ φ στ ε α ε σ α τ ε δ
τ τ φ σ ε στ . τ δ α σ , Friedman σ σε α α σε τ δ
ε αα τ σ ετ ετ σε τ , σ τ σ τ ε ε ε τ δε α τε ε
τ α σ . α τ ε α σ τ ε δ α ε τ Friedman, σ α τ
δ τ ε σφ δ τ α τ Samuelson. τ σ ε α, α σ στ ε α ατ σ σ τ
δ , ε φ ετα στ ε α α φ σε . Η ε α ε δε τε
σ α τ τ , ε τ α φσ τ σ τ α τ ε στ σ α τ H. Simon, τ
α α ασ τ α ατ τ α ε α τ σ α α τ Allais α α α τα σ α ε φ
τ Kahneman α Tversky. , ε ετ στ ε ε δ ε α σ ,
ε σ τ ε τασ τ ε α α φ σε σε ε ε στ ε .

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