English 8

English – Grade 8
Quarter 4 – Module 3: Using Grammatical Signals for Cause-and-Effect Pattern
of Development
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Katrina Angela R. Clores
Editors: Richelle M. Asaytono and Ferdinand L. Cruz
Reviewer: Marilisa T. Lopez
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Aurelio G. Alfonso EdD
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Victor M. Javeña EdD
Chief, School Governance and Operations Division and
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
 English 8
Quarter 4
Self-Learning Module 3
Using Grammatical Signals for
Cause-and-Effect Pattern of
Development
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to English 8 Self-Learning Module on Using grammatical signals for

cause-and-effect pattern of development!

This Self-Learning Module is collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilize the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to English 8 Self-Learning Module on Analyzing intention of texts

in propaganda techniques!

This module is designed to provide you with fun and meaningful

opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an
active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module. 

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Post-test - This measure how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

This is your self-instructional learner module in English 8. All the activities

provided in this lesson will help you analyze the texts in: Cause-and-Effect Pattern
of Development.

Specifically, you will learn about the following:

 define the cause-and-effect relationship;

 analyze the appropriate grammatical signal to use in a cause-and-effect
statements;
 create a cause-and-effect flipbook using the appropriate grammatical
signals.

PRETEST

Before we proceed, let us identify first the cause-and-effect grammatical signal

on the following sentences. Encircle the letter of your answer.

1. Daphne sometimes hates her sisters because they love to tease her.

a. sometimes c. because
b. hates d. love

2. Her sisters would laugh at her due to her cute expressions.

a. due to c. expressions
b. cute d. laugh

3. Their mother would constantly reprimand them because of their loudness.

a. constantly c. reprimand
b. because of d. loudness

4. However, their father would always stay silent since he is busy reading the
newspaper.
a. always c. since
b. however d. would

5. Nonetheless, they still enjoy each other’s company for they know this
pandemic calls for a closer family.
a. calls c. still
b. for d. nonetheless
 Previously, you’ve learned how to use appropriate grammatical signals for
problem-solution pattern of idea. For this lesson, let’s try to discover grammatical
signals for cause-and-effect relationship.

LESSON

First, let’s define the CAUSE-and-EFFECT relationship.

It is when an event (the cause) resulted or made things happen after (the
effects). Yes, one cause can result to several effects.
Remember that the CAUSE must happen first before the EFFECT/S.
Here are some grammatical signals that you are suggested to be familiar with:
CAUSE SIGNALS

TYPE EXAMPLE EXAMPLE SENTENCE

Coordinators for Face masks nowadays
are one of the most
essential things to bring
when going out, for this
protects us from the
virus.
Subordinators because, since, as Washing your hands
after going out is
important too because it
will kill the virus on your
hands.
 Phrases resulted from, was/were Millions of deaths around
the result of, due the world resulted from
to/because of, effect of COVID-19 infection.

Businesses and jobs were

lost due to the emergency
lockdown.

Other effects of the

emergency lockdown
were depression and
anxiety amongst people.

EFFECT SIGNALS

TYPE EXAMPLE EXAMPLE SENTENCE

Transition words and therefore, thus, The virus is spreading
phrases consequently fast around the country;
therefore, the government
announced an emergency
lockdown.
Coordinators so International leaders
thought of preventing the
virus from spreading
further, so vaccines are
now on the way.
Phrases result in, caused, COVID-19 resulted in the
has/have an effect, the near economical downfall
cause/reason for of several countries
around the world.

COVID-19 had an effect

on the lives of peoples
around the world.

Internationally recognized
COVID-19 vaccines can
be a cause for
celebration.
Guided Practice

Now, I need your help on the following texts. Read and analyze the cause-
and-effect statements, then rewrite them using appropriate signal words that we
learned a while ago. Let’s go!

CAUSE EFFECT

Juan went out of the house Concerned barangay

without his face mask on. officials confronted him.

What grammatical signals for CAUSE can we use to rewrite the statements
together?

Yes! We can use resulted from or due to/because of. Look here:

 Concerned barangay officials confronted Juan due to/because of not

wearing a facemask on.
 Confrontation between concerned barangay officials and Juan resulted from
Juan's going out of the house without his face mask on.

Let’s try another one:

CAUSE EFFECT

Jane went to a crowded Jane tested positive with

party despite the social COVID-19 virus days after
distancing protocol. the party.

What grammatical signals for EFFECT can we use to rewrite the statements
together?

Nice work! We can use consequently, thus or the cause of. Check these out:

 Jane went to a crowded party despite the social distancing protocol;

consequently/thus, she tested positive with the virus days after the party.
 The cause of Jane being tested positive with the virus was her failure to
follow social distancing protocol.

You’re doing great so far! Let’s have the next one:

CAUSE EFFECT

The government announced Students and teachers were

the suspension of face-to- asked to conduct their
face classes. classes online.
 What grammatical signals for CAUSE can we use to rewrite the statements
together?

Good one! To rewrite these statements, we can use because or was/were the result
of. See here:

 Students and teachers were asked to conduct their classes online because
the government announced the suspension of face-to-face classes.
 The current online classes in the country were the result of the government’s
effort to stop the spread of the virus.

Let’s have one last set of statements to rewrite!

CAUSE EFFECT

The government put the Some families use this as

country in an emergency an opportunity to get closer
lockdown. to God and each other.

What grammatical signals for EFFECT can we use to rewrite the statements
together?

Great! We can use result in or have/has an effect on. Look right here:

 The emergency lockdown resulted in some families getting closer to God and
each other.
 The emergency lockdown had an effect on families getting closer to God and
each other.

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1

Read and analyze the items from column A. Then, find their matches from
column B. Write your answer on your notebook.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. This pandemic has… a. resulted in seafarers being

2. The new strain of COVID-19 has
been identified in the UK has…
3. Wearing a face shield is now a
requirement…
4. The Philippines announced
travel bans to 30 countries
again…
5. The Philippines is being more
careful…
quarantined before entering the
country.
b. because of the government’s
continuous efforts to stop the
spread of the virus.
c. caused us to stay at home at all
times.
d. since the new variant of COVID-
19 is known to be deadlier.
e. due to the new strain of COVID-
19 now spreading.

Activity 2

Study the picture below as the CAUSE. Make atleast (4) four EFFECTS that
come with it. The first one is done for you.

CAUSE
The typhoon Ondoy hit the
country…

…which caused
heavy flooding
around Metro
Manila.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=Dq_JGOhQ0ic
Activity 3

You are about to make a CAUSE-and-EFFECT Flip Book for a presentation

to the children at a charity event. To do this, you’ll need to prepare the following
materials:

 coloring materials  oslo papers

 black pen/black  scissors (make sure to
marker be careful with these!)

How to do this:

Fold two oslo papers into four.

https://saralaughed.com/paper-stars-craft/

Now, fold it again in half, making

sure that the lines of the first four https
://s1
folds are visible. Cut the line in 8670
.pcdn
the middle from the bottom to the .co/w
p-
fold, creating something like the
example here:

As per the example, on the cover,

draw images that best describe
four CAUSES. Then, lift the flap to
draw four EFFECTS.
content/uploads/CauseEffect3.jpg

Don’t forget to write the cause-and-effect sentences, that corresponds to

each image, at the back of the flip book. This will serve as your script
when you present it to the children.

Rubrics:

Creativity- 40%

Cause-and-Effect Sentences- 60%

Total: 100%

WRAP-UP

Now that’s a wrap! But first, accomplish the KWL Chart below.

https://sites.google.com/site/theamazingworldofteaching/kwl-charts

VALUING
Complete the statement below. Make sure to use appropriate cause-and-
effect grammatical signals:

I became closer to my family, especially these

days, _____________________________.
 POSTTEST
Identify the appropriate cause-and-effect grammatical signal for each item.
Encircle the letter of your answer.

1. Families, nowadays, got closer ________________ the pandemic.

A. because B. due to C. since D. resulted to

2. However, some families lost hope ________________ they lost their jobs.
A. because B. due to C. since D. resulted to

3. People continuously criticize the government as an _________________ of the

declining economy.
A. due to B. effect of C. resulted to D. since

4. But the government wants to earn the trust of the people, _____________ the
Philippines is one of the countries that expressed its desire to purchase
vaccines.
A. because of B. for C. reason for D. so

5. The vaccine is still new to the people _________________ some also expressed
their opinion not to get vaccinated.
A. after this B. as a result C. for D. therefore
 KEY TO CORRECTION

Pre- Activity 1 Activity 2 Post-test

test
1. C 1. C Possible 1. B
answers:
The typhoon
Ondoy hit the
country...
2. A 2. A ...resulting to 2. A
farmers losing
their crops.

3. B 3. B ...thus the 3. B
NDRRMC
prepared the
necessary
rescue
operations.

4. C 4. E ...caused 4. D
several
families in
Marikina to
lose their
houses.

5. D 5. D ...so, the 5. D
government
announced to
evacuate to
higher areas
as soon as
possible.
 References

Larson, Jenn. We Are Teachers. Last modified March 12, 2019.

https://www.weareteachers.com/cause-and-effect-lesson-plans/.

Open Oregon: Educational Resources.

https://openoregon.pressbooks.pub/wrd/chapter/patterns-of-
organization-and-methods-of-development/?
fbclid=IwAR1IGDCm5hPZY2CTTsAYWl76s9ZD4ZUsgkWMTQb3rm
jtufYTb_kWuu0ksOQ.
Palero, Juan Miguel. slideshare. Last modified November 1, 2016.
https://www.slideshare.net/jmpalero/english-8-pattern-of-idea-
development-causeeffect-relationship?
fbclid=IwAR1IGDCm5hPZY2CTTsAYWl76s9ZD4ZUsgkWMTQb3rm
jtufYTb_kWuu0ksOQ.
Shutterfly: Tinyprints. Last modified June 29, 2020.
https://www.shutterfly.com/ideas/family-quotes/.
TeacherVision. Last modified March 8, 2007.
https://www.slideshare.net/jmpalero/english-8-pattern-of-idea-
development-causeeffect-relationship?
fbclid=IwAR1IGDCm5hPZY2CTTsAYWl76s9ZD4ZUsgkWMTQb3rm
jtufYTb_kWuu0ksOQ.