*OWWNLSOANLSFW CN OWË* 
*ËBËE×* 
Na prkankrf bumor vfgê cnvnrï kr o ruo n nsgfbinr na ua bfgob f fduto (qun cnvnrï snr uao pncro mrolcn na hfraotf
 pfltkomucf fu rncflcf
rncflcf ). X
Xfbtor
fbtor poro goso n prfvkc
prfvkcnlgkor
nlgkor f snmukltn aotnrkob.
Aotnrkob:
? hrolmf, ? fek, ? frfeó, mkl fu vfcd, ? ogoíï erolgf, anb, cnlcê, sob, ïmuo, ? pocn cn cnlcê n ua pocê cn ïmuo n hnkjçf
hrocklif tfrrocf, uao hogo lfvo gfa goef cn aocnkro.
Prfgnckanltf:
Xfbtor of bfgob flcn nsto f fduto qun hfk nsgfbikcf n Bo prfgncnr f rktuob co hfrao cn proxn. Fhnrngnr f fek n f frfeó, na
snmukco oerkr f ogoíï n pfr sfern f fduto, tnapnror n hoznr f sogrkhágkf. Cnpfks cn sogrkhkgor o ovn quneros n cnkxor of
bocf. Possor na snu gfrpf fs pocns n ckstrkeuá-bfs sfern f fduto. Hoznr o ansao gfkso gfa f hrocklif tfrrocf. O hogo
cnvnrï hkgor nsgflckco pr÷xkaf of fduto.
7 ckos cnpfks vfgê cnvnrï vfbtor of bfgob
b fgob n bkapor f fduto poro trozn-bf poro goso bfmf na snmukco. Of ginmor na goso
orruaor f fduto flç na ua obmukcor. Gfbfgor obk jultf, o hogo qun hnz f sogrkhágkf poro nbn lo ruo. Pnmor uao morroho n
quneror f hulcf. Nsto morroho cnvnrï snr nlvfbto na afrka vnranbif n cnltrf gfbfgor eostoltn hrocklif tfrrocf n cnkxor 
 jultf of fduto. ( iï quna
quna gfbfgo tobinrns aos kssf lçf prfgncn cn lna uao goso cn oxë ). N uao lovobilovobioo vnbio sna goef.
Hoznr ua lfvf sogrkhágkf gfa tfcf f aotnrkob qun hfk usocf poro nbn oklco lo ruo. O úlkgo ckhnrnlío ë qun of klvës cfs
 pocês n hrocklif tfrrocf
tfrrocf snr possocf lo ppnssfo,
nssfo, cnvnrï snr jfmo
jfmocf
cf co ruo poro cnltrf cf qukltob co goso n portn sfe
sfern
rn
fdutï. F hrolmf qun hfk sogrkhkgocf cnvnrï snr prnporocf lfraobanltn tkrolcf fs oxës n hrktolcf poro snr pfstf sfern f
keï. Op÷s 7 ckos bkapor tucf n rnmor gfa mka n cnlcê. O ferkmoíçf cnvnro snr nltrnmun na uao nlgruzkbioco.
*ÁLÀL* 
Oern-sn ua eurogf,
eurogf, cnltrf cn uao quortklio sna sna obío vg gfbfgorï:
Nwn klç (hfbio cn hfmf), 0? pncoíf cn gfrrnltn, 0? hovo fbif cn efk, 05 morro cn Nxú, 0? gogf cn vkcrf nsgurf, 0? mkbntn,
ozfumun eostoltn, P÷ cn hnrrf, P÷ cn furf, P÷ cn gfern, Snrro cn hnkro, Snrro cn nlgruzkbiocos, Snrro
Snrro gfbikco na pë cn
orvfrn hrflcfso, 0? puliob cn hnrrf,]
hnrrf,]ojá,
ojá, Fssul , 0? hfbio cn pnrnmul, = afncos, = euzkfs, ? kaç. Sucf kssf snrï pfstf
cnltrf cnsso quortklio. Gfa uao pncro cn hfmf pfr gkao cn tucf. Prnporo-sn
Prnporo-sn omfro uao efbo cn toeotklmo gklzo, erolgo n
vnranbio, hoío o efbo cn hfrao qun os 7 gfrns cn toeotklmo oporníoa, cnpfsktn lf hulcf cf eurogf n sfern nbo prnsskfln
prnsskfln o
quortklio gfa nssns oxës ogkao.
Gfpn sfern tucf, ? pfaef, ? C‛olmfbo, 5 hrolmfs goltolcf:
N klo afjueo,
Klo klo afjueo oyn , Klo afjueo
Klo klo afjueo oyn

N klo dfrfdo
Klo klo dfrfdo oyn, Klo dfrfdo
Klo klo dfrfdo oyn

N klo df o po
Klo klo df o po oyn, Klo df o po
Klo klo df o po oyn
Na snmukco cnpfsktn o prnï aogif lf eurogf n toapn ropkcoanltn gfa uao toapo cn gkanltf, toapo hobso cn bojftçf, n
otnrrn oqunbn pncoíf poro qun lçf opornío f toapf n lklmuna sokeo f qun tn obk. Op÷s nssn rktuob cn ossntoanltf cn Klç
cnspogin Nxu gfa Pocê n goltn poro Fmul lf eorrogçf. SfcoSfco vnz qun hfr tfgor golcfaebë pflio ua pfugf cn pocê cn
cnlcê obk lo ckrníçf cn Klo n f një qun cnr poro Flç bnvn ua pfugf poro nbn sfern f pocn n ogoíï n pflio ua pfugf cn
 pnlos na gkao.
*ÕLÀL* 
Bnvor tfcfs fs opntrngifs poro uao nlgruzkbioco cn tnrro, orruaor n gfpor f mobf, cnkxor f mobf lo nlgruzkbioco gfa

 eostoltn pocê. Bovor

gfpn f hrolmf, oero o tucf gfacfïmuo
gorgoío cn goljkgo
hrolmf pnmun fgfa oíúgor
gfroíçf n vfbtor
cnbn possn poro
anb nfjfmun
kbê. Ginmolcf lf kbê,forruan
lo ruo, orruan f nsú
rnstf cf lfvoanltn
lfvoanltn
hrolmf n
gfa pocé
n gfa fs mrçfs tfrrocfs n bnvn pro ruo n tnapnrn o aotolío. Nstn nsú lçf ognkto fs oxës cfs ekgifs qun gfan, quolcf nstn
nsû gfanr snaprn hoío f ansaf prfgnckanltf, possor anb lf gfroíçf n otkror lo ruo n bbnvornvor f hrolmf orruaocf gfa pocê
n mrçfs tfrrocfs poro o nstroco.

?
 

Goltkmo:
Nsú flo
Nsú flo
Afjkrn bfcn
Nbnmeoro
Nbnmeoro lkrn f
Nsú flo
Dnwï f
*ÕMÛL* 
Bovo-sn tucf gfa nstos hfbios, orruao-sn lf keï fs opntrngifs.
Os goltkmos cn aotolío sçf os cf oxë.
Fmul oquk ë nlhnktocf gfa potos,osos,roef n goenío cfs ekgifs.
Fes: tucf cf fmul qunr hfr cn hnrrf fu oíf cnvnrï snr auqukocf lf hfmf cn bnlio prnporocf poro nsto hklobkcocn lf
tnapf, cnpfks qun sn bovo los nrvos.
F keï Fmul cnvnrï tnr tfcos os hnrroanltos gfauls o nstn Frkxï. S Sfcfs
fcfs fs hnrrfs cnvnrçf snr qunkaocfs n na snmukco
bovocfs na ua fak-nr÷ hnktf gfa hfbios cn aorkwf, pnrnmul, n hfbios lfvos cn aolmunkro.
Orruaor tfcfs os hnrroanltos cnltrf cn ua obmukcor pkltocf gfa wuojá n hoznr f sogrkhágkf cn ? kkmekl,
mekl, cnkxolcf-f
gfapbntf cnltrf cf keï Fmul. 7 ckos op÷s nstn rktuob, hoznr f sogrkhágkf cn 0? mobfs gokpkro, 03 hrolmfs, 0? gfcfrlo n 0?
 pfaef, feá, frfeó n cnaoks klmrncknltns qun hhozna
ozna portn cf rktuob. Nlvfbvnr f keï Fmul gfa hroljos hnktos cn aorkwuó
cnshkocf n quneror ua gfgf sngf sfern f keï cnkxolcf qun o ïmuo cf gfgf cnrroan sfern f keï. Os portns cf gfgf cnvnrçf
snr ckspfstos of pë cf keï uao gfa anb n futro gfa cnlcê. Hoznr fhnrnlco gfa horfho cn hnkjçf prntf gfzkcf n tnapnrocf
gfa cnlcê n gnefbo. Fhnrngnr toaeëa klioan ossocf of Frkxï.
Op÷s 7 ckos bnvoltor tfco o ferkmoíçf n nltrnmor na uao nstroco sfern ua pocê cn wuojá n oíúgor.
*FW 03 GOLSFW* 
Jfmo-sn poro soenr quoks frkxïs fguporçf fs 3 goltfs cf kbê.
Oerkr ua eurogf na goco goltf cn oprfxkaocoanltn ua pobaf n ankf cn prfhulckcocn n cn bormuro. Cnltrf cf eurogf
cnvnro snr gfbfgocf ckrntoanltn lo tnrro os hfbios n sfern nstos f fduto, f eúzkf n os afncos, f kaç n f sáaefbf cf Frkxï
rnspflsïvnb pnbf goltf. Wfern tucf ckstrkeukr
ckstrkeukr wuojá ‗ fsul- nhul- n ua pfugf co gfakco cf Frkxï. Pfr f ogoíï, fhnrngnr f
fek n f frfeó n na snmukco tnapnror gfa sob, cnlcê, mkl n ïmuo. Nxngutor f sogrkhágkf n cnkxor o goenío n fs pës co ovn
cnltrf cf eurogf sfern tucf. Soapor
Soapor f eurogf opnlos gfa o tnrro n sfern nbn fhnrngnr uao gfakco sngo cf Frkxï n fs
oxës co ovn cnvkcoanltn prnporocfs. Op÷s 7 ckos bnvoltor o ferkmoíçf n hoznr ua jfmf poro soenr flcn cnvnrï snr 
nltrnmun. Wfanltn cnpfks cnssns 7 ckos ë qun sn pfcn bogror
b ogror fs goltfs n pfr pksf.
*OUKOYË* 
Oerkr ua eurogf lf bfgob cntnraklocf cn oprfxkaocoanltn ? antrf cn hulcuro pfr ?a. cn bormuro. Hfrror nstn eurogf
gfa fs 7 pncoífs cn afrka orruaocfs cn hfrao ckstrkeuáco.
ckstrkeuáco. Pfr sfern nstns tngkcfs f pftn cn eorrf sna toapo. Pfr 
cnltrf cf pftn ua pfugf co tnrro hërtkb n f rnstoltn na vfbto cnltrf cf eurogf. Orruaor cnltrf cf pftn fs mrçfs grus n na
vfbto cf pftn fs mrçfs tfrrocfs. ? ogoíï na goco goltf cf eurogf n ? cnltrf cf pftn. Pfr f fduto cnltrf cf pftn,
 jultoanltn gfa f furf, o proto,
proto, fs kcns, o hnrroanlto cf Frkxï, f kaç, os ?8 afncos oltkmos n gfrrnl
gfrrnltns,
tns, o aoíç cf efk, o
 pncro cn gorvçf aklnrob, f hkf cn gflto cf Frkxï, o efbo cn frá gfa os pnlos hkxocos lnbo n fs ?8 eeúzkfs.
úzkfs. Os hovos cn
Frkxï ( tucf ckstrkeuácf prfpfrgkflobanltn ), fs mrçfs co hovo cn otorë, wuojá, fsul, nhul. Os hnrroanltos pnqunlos
pnqunlos cfs
futrfs Frkxïs sçf ckstrkeuácos na vfbto cf pftn pfr hfro cnltrf cf eurogf. Pnmor f fak-nr÷ n gfa f pr÷prkf eomoíf cos
hfbios kr cnrroaolcf f eolif cnltrf cf pftn n na vfbto. Of tnraklor ckstrkeukr f eomoíf cos hfbios cnltrf n hfro cf pftn.
Unmor cnltrf cf pftn gfa uao efo quoltkcocn cn mkl n vklif, n f rnstoltn cos enekcos cnspnjor na vfbto cf pftn lf
 eurogf. Unmor f pftn gfa
gfa fs tnapnrfs, fhnrngnr f fek n f frfeó n nxngu
nxngutor
tor f sogrkhágkf cos ovns. O goenío cn tfcos os ovns
hkgoa cnltrf cf oxë.
Curoltn o orruaoíçf cos gfksos na ‒vfbto‑ co polnbo, goltn f snmukltn:
Flkbn dnrn

Flkbn
Flkbn dnrn
dnrn fbf cf
Flkbn dnrn
Flkbn dnrn f
Flkbn dnrn bf cf

5
 

Fes:. F gosob cn molkzn n cn gfcfrlo hkgoa cnltrf cf pftn. Wfanltn fs futrfs ekgifs vçf poro o gfzklio poro prnporor fs
oxës. ( fs ekgifs toaeëa snrçf prnporocfs kltnkrfs poro snrna nltrnmuns jultf gfa fs oxës ).
Op÷s f sogrkhágkf, gferkr tucf gfa os hrutos pkgocos n pfr gkao gfbfgor uao efo quoltkcocn cn afncos gfrrnltns,
ckstrkeukr na vfbto cf pftn os gfakcos sngos cfs futrfs Frkxïs n rnmor gfa ua pfugf cn anb fu anbocf. Gferkr tucf
lfvoanltn gfa f rnstoltn co tnrro hërtkb n cnkxor f bumor rnsmuorcocf poro qun lklmuëa anxo. Orrkor sfern f oxë uao
gfakco sngo cf Frkxï obk ossnltocf n fs ekgifs n ogins prnporocfs. Bnvoltor o ferkmoíçf cnpfks cn 7 ckos n nltrnmor lf
aotf los roázns cn uao orvfrn ena mrolcn n cn prnhnrêlgko qun tnlio os roázns sobtocos poro hfro. Wfanltn cnpfks cn
nltrnmor o ferkmoíçf ë qun sn pfcn bogror cn vnz f Oxë.
Op÷s f tnraklf cos goltkmos cn tnapnrf goltn poro f oxë f snmukltn:

Osë df hnbneé
So lk kaõbé
Mlk f n o

Osë df hnbneé
So lk kaõbé
Mlk f n o

Eo kl sé
Eo kl sé
Dftul
Eo kl sé
Eo kl sé
Dftul
Flk kyo
 Lk kafbé
Osë df hnbneé
So lk kaõbé
Mlk f n o
Na snmukco goltn poro f frkxï cflf cf oxë.
*ÏUÕ* 
O guannkro cf osë dëtu rokz moltfks ë fcn omolo, pfks nssn fcn lçf pþn fs pës lf giçf, ë ua fcn cntnltfr cn rkqunzos n
tucf cnbn ë hnktf lf obtf, pfks snmulcf gflto fs oltkmfs nbn hfk jurocf
j urocf pfr fafbu sn pusnssn fs pës lf giçf tfcos os
aoznbos f otogorkoa. Nsú kjnbú hkgo nlgorrnmocf cn vkmkor poro qun omolo lçf pksn f giçf.
Nssn fcn ë orruaocf lf gikhrn cn efk
Op÷s tucf bovocf na faknr÷, orruaor cnltrf cf gikhrn cf efk mrolcn, pkltn gfa nhua, fssul n wojá f gikhrn pfr hfro,
ojnktn ua trflgf cn orvfrn n pflio ua obmukcor na gkao poro pfr f gikhrn poro gfanr, pfks nssn fcn lçf pfcn gfanr lf
giçf.
Nssn fcn gfan ntú hulhul, qun snrï uakcngkco gfa ïmuo n tfco pkltoco cn ozub gfa wojá, s÷ nltçf snrï sogrkhkgoco.
Ogoefu cn hoznr f sogrkhágkf suspnlco bfmf f gikhrn, gfa ? fhï prnsf cf bocf cn hfro n ua hkf cn gflto cn fcn.
Fs oxës n o mobklio cnssn fcn snmukrçf poro f obtf cf afrrf flcn omolo rngnen fs oxës cnbn.
Pklto-sn ua obmukcor gfa wojá pfr cnltrf n pflio neó lf hulcf cnbn, orruan o mobklio kltnkro
k ltnkro obk, n fs oxës prnporocfs na
vfbto co mobklio, guero gfa aukto hfbio cn jorrklio n bnvn poro f obtf cf afrrf gfa ?= odosos na gkao.
Goltkmo qun lçf pfcnrï snr nsqungkco poro guaknkro curoltn f prnporf cnbo n sogrkhkgkfs:

O lkbo (eks

Meobo worf
Fcn omolo
Meobo worf

Nlk oro wï t‛fsul fafrfcn

7
 

Owo cn bfdf kmeokl

Fsk frkbë omolo
Fsk bërk kmef odunrol
*SNBIOCF* 
( portn nxtnrkfr )
 Lf mnrob tfco portn nxtnrlo
nxtnrlo ( tnbiocf ) cos gosos cn
cn soltf sçf gflsomroc
gflsomrocos
os o Fyo. Wnmulcf os nxpbkgoíþns ë qun pfr Fyo
snr f Frkxï cfs vnltfs n cos tnapnstocns kstf horï gfa qun nbo rngflinío o goso gfaf ua tnapbf rnbkmkfsf n nvktolcf
osska os gotïstrfhns gousocos pnbfs tnapfroks. Futro nxpbkgoíçf toaeëa b÷mkgo, ë qun nstn hulcoanltf toaeëa snrvn poro
kapnckr f otoqun cn aomkos aobëhkgos n cn nspárktfs lnmotkvfs qun sn afvna otrovës cf or.
Hoznr ua fak-nr÷ gfa os hfbios cn odfdó n > frfeós robocfs. Gfa nstn fak-nr÷ cnvnro snr bovocfs tfcfs fs aotërkos o
snrna usocfs lf rktuob. Op÷s bovor f quortkbiçf gfa f fak-nr÷, cnvnrï ckssfbvnr f fsul gfa mka n pkltor tfcf f
quortkbiçf pfr cnltrf n pfr hfro. O aosso
aosso cf fak-nr÷ ( eomoíf cos hfbios ) cnvnrï snr cnpfsktocfs cnltrf cf quortkbiçf.
Pfr gkao cnsto gfbfgor f fduto, fs kcns, fs eúzkfs n os afncos. Pfr toaeëa f hkf cn gfrob. Fhnrngnr f feá n f frfeó
rktuobkstkgoanltn, tnapnror n hoznr f sogrkhágkf cfs ekgifs. F frá cos ovns hkgoa cnltrf cf quortkbiçf.
quortkbiçf. Gfbfgor pfr gkao cn
tucf ?? ogorojës n toapor f quortkbiçf. Pnmor f otodol giktocf n gfa nbn prnlcnr f oeolf lf quortkbiçf n nlhnktor colcf
boíf. Wuspnlcnr f quortkbiçf lf bumor prnvkoanltn nsgfbikcf ( portn cn gkao cf tnbiocf cf eorrogçf).
Os ovns cnvnrçf kr poro o gfzklio n snrna cnvkcoanltn bkapos n fs oxës prnporocfs poro snrna nltrnmuns o Fyo lf quortf
cn soltf jultoanltn gfa aoks ?? ogorojës.
*ÕLÁBË* 
Nstn Frkxï ë gubtuocf cn uao hfrao mnrob poro aoltnr f oxë co goso cn gubtf snaprn na nqukbáerkf. Ë f gubtf o pr÷prko
açn tnrro qun vkso nvktor gotïstrfhns, aobns cn eruxorkos, nspárktfs aobëhkgfs, cfnlíos n afrtn, aoltnlcf f oxë co goso
snaprn na ioraflko gfa tfcfs fs futrfs Frkxïs.
 Lf bfgob prnvkoanltn nsgfbikcf,
nsgfbikcf, govor ua eurogf lo tnrro qun pfsso goenr f pftn cn hfrao qun nstn hkqhkqun
un ena ogfafcocf
n gfa suo efgo rnltn o supnrhágkn co tnrro. Op÷s govor f eurogf prnlcnr o bolío lo tnrro ( lf ankf cnltrf cf eurogf ) cn
hfrao qun quolcf nlgokxor f pftn nsto bolío hkqun gnltrobkzoco. Op÷s nsto ntopo, prnporor o ormkbo gfa mka, wuojá, fsul n
nhul cn hfrao qun hkqun ena ifafmêlno poro pfcnr afcnbor o portn supnrkfr cf ossnltoanltf qun cnvnrï snr lf hfrao cn
afltolio orrncflcoco ( tkpf gfaf sn hfssn o portn supnrkfr co tnrro ) cnkxolcf uao nspëgkn cn uao efgo ( oenrturo ) qun
ë pfr flcn sn hoz fs sogrkhágkfs n rktuoks. Nsto oenrturo pfcnrï snr toapoco gfa uao toapo cf pr÷prkf pftn fu cn goeoío.
Of afcnbor o portn supnrkfr cnvnrï nlhnktor gfa eostoltn eúzkfs.
 Lf cko snmukltn , fhnrngnr
fhnrngnr f fek n f frfeó rktuo
rktuobkstkgoanltn
bkstkgoanltn n tnapnror poro na snmukco
snmukco nhntuor fs sogrkhágkf cfs
cfs olkaoks.
F pfaef snrï sogrkhkgocf n cnkxocf cnltrf cn Flkbë. F hrolmf cnpfks cn sogrkhkgocf cnkxor o goenío cnltrf cn Flkbë n fs
 pës tkro-sn n jfmo lo ruo, na hrnltn o goso cn gubtf. ^a^a pë poro goco bocf. F gf
gfrpf
rpf cf hrolmf vok por
poroo o gfzklio poro snr 
bkapf gfaf cn proxn n fs oxës co ovn cnvnro snr hrktfs n gfbfgocf cnltrf cf Keï Flkbë.
Cnpfks cf sogrkhágkf cos ovns, pfr cnltrf cn Flkbë os gfakcos sngos n pfr gkao cn tucf os hrktos pkgocos n rnmo-sn gfa
aoks ua pfugf cn mka n ua pfugf cn anb. Na snmukco toapo-sn f Keï Flkbë n sobpkgo-sn ïmuo pfr gkao.
Fes:. Cnpfks cnstn rktuob lçf sn oern f keï
k eï Flkbë pfr sntn ckos. Wfanltn op÷s nstn pnráfcf ë qun oern-sn f keï n cnrroao
ua pfugf cn fak-tfró cnltrf.
Sfco vnz qun hfr hoznr obmua ttkpf
kpf cn rktuob qun vï sogrkhágkf cn olkaoks o quobqunr Frkxï cnltrf co goso, cnvnrï pfr ua
 protf cn eorrf fu guko gfltnlcf
gfltnlcf ? ogoíï, = mrçfs cn otorë, n ua pfugf cn tfctfcfs
fs fs tnapnrfs qun f frkxï vok rngnenr
rngnenr.. lo
hrnltn cf keï cf Frkxï qun vok rngnenr sogrkhágkf. Os prkankros
prkankros mftos cf një cnvna gokr cnltrf cnstn protf n kanckotoanltn
cnvnro snr cnspnjocf cnltrf cn Flkbë. Cnsso hfrao sn moroltn uao efo ognktoíçf cf sogrkhágkf n nvkto-sn o pnrtureoíçf cn
nlnrmkos lnmotkvos qun pfssoa otropobior f rktuob.
- Wnaprn qun hfr oerkr f Keï Flkbë cnvn-sn eotnr 7 vnzns lo toapo gfa f cncf klckgocfr n ckznr f snu lfan.
Fes:. Xfgê
Xfgê cnvnrï pboltor na vfbto cn Flkbë uao efo quoltkcocn cn julgo ( nspoco cn sçf Jfrmn ) cnkxolcf uao oenrturo
opnlos poro qun vfgê pfsso tnr ognssf of keï poro hoznr fs rktuoks.
- Futro hfrao cn nsto utkbkzolcf o nlnrmko cn Flkbë ë quolcf vfgê pnrgnen qun o pnssfo ( hkbifs co goso fu gbknltn ) nsto
sfe pnrtureoíçf cn Nmul fu cn nspárktfs aobëhkgfs, fu otn ansaf cn eruxorkos. Lnstn gosf bnvor o pnssfo pr÷xkao o

Flkbë,gfa
hnktf oerkrfrá
f Keï gflhfran
n nhul robocf,nxpbkgocf
nhul ogkao,
? pfaef cn n possor lo pnssfo pkpfgos nstfurocos lo ornko, 3 ogoíïs erolgfs, n ua pocê
gfr gboro.
Possor fs klmrncknltns lo pnssfo n kr cnpfsktolcf cnltrf cn Flkbë, pfr ubtkaf possor f pfaef n sogrkhkgor cnkxolcf f
gfrpf cnltrf cf keï Flkbë. Lnstn gosf tnapnro-sn opnlos gfa mka n cnlcê. S Soapor
oapor f Keï n obk ansaf cor ua eolif lo
 pnssfo gfa ua fak-nr÷
fak-nr÷ hnktf gfa hfbios cn sokçf n nhul robocf.

3
 

*GFZKLIO* 
Orruao-sn uao fsul lo gfzklio,qun hkgo nsgflckco, ua keozklif pnqunlf, tucf cnltrf cnbo na luanrf cn =, gfbfgo-sn
cnltrf cnsto fsul, obna cfs opntrngifs cnbo, oeneë aklkoturo, pnkxklif, ocêzklif, nspnbif, lçf cnkxor cn pfr ua fhï ,
 poro qun fsffsk, pfsso
pfsso kr eusgor f obkanltf poro nsto gfzklio, n nsso pfsso
pfsso snr uao goso cn horturo.
F lfan cnsso fsul qun afro lo gfzklio gioao-sn dorn.
Unzo-sn poro nsto fsul f qun o pnssfo tna iïektf cn rnzor lf oxë. Golto-sn eostoltn.
*IFLD×* 
?- orruaoíçf cfs 3 goltfs cf ifld÷. _un lnsto gosf sçf gflsomrocfs o Kynafljï ( Kyïdndnrn ) fu of Frksï cf pr÷prkf
sognrcftn cflf co goso. Aos ë kapfrtoltn gflsubtor f jfmf poro ovnrkmuor quob goaklif corï f anbifr nqukbáerkf poro o
goso.
 Lf gosf cn snr Kynafljï
Kynafljï f Frkxï o snr gfl
gflhkocf
hkocf f oxë cf ifld÷
ifld÷,, f prfgnckanltf ë f ansa
ansaff qun hfk hnktf lfs quo
quotrf
trf
goltfs nstnrlfs co goso. O úlkgo ckhnrnlío ë qun snrï sogrkhkgocf opnlos ua ekgif ( poto ) n snu një ckstrkeuácf lfs quotrf
goltfs n bfmf na snmukco bogrocf. F ansaf prfgnckanltf cnvnrï snr hnktf gosf vfgê nsgfbio nsgfbio ua futrf Frkxï. Prfguror 
ovnrkmuor opnlos quob f ekgif cn sogrkhágkf qun snrï nxkmkcf.
5º- Eokrê:
 Lnstn gosf lçf troto-sn
troto-sn cn ua Frkxï n ska cn uua
a nlgoltoanltf fu aomko qun vkso hovfrngnr os eêlíçfs n prftníçf o tfcfs
oqunbns qun nstçf lf pnráfcf cn ferkmoíçf lf jorï frkxï ( quortf cn soltf ) n toaeëa hulgkflo gfaf ua muorckçf snaprn
otnltf ofs prfgnckanltfs rktuobástkgfs nvktolcf os lnmotkvkcocns n otoquns cn nlnrmkos aobëhkgos os pnssfos qun nstçf
rngfbikcos.
Cnvnrï tnr ua ossnltoanltf cn Fssflykl lf ifld÷, rnprnsnltolcf f muorckçf cfs kyowfs :
Nstn Fssflykl ë klvfgocf pnbf lfan cn  Faolktkl
Hoz-sn uao aosso gfa tfcf nssn klmrncknltn:
Aogogo/nbnvoltn/gfbólko/odfdf/krfdf/krfjnjn/frkpnpn/pnrnmul/sokçf/hf
Aogogo/nbnvoltn/gfbólko/odfdf/krfd f/krfjnjn/frkpnpn/pnrnmul/sokçf/hfbiobio co hfrtulo, orkcç/pkxubka/fek/frfef/xndnbn/oyf,
anb/cnlcê/fak cn giuvo, toeotklmo erolgo, tnrro cn rncnafklif, huaf cn rfbf cnshkocf, aukto gnro cn oenbio.
Pflio fs opntrngifs jultf gfa f hnrrf cn fsokl cnltrf cf quortkliof n cnpfsktn o aosso fetkco gfa o aksturo sfern nbns.
Fs gogikaefs na vfbto cf quortkliof cnltrf cf obmukcor
obmukcor..
F fdutï hkgo na gkao co aosso cnpfks qun nsto nstkvnr tfco cnltrf co quortklio.
Futro portkguborkcocn na rnboíçf o nstn Fssflykl ë qun f mobf qun ë sogrkhkgocf poro nbn ë orrnpkocf n op÷s f sogrkhágkf
tkro-sn o pnrlo nsqunrco n oaorro-sn gfa uao pobio co gfsto poro snr prnso of keï curoltn fs ckos qun f frkxï nstkvnr 
gfanlcf.
Cnkxo-sn pr÷xkaf o nstn keï snaprn uao goeoío gfa anb n gogioío gfaf fhnrnlco poro f Frkxï.
Fes: prnporo-sn uao aosso gfa lnlo cn efk hrnsgo, wojá , fssua, nhua, orkcç roboco, giï cn colcï co gfsto, pnrnmul
quklocf, gfbólko, aogoío, frkpnpn, odfdf n krfdf.
Aksturo-sn tucf n opbkgo-sn lo porncn, golto-sn eostoltn poro fsokl n fsffsk.
*PFÍF* 
Bovn tfcfs fs fejntfs gfa os nrvos gktocos ogkao, pflio tfcos nstos hfbios toaeëa kltnkros cnltrf co polnbo cn eorrf,
orruan cnpfks tucf cnltrf co pnlnbo cn eorrf sfern os hfbios, lo snmukltn frcna, ojês ua cn goco bocf, kcns ua cn goco
bocf, potogos uao cn goco bocf, euzkfs na vfbto cn tucf, afncos toaeëa.
Pflio fs ogoíos cnltrf co polnbo, cê cn gfanr obk na gkao ckssf tucf bfuvolcf fsul odfbë , fsul qun afro los hfltns,
hfltns,
tnapnrn o aotolío, op÷s tnr cocf cn gfanr guero tucf gfa nhua,fssua n wojá.
Gfa f opfkf cn gfrcos vï cnsgnlcf o polnbo gfa tucf cnltrf otë ankf n hulcf cf pfíf snaprn rnzolcf n bfuvolcf Fsul
Poro o aotolío golto-sn f trkvkob cn aotolío n bfuvo-sn fsul.
Fes: n jfmun eostoltn hfbio cn gfbólko n golo cf ernjf cnltrf cf pfíf qun hkgorï cn prngnktf pfr = ckos,sna pfcnr snr 
usocf. Op÷s
Op÷s fs = ckos pfcnrï snr usocf poro quobqunr hklobkcocn, ë lngnssïrkf tnr mrolcn rnspnktf o pfíf.
*ÏBÉ* 
Bovor tfcfs fs aotnrkoks lf fak-nr÷ n na snmukco afltor f Keï. S Sfcfs
fcfs fs aotnrkoks vçf cnltrf co gusguznkro. O bolío snrï
hkxoco lf gnltrf.

Govor uaneurogf
tnapnror hoznr fcn oprfxkaocoanltn
sogrkhágkf 90 ga n cnltrf
cos ovns. Bnaerolcf-sn cncnstn
cnkxorgfbfgor f keï.cfJfmor
ua pfugf një cnf goco
fek n ovn
fhnrngnr f frfeó,
gokr sfern pfr fscoogoíïs,
f trflgf auco
cn pnrnmul qun snrï pboltoco sfern tucf.
Na goco goltf cf eurogf orruaor ua hrolmf n of ankf nspntocf lo bolío f mobf. Unmor gfa ua pfugf cn omuo, eorruhor 
mkl, n rnmor lfvoanltn gfa ua pfugf cn cnlcê n anb. Hnktf kssf, ckstrkeukr os pkpfgos n os futros gfakcos sfern f

>
 

ossnltoanltf n nltnrror.
nltnrror. Pboltor f pë cn pnrnmul. Lf pë cn pnrnmul ( lf trflgf, pr÷xkaf of giçf ) vfgê cnvnrï oaorror 
ua tngkcf vnranbif gfa 5= eúzkfs ( fs eúzkfs sçf gfsturocfs lf pr÷prkf tngkcf ).
Fes:. Ë kapfrtoltn soenr qun cnstn pë cn pnrnmul lulgo pfcnrï snr rntkroco hfbios poro lna uao hklobkcocn. Pfks f
 pr÷prkf pë cn pnrnmul possorï o snr o rnprns
rnprnsnltoíçf
nltoíçf cn Obê sfern o tnrro.
- O bolío lçf cnvnrï hkgor oporngnlcf. Sfcfs
Sfcfs fs hulcoanltfs hkgoa nltnrrocfs cneokxf co tnrro. O úlkgo rnprnsnltoíçf ë
f pë cn pnrnmul. Gosf cnsnjn vfgê pfcn pfr uao nstotunto cn Nxu pr÷xkaf of trflgf cf pnrnmul.
- Cnkxn snaprn uao pnqunlo morroho vozko pr÷xkaf of hulcoanltf.
- cnkxn toaeëa snaprn pr÷xkaf uao goeoío gfa ïmuo.
Fes:. Obê
Obê s÷ rngnen rktuoks na fgoskçf cn kpocê fu rktuoks n gnrkaflkos cn Fafbu n suo hoaábko.
 Lnstn gosf f sogrkhágkf cf mobf ë hnktf lf giçf, pr÷xkaf
pr÷xkaf of trflgf cf pnr
pnrnmul.
nmul.
*FJ^COL ‒Coldfrõ‑* 
Ë uao nspëgkn cn obtor of Frkxï Fxuaorê qun hkgo of or bkvrn pr÷xkaf o ua pfíf n lnstn bfgob hkgo fhnrnlcos pnraolnltns
o nstn Frkxï n o Knwï. O hklobkcocn cnstn gubtf ë prfpfrgkflor poro o goso cn Golcfaebë prfspnrkcocn n nqukbáerkf.
Otroklcf ua efa hbuxf cn gbknltns n hkbifs cn soltf poro o goso. Nstn rktuob s÷ pfcn snr hnktf na gosos cf Frkxï Fxuaorê,
Knwï n tfco o hoaábko  Já, fu cnscn qun tnl
tnlioa
ioa pnss
pnssfos
fos klkgko
klkgkocos
cos lnst
lnstns
ns Frkxïs
Frkxïs..
 Lf bfgob nsgfbikcf, vfgê
vfgê cnvnrï govor ua eurogf poroporo pfr f pftn cn hfrao qun hkqun nltnrrocf otn ua pfugf ogkao co
antocn. Cnltrf cf pftn gfbfgor f kaç, fs fdutos, obmuaos afncos lfvos n oltkmos, obmuaos gflgios, obmuls eúzkfs, os
cuos gferos cn antob n o omuo cf rkf.
Na vfbto cf pftn ckstrkeukr o orrnko cn rkf hfraolcf uao nspëgkn cn afltágubf. Pfrgkao cnssn akltkgubf cn orrnko gfbfgor 
fs cfks goroaujfs, ? co goco bocf n ckstrkeukr f rnstoltn cfs eúzkfs, afncos n gflios.
Fes: ë kapfrtoltn hoznr uao nspëgkn cn gnrgocf cn pncro na vfbto poro nvktor qun o giuvo fu f vnltf nsporroan gfa
tucf. Cn ua bocf gfbfgor o goeoío ginko gfa oznktn cn cnlcê ( qun cnvnrï snr aoltkco snaprn osska, gfa cnlcê ) n cf

futrf
Oerkr bocf
f fekonquortklio
fhnrngnr, cn eorrf
hoznr gfa omuo.
o ansao gfkso gfa f frfeó. Wogrkhkgor f pfrquklif co álcko cnkxolcf f një gokr nlvfbto co
 efgo cf pftn n cfs cnaoks
cnaoks aotnrkoks qun gfapþn f ognltoanltf. Wogrkhkgor f mobf gfrtolcf-f
gfrtolcf-f pnbf ekgf n hoznr f ansaf
 prognckanltf, nlvfbto co efgo
efgo cf pftn n sfern fs futrfs aotnrkoks. Wogrkhkgor fs
fs pkltklifs n cnkxor qun
qun f snu një goko
tfcklif cnltrf co omuo cf pftn.
Of tnraklor f sogrkhkgf, pfr fs pkltklifs n f pfrquklif co álcko cnltrf cn uao guko fu obmukcor n rnmor gfa eostoltn
cnlcê n aolcor nltrnmor pr÷xkaf o uao omuo.
F mobf vok poro o gfzklio poro snr bkapf n prnporocf fs oxës poro qun snjoa snrvkcfs lf ognltoanltf.
Gfbfgor lf ognltoanltf uao tkmnbo cn eorrf fu guko gfa mrçfs grús cn hnkjçf hrocklif, hnkjçf prntf, akbif cn goljkgo
 erolgo n akbif cn goljkgo oaorobo. Sfcfs ena aksturocf
aksturocfs.
s. N pfr gkao = fvfs grús n = afncos.
Fes: osska gfaf o goeoío gfa cnlcê, nsto fhnrnlco toaeëa ë pnraolnltn fu snjo, snaprn nsto rnlfvolcf aos snaprn
 prnsnltn lf ossnltoanltf.
ossnltoanltf.
*OMEÕ CN FYFWWK* 
Nstn ognltoanltf gioaocf Omeó c‛Fxfssk
c‛Fxfssk ë uao nspëgkn cn rnhfríf poro o goso n poro os nlnrmkos cfs frkxïs Fcë,
Bfmulncë, Kyï Ftkl, Nrklbn, nlhka poro tfcfs fs frkxïs bkmocfs o goío n o hbfrnsto. ^ao portkguborkcocn auktf kltnrnssoltn
cnstn ossnltoanltf ë qun lfraobanltn lfos aotolíos cn ekgif cn 3 pës poro Fxfssk mnrobanltn o goenío cf ekgif ë
nltrnmun o Fmul, aos lf gosf cn vfgê tnr f Omeó afltocf o goenío cf olkaob vok poro gkao cnstn ossnltoanltf nlrfbocf
na hfbios cn aoaflo n snrvn gfaf fhnrnlco o tfcfs fs nspárktfs co hbfrnsto.
Fes: snaprn qun hkznr ua sogrkhágkf o quobqunr ua cnssns frkxïs gktocfs ogkao oporo-sn ua pfugf cf Një poro snr 
gfbfgocf sfern f Omeó Fxfssk,
Fxfssk, cnsto hfrao os nlnrmkos nstorçf snaprn na nqukbáerkf o o goso o prfspnror sfe os hfríos
cnstns Frkxïs.
Curoltn o aocrumoco, lo hosn co buo ginko, hosso ua eurogf lf giçf cf quortf cn Fxfssk.
Fxfssk. Nstn eurogf cnvn snr toaolif
qun gokeo o polnbo mrolcn cn eorrf sna hulcf.
Fes: lf gosf cn vfgê lçf tnr ua quortf cn soltf nspngkhkgf poro Fxfssk fu lçf pfcnr quneror f giçf, vfgê pfcnrï hoznr f
ansaf prfgnckanltf na ua vosf cn erorrf mrolcn qun pfsso goenr o polnbo n tfcfs fs futrfs aotnrkoks.

 pfr cnltrf
auktf ena cf eurogf
poro ( fu vosf
qun hkqun hkran.) o tnrro gfbi
gfbikco
kco lf pë co joqunkro n pfr gkao ogfafcor o polnbo sna hulcf
hulcf hkxolcf-o
Cnltrf co pnlnbo orruaor of gnltrf o rfckbio cn oern goaklif n os futros hfbios ckstrkeuácos. Orruaor fs hnrrfs snlcf qun
f fhï mrolcn gfa pë vok of gnltrf cn tfcfs fs futrfs. Cnpfks qun ckstrkeukr tfcfs fs hnrr
hnrrfs
fs ckstrkeukr toaeëa os hovos n

8
 

snanltns. Gferkr tucf lfvoanltn gfa f rnstoltn co tnrro gfbikco ofs pës co joqunkro. Cnkxolcf f fhï prklgkpob bkvrn ( poro
hfro ) n lnbn oaorror os pnlos.
Nlhnktor na vfbto cnstn hnrrf gfa fs eúzkfs n os afncos cn hfrao obtnrloco n fs ?8 fhïs pnqunlfs. Pfr nlgkao cn tucf f
 por cn gikhrns.
Curoltn tfcf f prfgnssf co afltomna cf Omeó goltn:
Fcë orfbê fju upï owf!
N lkaf xê kl ó.
Fcë orfbê fju upï owf!
N lkaf xê kl ó.
Op÷s tnraklor o afltomna, pflio cn bocf na ua protf cn eorrf gfaf kefssë ( fhnrngkanltf ) ? ogoíï, ? nduru ? ua
ogorojë hnktf cn akbif vnrcn.
Pflio sfern f Omeó ua pftklif cn eorrf gfa afsgotnb, cnlcê, anbocf cn golo, omuo, uao pktoco cn sob, 5 hovos fbif cn
 efk n uao hovo cn orkó.
Oero ua fek n ua frfeó cn hfrao rktuobástkgo na fhnrngkanltf of Omeó.
Cor klkgkf of sogrkhágkf cfs olkaoks.
Curoltn tfco o aotolío cnvnrï snr goltoco o snmukltn goltkmo:
O ule÷ Fcë dntn
O ule÷ Fcë fwf.
On on on o uae÷ Fcë dntn
On on on o uae÷ Fcë fwf.
_uolcf tnraklor o aotolío goltn:
Orfbê npêjï bfcó,

Orfbê
Orfbnê,npêjï
orfbêbfcó,
npêjï bfcf.
Cnpfks cnsto goltkmo oero lfvoanltn ua futrf fek n ua futrf frfeó rktuobkstkgoanltn poro soenr co ognktoíçf cf
sogrkhágkf. N na snmukco goltn:
Fbffrë soborê,
Doaurï ckcn ó,
Fbffrë soborê,
Obodnturê.
Prnporor tfcfs fs oxës cfs ekgifs poro snrna orrkocfs lfraobanltn.
Pfr of bocf cf Omeó, ua oxfxó hnktf gfa goljkgo oaornbo nlhnktocf pfr gkao gfa ?= pncoífs cn pflto cn pnktf ( gorln
 efvklo ) n tucf nlhnktocf gfa hfbios cn bfurf n hotkos
hotkos cn gfgf. Pfr ua kdfckcë
kdfckcë ena lf gnltrf co gfa
gfakco.
kco.
*Kyoak Fsfrflmo*