PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY

PROJECT 2022-23

D.A.V. PUBLIC SCHOOL, NEW PANVEL

TOPIC :- WATER LEVEL INDICATOR

Name : ANUJ SUHAS PATIL

CLASS : XII A
ROLL NO. :
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to acknowledge the efforts and

help that were provided to me to complete
physics investigatory project.
First of all I would like to thank our principal,
Mr. Chaitanya C Reddy Sir for giving me the
opportunity to work on this project.
I would like to thank my physics teacher,
Mrs. Manjiri Phatak ma’am for guiding me in
making this project. I would also like to thank
my parents for providing me with continuous
support in making this project.
 Certificate
Examination roll no: _____________
This is to certify that Mst. ANUJ PATIL has
satisfactorily carried out the investigatory project
work in physics on water level indicator during
the year 2022-2023.

Date-____________

________________ _____________
Subject Teacher’s signature Signature of the
Principal

_____________
School/college stamp Signature of the
External Examiner
 INDEX
Sr. No. Content
1. Acknowledgement
2. Certificate
3. Introduction
4. Aim
5. Materials Required
6. Theory
7. Procedure
8. Observations and Result
9. Circuit Diagram
10. Advantages
11. Precautions
12. Sources of Error
13. Bibliography
 INTRODUCTION

The Water Level Indicator employs a

simple mechanism to detect and indicate
the water level in an overhead tank or any
other water container. The sensing is done
by using 4 probes which are placed at 4
different levels on the tank walls(with
probe 4 to probe 1 placed in increasing
order of height, common probe(i.e. supply
carrying probe) is placed at the bottom of
the tank). The level 4 represents the “Tank
Full” condition while Level 1 represents
the “Empty Tank” condition.
 AIM
To study about the working of
Water Level Indicator using light
emitting diode (LED), transistor
and resistor.
MATERIALS REQUIRED

1. TRANSISTORS
2. RESISTORS
3. LIGHT EMITTING DIODE-LED
4. BUZZER
5. 9 V BATTERY
6. CONNECTING WIRES
7. PCB BOARD
8. BATTERY CAP
 THEORY

RESISTANCE :-
The electrical resistance of an electrical
conductor is a measure of difficulty to
pass an electric current through the
conductor. The inverse quantity is
electrical conductance, the ease with
which an electric current passes.

LIGHT EMITTING DIODE – LED :-

A light emitting diode is two lead
semiconductor light source. It is a pn-
junction diode, which emits light when
activated. When suitable voltage is
applied to the leads, electrons are able to
recombine with electron holes within
device, releasing energy in the form of
photons.

TRANSISTOR :-
A transistor is a semiconductor device
used to amplify or switch electronic
signals and electrical power. It is
composed of semiconductor to an
external circuit.
 PROCEDURE

1. WE CAN CONSIDER THIS WHOLE

SITUATION AS THREE SMALL
CIRCUITS, EACH ONE INDICATING OR
ALARMING A PARTICULAR LEVEL OF
WATER.
2. CONNECT THE CIRCUIT WITH A 9V
BATTERY AND START FILLING WATER
IN THE BEAKER.
3. WHEN WATER LEVEL, REACHES TO
POINT A CIRCUIT WITH GREEN LIGHT
TRANSISTOR Q1 GETS COMPLETED
AND THE BULB GLOWS.
4. SIMILARLY WHEN WATER LEVEL,
REACHES TO POINT B CIRCUIT WITH
 RED LED GLOWS, AND FINALLY TANK
GETS 75% FULL.
5. CIRCUIT WITH BUZZER GETS
COMPLETED AND BUZZER STARTS
BITTING WHEN THE WATER REACHES
THE TOPMOST LEVEL.
6. THE BASE TRANSISTOR Q1 IS IN OFF
STATE AND NO CURRENT IS FLOWING
THROUGH COLLECTOR AND EMITTER
AND LED IS OFF.
7. WHEN THE WATER LEVEL REACHES
THE POINT A IN THE TANK, THE
POSITIVE SIDE OF BATTERY IS
CONNECTED TO THE BASE OF
TRANSISTOR Q3.
8. IT GETS ON AND CURRENT STARTS
FLOWING FROM COLLECTOR TO
 EMITTER AND RED LED STARTS
GLOWING.
9. SAME PHENOMENON HAPPENS
WHEN WATERL REACHES TO POINT B.
A POSITIVE VOLTAGE GETS APPLIED
TO THE TRANSISTOR Q2 IT GETS ON
AND CURRENT STARTS FLOWING
THROUGH RED LED AND LED GLOWS.
10. FINALLY BUZZER BELTS WHEN
WATER LEVEL REACHES TO D.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 OBSERVATIONS AND RESULT
When the circuit is connected to a 9V battery
and the water is filled in the beaker, the
respective LED’s connected at different levels
starts glowing and the buzzer beeps when
water reaches the topmost level of beaker.
 ADVANTAGES

1. The system easily indicates when

water level is full in tank with beep.
2. Low Maintenance, Compact elegant
design and Eco-Friendly.
3. It ensures no overflows or dry
running of pump there by saves
electricity and water.
4. Avoid seepage of roofs and walls due
to overflowing tanks.
5. Fully automation, saves man power.
6. Consume very little electricity and
ideal for continuous operation.
7. Therefore by using this simple
arrangement we can save wastage of
water and electricity.
 PRECAUTIONS

1. Make sure that connections are neat

and clean.
2. Current must not be directly supplied
to the LED.
 SOURCES OF ERROR

1. Connections may not be proper.

2. LED or Transistor may be damaged.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. circuitdigest.com
2. icbse.com
3. Class-XII NCERT Physics-II textbook