one

nairaoet
0F

o u td o r
2.2.5
month
intere
Rh I I 1
ph-s
ph
y)I
-

batches
=>
are

tests: -
OPhase test
reshuffled

② weekly praction test couir)

③ Monthly tests C <M+)

⑭ AlITS
⑤ ATS

⑧ 9) ocifive -> individual

student
7

attention
 F icl ics:
# -

① Reflection of light:-

(i) Incident reflected way and

way,
normal at point of vicidence all lie
the same plane.
(i) <i= < 2 normal reflected
vicident ray
angles are ray
2
T

measured from -S
i
-

retirin
-
normal
·

parallel
beam of
"Point of vicidenc

lightX , a
I
I
I
-
-

surfac
regular reflection
<in regularities
I f on the we face
this does it
T
T
* mean
laws of reflection
vvv T
of light are not valid

in
regular reflection -some
c diffuse reflection)
 =

- -
-

-
<No reflections
-
C

(reflect)
-

E
-

I
parted
Y ↓ lace
reflecting
urfac

image (virtua

oojEEEEEEEE
image)
d
which car not be
offavied on screen

Marcate
*

O I can see

do
*

in
the object
directly
# E can see the
⑳ wiage also
the
of view of
E: can be
Field
object
can't see of ject as well
the
emap
as rap
view of object
I
field
O
person with uniform
-
o
moving

entrE E E E E E E E
velocity's Fund time
spar during which
observes can see cage of
object in the mirror C
~

Total distance = 31
if
t
It
=
L

Acs.-

-
-
O Ayuch: 31/U
c-
⑧ Abhisheh Llu
I
- 3
-I -
&

11 -

vivay
sale
. .

ar t - -
③ Mcheth
#
-
-
+12 pragat
=
-
ayum.
Tr acurag
8
-

A if object & observe with

change position &
observer with 'n' Fuid
now is
moving
have iteral duning which obsuve sees
in age of object in the mirror

t =
v
U
 M2

Cur icanE E E E E so cmi esa

0 =450

·
2
#

:
& -

In
potention
a directreflection)
IR Se indirect
reflection
F12: image of I, is M2

""Iz mi MI
Ex:
Total no.f eriages formed here :
angular position measured
a 135
=

i from the x-axis anti-

f 0=45'clockwise
I2 O
O · direction

-100
1
=

- X aMS

50
O ·
F1 0 3150
=

22
0= #
12 ar

Fr
 0: Fuid (i) No of images Br
M2 (ii) angular positions -
150
-
~ ->
a10
=
150% ~

0 330,
-
->
I
00 = 30%

ETa-
It
-
on

30
I, , M1

O
, , ==
F
↑ =

=--- ....
-

a6
a - ~ 60

FrToO - -
O

It
0 = 330
-

~
#

no
&
-
~

270
-
-

single wage
optical chadow region.

ENEEen
M2
No.
of images

Rober
M2 E
angular
positious
=

a= ·

-
2
-

F
·

.....
In 0 338:
=

FME
D

aUs
mages
5
 ⑭IV. M272:

=
-

Po 66
&

ozc

⑤
d

·
-

.
⑱
252 Verma
c.
Ho
- -
ph-Q chapte
①

3
Vectors
⑧ Kuiematics
③ News of motion
④ basic mathematics.
 Image formed by a plain mirror:
(Real object)
-

f O
① plain

i
&

Mirror from
rev
virtual
.
↑

wage of M
real object ↑ (( ( ( I) (((((((((
-

·
Image
② realimage
(virtual)
virtual object -

I
I
③ ~
-
L
7
~

G I ⑧
virtual

DEE
=
~
Or
object
~

I
3
I
It real
=
image

③ Extended objects: -

...FEET
object wiage

④ six of criage is same as six of object

④ Orientation of image is upright with latel
riversion
 M

e. =
=-parallel
=
to Mr

=z
CO
1111111121217
M2

Faid angle o so that light

ray retraces
its path upon reflection from th minors - .

0 =90X

·
=
I
E
-
(((((( M2
E
normal vicidence
(ii) I
O
- vay retrace
=>

I
path

1aYR
90-0. I its

warn misonl
/
Ye
Normally. -
H

-
I
ray hits Me
2(90 -

0) =90%
angle fw H & x 900
..UT
=
-

&190-0) = 90 -

0 = 45-- (iii) 0 = 300

 adntis
1, I / /
reflect

(((
#
I ((((L
S

,
-

Y S
2
I
&
-

#11

if ray retrace its path, it follows the

same path offer reflection which it followed
before reflection.

eg. 0 =60;L = 2d A
An observe is
walking along the all
luie ABC to MoP)
Grid
vi
length of path along
which he can see the
image of the object in
mirror
A

mEFFE
ad->O LP

-- 2d -

B
 ErwdE
Ans:

j
base= cosso
-
=I
hp
base: d

o N

2d

·
M
I

fea 30: 1
d

dz p-
=

t
.. O

⑳(3 &1
Name fac60 =
1,
ad

(050-
30

Normed -
p-ard
⑭
f
A +
rd + 2B

-
Th
 M1 A
=
Frid length of path
side AB on
AE
on

which a images
of point object

T
o

can be seen
M I
D
=

of assume Mall & Moe

Y large wars
are

dus:
-
M2 Alo BN
E
ST
Az
d *

(art)

3 thi
*

.......qc
N

75

I
-

-
-
-

Be
 reflected
T normal
30 15
8/15
=
= I Ricident
75
E -

place of
spherical mirrors! -

aperture

<- &&
I

R xE
E
TEE
*

reflecting
side diameter of
I
convex
mirror
aparque reflecting
side
I concare
R: radius
of mirror
curvature -
-
cp R
=

principal

o (E
axis.

center gonCon of mirror.

o
*
C
N

T
Eapeerresent
I
place
L
o

2 -

D 3 -
D
 ivsAi
incident ray
L normal
si

AO
C E

Fuid distance PF =

given
radius
d
-

cunature
AF=CO: Ac : <p =
R of
answernitems
saiai:
tr of Y&R only
nOAA'c
At
ai

lotion
c
=

t
=

sinity
-
FP cp=

-
CF = R -

ET
-

FP = R - -

-T

=>

FR2 nE.)
=x-
=

viNAA'C

write
or
cosi-
mii + cos-=
cosi= 1
1

Suli
general
expression

orcosi:
AFT
 sai(A+B) Shi
=

AcOSB+COSA GiB

sai (CA) = 2SUA COSA

My
C a E-

c5)
⑪ FP =
n(1-

y- uparble to

at I
y- small compa
vi

R rison to R
sigma small
cnegligibly
rp =

r n(1-
)
=

=
Marginal ways
=
rP =
R12

EEEE
these rays

&
&
=>

are

close to PA
para-axial rays.
=>

I mirror
assume aperture
-

-
to be wall
↑
197
 image formation: -

Rules: -

convex mirror
concert mirror

·E
= I -

T
x
-

-
x
-

F
-
2 ⑫ =
-

⑫
-

E.
x

L
E
-
-

c
-

- - &

-
-

-
-

-
-
~

- -
-
-

③ ~ ③ T

C =

E
·

>
-

E
-

-
-
-
-

= -

E
⑭
-

3.
i v

E
=

-
-

-T
 mirror formula:
+
↑ =
1 :m
hw
=

object distance from

Pole of
u =

x = image 1, i

7: focel length
all values are put with proper sign
convention.

sign convention: -

① all distances are measured from pole of

mirror

② direction of incident way is taken as the

vicident ray fc0

= + ve

*F C
- - -

pi
=
-
+Ve

E
-
-

f-vl
~ve

vicidentay f>0

S
= -

-> + ve
↑
.
- tre

2 -

ve