* before ect

effec
reflection: I -

image
I

tion-
40CM
20cmi R =

f=

⑤
& I

restor Em object C
T
-

-
L
-

N virtual. v 20
=-

real
Image

...
E

-
....
- O I
-

v 60
=
=

convex mirror: - virtual

real object ->
virtual image Image
virtad is ->
rel
- .
as well as virtuel
-
 convex Nirror.

f) if
co
v =

u -

f>0
↓ 0 + virtual
#
age

Ol

A B
= 15cm
->
locate its in age
fid length image

E
->

any i or
cacent
locM? -

farB u= -
20
AB -con
f = -

15

x =
-

68
A- B -
-
-

1 m 3
-

-
=
-

H
-

li
toteor
-
=
-
3
-

· -

hi
-

-
.
=

2 soon an ~30.08
 combination is given below
o A mirror

30cm
f 15cm
f2
object
= =

-
-

-
-
& &

↑I
-
-
som 15cu =
tre
-
c
-

- -

-Ex
--
-
+
-

-
arcm ye
-
- -
Jam
~
F5c-
-

finial image
-

First consider the

way reflected from
concave

mirror then reflection at convex mirror.

Fuid
position, size, nature of image.
For concave Mirror: -

u =

-
20:0 = -
15=)x =-
s0Y0
For convex mirror
u= -

15: 7 30:x
=

1038.
=

m
(60) 3;mz =
() 213
- -

=
-

= =

correl
net
magnification m )
=

m/xmz
=
-

3x2
=- 2
3
hi=v
hi =
- 2(3) =
= 0.
 Refraction of light: -

Laws
of refraction -
I.vicident and
normal at way, refracted way
point of vividence all lie in
the same plane
2.
Sells bow Mcii=M2 wiz
normal
cabsolute ( i
M,-
M refractive medium
=

vide
of boundary
Medium
M2 -

u = c 2
-

Y v

C speed of light
c =
in vacuum

Y =
, " is the medium
a
factor by which speed of light reduces
via medium is companism to speed of light
rivarum.
r: optical density of medium

wet meto

Meet Me
relative

M2
of medium & wst
medrup
I
 M,3 M2 M1 C M2

I roinoa
M,

he denser to
varey
# in
*
r
M2

vi

ray bends away from

Normal
-
I way
bends towards
-

- the normal

reflected

EarAECavNE
refracted way is

↓
to reflected

Edition
go v 90
=
-
1
|x(vii 5si(90 i)
=
-

fani = 5 +i =
60

IxM50 Bmiry +e 60
emergent was

oenou
=

Bair= ix(
egz
-
Fund e & deviation
·

suffered by way.
- . .

60h
cidter u 53
=

s ESOon
a
 concept of apparent depth. -

(Near normal
E
observer.
C d = real deterings
normal 0: actual position of
aiv u 1 =

object
*T 0: apparent
boundary
Ewate
->

T
-
d
-

-
ol -
l
of
position of ofjett
(virtual image
real object
I
of
apparent
-
- . .

-
* da: depth
-

. . . .

x-
⑨

I
x

I
N
fami=
da 8

d
- four:
o
i

Hai a
-

equii: Mir

m=1 u
-
O
0: smell
small angle approximation:enio-or famo -

=>
iii. = deat
Mowls; eg = 1.5: Mail Idacd
 (b)(i)
H12
H+
T
-
-
*

↓ liiy
H+
3H/2
-

carrETH MEEEE
u
-

Inte
-

+MH+H

j-
# -
31 MH -
nutarch
+

uHtH E-
-

F
FE =
1 +MH h ↑
④ apparent
position
- -
-
hi
- Ob)ect
Apparent flight

oin
h veal
=

height
hiapparent "
#

u
hav uh
=

T
object appears raised
-