CE 241 – MATERIALS SCIENCE

Mechanical Properties of Materials

Elastic and Plastic Deformation

Ideal Material Behavior
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CE241: Materials Science
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

Stress (MPa)
Strain (-)

∆
𝜀𝑙 =
𝐿0

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CE241: Materials Science
 DEFORMATION TYPES
• Basic deformation types for load carrying materials are:
1. Elastic deformation (deformations are instantaneous and recoverable)
2. Plastic deformation (non-recoverable)
3. Viscous deformation (time-dependent)

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DEFORMATION TYPES – ELASTIC
1. Initial 2. Loading

bonds
stretched

d
F

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CE241: Materials Science
DEFORMATION TYPES – ELASTIC
1. Initial 2. Loading 3. Unloading
return to
bonds initial shape
stretched

d
F
Linear elastic
F
Elastic means
REVERSIBLE! Non-linear
elastic

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CE241: Materials Science
DEFORMATION TYPES – PLASTIC
1. Initial 2. Loading

bonds stretched
upto a certain load
delastic and
dplastic planes shear
after that load
F
<Fyy

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CE241: Materials Science
 DEFORMATION TYPES – PLASTIC
1. Initial 2. Loading 3. Unloading
stretched bonds
return to original
shape
but
bonds stretched planes remain
upto a certain load sheared
delastic and dplastic
dplastic planes shear F
after that load
F
<Fyy
Fyield

Plastic means
IRREVERSIBLE or PERMANENT! d
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CE241: Materials Science
dplastic delastic 7
 DEFORMATION TYPES – PLASTIC
• Example:
1. Initial Plastic2. deformation
Loading of polycarbonate
3. Unloading
bonds stretched stretched bonds
upto a certain load return to original
and shape
but
planes shear
planes still
after that load
sheared
delastic dplastic
dplastic F

Fyield
F
Plastic means
IRREVERSIBLE or PERMANENT! d
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CE241: Materials Science
dplastic delastic 8
DEFORMATION TYPES – VISCOUS
• Plastic deformations in noncrystalline solids (as well as liquids)
occurs by a viscous flow mechanism. Usually attributed to
fluids. But solids may also behave like viscous materials under
high temperature and pressure.
• Viscous materials deform steadily under stress.
• Deformations are time dependent.

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CE241: Materials Science
DEFORMATION TYPES – VISCOUS
• Plastic deformations in noncrystalline solids (as well as liquids)
occurs by a viscous flow mechanism. Usually attributed to
fluids. But solids may also behave like viscous materials under
high temperature and pressure.
Slow Loading: 4 mm/min Fast Loading: 40 mm/min
• Viscous materials deform steadily under stress.
• Deformations are time dependent.

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CE241: Materials Science
IDEAL MATERIALS
• Based on the above-mentioned deformation
characteristics, several material idealizations
could be made.
1. Ideal Linear Elastic Materials
2. Ideal Plastic Materials
3. Ideal Elastoplastic Materials

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CE241: Materials Science
IDEAL MATERIALS – LINEAR ELASTIC
• Linear Elastic Materials undergo
s deformation as subjected to loading
and upon removal of loading
(unloading) they immediately
recover their original shape; that is,
no permanent deformation is
e elastic e observed.

Linear Elastic
Material

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IDEAL MATERIALS – PLASTIC (RIGID)
• Plastic (Rigid) Materials do not
s exhibit any deformation up to a
certain load/stress threshold.
sy • Once the load/stress reaches
this limit, permanent
deformations occur.
e plastic e

Rigid Plastic
Material

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IDEAL MATERIALS – ELASTOPLASTIC
Elastoplastic Materials deform
s elastically up to a limit.
sy Within this limit if the load is
removed, the material
returns to its original shape.
If the load passes the
elastic limit, plastic deformations
e plastic e elastic e
occur.
Elastoplastic
Material

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NEXT VIDEO

ELASTIC MATERIALS
MODULUS OF ELASTICITY

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