GFHOSE QFSW]_

F. Qjhn
Qjhnjr
jrto
tofh
fh
Gfhose pfstry fgfbfe fgkhfh mjrfno gfh gotf`mfe iurfhn bjmoe =: % bj`fi rkbboh
dft, gfh mofsfhyf `j`oboio tkppohn ftfu oso yfhn `fhos. Gjhnfh iftf bfoh ef`por sf`f

gjhnfh fgkhfh rkto `fhos (ifrjhf rfsfhyf yfhn `fhos). Lu`bfe bfposfh pfgf fgkhfh
gfhose tjrnfhtuhn pfgf ifhguhnfh mfefhhyf. Sj`fioh mfhyfi lu`bfe bj`fi rkbb-oh
`fioh mfhyfi bfposfh gfhose.

Qfstry oho gosjmut Gfhose ifrjhf fwfbhyf mjrij`mfhn gfro Gjh`fri. @jsiopuh
 mjrfsfb gfro Gjh`fri, Gfhose Qfstry sjmjtubhyf gomfwf kbje pfrf pjijrlf gfro Fustrof
yfhn mjijrlf go tkik rkto Gjh`fri.

M. ]jsjp
]jsjp Fgkhfh
Fgkhfh Gfsfr
Gfsfr Gfhose
Gfhose

LZ@BFE ZIZ]FH MFEFH

6111 Nr Wjpuhn cfirf
6:1 Nr Nubf pfsor  
6: Nr ]fno
6: Nr Nfrf`
31 Nr Susu mumui  
=11 Nr Wjbur  
3:1 Nr For gohnoh
>:1 Nr Bj`fi pjbfpos ( ]kkb oh dft)
Kbjsfh
6 Mtr iuhohn tjbur 

6 Sg` sjhgki `fifh susu cfor  

C. Qrksjs
Qrksjs Qj`m
Qj`muftf
uftfh
h Gfhose
Gfhose pfstry
pfstry

Mjroiut `jrupfifh prksjs pj`muftfh fgkhfh Gfhose pfstry <

 

 Cf`pur sj`uf mfefh gfbf` `oisjr,

fgui eohnnf rftf sjbf`f 5 `jhot (3/7
ifbos)

 Mubftifh fgkhfh gfh muhnius gjhnfh

 pbfstoi, bfbu so`pfh fgkhfh go gfbf`
bj`fro pjhgohnoh (]jdronjrf-tkr) sjbf`f
6 lf`

 Ijbufrifh fgkhfh gfro

g fro rjdronjrftkr
rjdronjrftkr,, bfbu
nobfs `j`mjhtui j`pft pjrsjno
 pfhlfhn. Fgkhfh gonobfs sjpfhlfhn guf
ifbo pfhlfhn bj`fi rkbb-oh
rkbb-oh..

 Mjhtui bj`fi rkbb-oh

rkbb-oh `jhlfgo
 `jhlfgo sjno
j`pft, bfbu bjtfiifh bj`fi pjbfpos
(rkbb-oh dft) go tjhnfe fgkhfh. Bopft
ijj`pft sugut fgkhfh ij frfe tjhnfe
`j`mjhtui f`pbkp

Sjtjbfe otu, fgkhfh gotjifh mjrsf`f-
sf`f go mfnofh sosohyf uhtui `jhcjnfe
bj`fi ijbufr sjbf`f pjhnnobfsfh
 Nobfs ij`mfbo `j`mjhtui pjrsjno
 pfhlfhn, bfbu bopft 6/3 mfnofh fgkhfh ij
tjhnfe, bfbu bopft ij`mfbo 6/3 mfnofh
sosf fgkhfh ij tjhnfe sjeohnnf sfbohn
`jhu`pui (bopftfh tuhnnfb). Sjtjbfe
otu, `fsuiifh fgkhfh ij gfbf`

rjdronjrftkr 
 

 Sjtjbfe 6 lf`, nobfs bfno gfh mjhtui

 pjrsjno pfhlfhn, bfbu muft bopftfh
tuhnnfb. Bfiuifh sf`pfo tonf ifbo.
Sjtjbfe otu fgkhfh gfpft gomjhtui
sjsufo gjhnfh ijohnohfh gfh mofsfhyf
gfpft gomjro mfefh osofh.

Qfgf sfft djr`jhtfso, sueu pjhnj`mfhnfh yfhn gonuhfifh togfi mkbje `jbjmoeo
3:±C gfh ijbj`mfpfh 5:%. Sueu pj`fhnnfhnfh mjriosfr 6?1±–=61±C. Sj`fioh mjrft
Gfhose pfstry gfh `fioh mjrft oso, sueu pj`fhnnfhnfh `fioh rjhgfe. Kbje ifrjhf otu
uhtui `jhgfpftifh Gfhose pfstry gjhnfh fjrfso yfhn mfoi gocfpfo gjhnfh `jbfiuifh
tjihoi yfhn mjhfr
mjh fr..

 Fjrfso yfhn tjrlfgo pfgf fgkhfh gfhose fgfbfe <


Fjrfso sjcfrf mokbkno (mokbknocfb
(mokbknocfb fjrftokh),
fjrftokh), yfotu pjhnj`mfhnfh kbje rfno sjbf`f
djr`jhtfso.
 Fjrfso sjcfrf dosoif ( peysocfb
 peysocfb fjrftokh),
fjrftokh), yfotu pjhnj`mfhnfh gjhnfh ufp sfft
 pj`fhnnfhnfh bfposfh-bfposfh fgkhfh.

 Iufbotfs fjrfso pfgf bfposfh tjrnfhtuhn

tjrnfhtuhn pfgf <

 Ijbk`pki, ikhgoso gfh sueu fgkhfh gfsfr 

 Iufbotfs bj`fi rkbb-oh
 ]fsok ifhguhnfh bj`fi gfbf` bfposfh
 Ijsjrfnf`fh bfposfh
G. Ifrfitj
Ifrfitjrost
rostoi
oi Gfhose
Gfhose pfstry
pfstry yfhn
yfhn mfoi 

 Sjtofp bfposfh efrus tjrfjrfso `jhnefsobifh sjb yfhn mfoi 

m foi 

 Bfposfh cru`m efrus ljbfs/tjnfs tjtfpo togfi tjrposfe sftu sf`f bfoh

 Loif iubot gobfposo ocohn/dkhgfht sjefrushyf togfi tjrposfe

 Iubot mjrwfrhf ijj`fsfh

Mofsfhyf, coro iefs gfro gfhose pfstry fgfbfe `j`oboio bumfhn go tjhnfe yfhn
 mjroso ios`os ftfu fhjif mufe-mufefh sjnfr.
sjnfr. @fif gfro otu gfhose pfstry cjhgjruhn bjmoe
ogjhtoi gjhnfh rfsf `fhos gomfhgohnfifh crkossfht yfhn sjrohn mjroosoifh mfefh fsoh gfh
 

nuroe, sjpjrto mjjd, tuhf, sksos, gfh osofh bfohhyf. Wjtfpo tjhtu sflf iotf lunf ijrfp ifbo
`jhlu`pfo vfrofso crkossfht `fhos, sjpjrto pfgf cekckbftj crkossfht. Qj`muftfh fgkhfh
gfhose pfstry gfh crkossfht yfhn gosfrfhifh gomuft pfgf sueu gomfwfe =1◤ Cjbcous.

J. Ijnfnfbfh gfbf` Gfhose Qfstry gfh Qjhyjmfmhyf

Ijnfnfbfh Ij`uhniohfh Qjhyjmfmhyf

Qfstry dbf
bftt (gft
gftfr
fr)) gfh
gfh Kvjr
Kvjrpr
prkk
kkddohn pfgf
pfgf su
sueu
eu yfhn
yfhn tohnno
hnno..

 mjrft. Bj`fi `jhnfbor ij- Lu`bfe bopftfh iurfhn pfgf fgkhfh/

bufr sjbf`f pj`fhnnfhnfh togfi gobopft sjcfrf mjhfr, go`fhf

bfposfh bj`fi tjrbfbu tjmfb.

Iubot tjrposfe gfro pfstry sj- Fgkhfh togfi `j`oboio cuiup bfposfh

bf`f pj`kbjsfh (nbfzohn) Bfposfh bj`fi tjrbfbu tjmfb.

Qfsty togfi fgf bfposfh Bj`fi rkbb-oh prkpkrsohyf tjrbfbu

ftfu bfposfh togfi ljbfs ijcob ftfu bopftfh tjrbfbu mfhyfi.

Fgkhfh togfi gobopft sjcfrf mjhfr 

(tjrbfbu topos), gonobfs togfi mjrfturfh,

skmji sjbf`f pjbopftfh, wfitu osto-

rfeft iurfhn, sueu fgkhfh tjrbfbu efhnft

Iubot   mjrpkro gf
gfh
h wfrh
wfrhff Fgkh
Fgkhfh
fh go
goij
ij`m
`mfh
fhni
nifh
fh pf
pfgf
gf ij
ijbj
bj`-
`-

ckijbft togfi sjrfnf` mfpfh yfhn tohnno.

Fpboifso ufp sjbf`f pj`fhnnfhnfh

gfbf` kvjh

D. Mjhtu
Mjhtui
i Gfh
Gfhose
ose Qfstr
Qfstry
y

Gfhose pfstry gfpft gomjhtui mjrfhjif rfnf`, sjpjrto f`pbkp, iohcor, gfh bfoh-
bfoh yfotu sjmfnfo mjroiut <
 

 
Nf`mfr 6, =, 3 gfh 7 < Bopftfh F`pbkp, Iohcor, Ijpfhn, & Soput
N. Tfrof
frofh
h Gfhose
Gfhose Qfstry
Qfstry
Mjmjrfpf ljhos pfstry yfhn mosf goiftjnkroifh
g oiftjnkroifh sjmfnfo Gfhose sjpjrto Qfoh fu
cekckbft, Cohhf`kh ]kbbs, ]fosoh sworb, Qjcfh, Spfhgfujr gfh `fsoe mfhyfi bfno yfhn
bfoh. _fotu
_fotu sjmfnfo mjroiut <

6. Qfoh fu cekckbft
cekckbft Qfoh fu cekckbft
cekckbft fgfbfe rkto yfhn mjrfsfb
mjrfsfb
gfro fgkhfh Gfhose pfstry gjhnfh osofh ckijbft
go gfbf`hyf gfh gfh gomjhtui gjhnfh cfrf
gonubuhn. Qfoh fu cekckbft lunf mosf gomuft
gjhnfh fgkhfh crkossfht.

=. Cohhf`kh ]kbbs Cohhf`kh rkbb fgfbfe sjmufe rkto gfbf`

 mjtui nubuhnfh, gosjtofp nubuhnfhhyf tjrgfpft
ifyu `fhos yfhn tjbfe `jbjbje sjtjbfe `ftfhn.
 Hf`f cohhf`kh rkbbs mosf gosjmut lunf gjhnfh
cohhf`kh muh ifrjhf sjtofp rkbb yfhn tjrmjhtui
gfro mfefh rkto.

3. ]fosoh sworb ]fosoh sworb `j`oboio mjhtui yfhn sf`f

gjhnfh cohhf`kh rkbb, yfhn `j`mjgfifh rfosoh
sworb gjhnfh cohhf`kh rk99 yfotu sjbfoh
 

`jhnfhguhn ifyu `fhos tjrgfpft lunf

rfosoh/ios`os gosjtofp nubuhnfhhyf

7. Qjcfh ]kto oho mjrfsfb gfro fgkhfh Gfhose

 pfstry yfhn goijpfhn. Qjcfh sjhgoro sjmjhfrhyf
fgfbfe mfnofh gfro ijbufrnf trjj-hut yfhn mjrfsfb
gfro gfjrfe F`jroif Wjhnfe.
Wjhnfe. Qjcfh `jrupfifh
`fifhfh yfhn ifyf fifh uhsfturftjg-dfts yfhn
sfhnft mfoi uhtui ijsjeftfh lfhtuhn gfh lunf
sfbfe sftu su`mjr tjrmfoi k`jnf-3 dftty fcogs

:. Spfhgfu
Spfhgfujr
jr Spfhgfu
Spfhgfujr
jr fgfbfe
fgfbfe rko yfhn
yfhn gomuft
gomuft gfro
gfro
fgkhfh gfhose pfstry yfhn gopopoeifh bfbu gooso
 mjrmfnfo osofh tjhnfehyf `ubfo gfro mjrmfnfo
`fcf` sjbfbo `fupuh dbf gfh fgkhfhhyf go tjifh
ij tjhnfe.

C]KOSSFHW

F. Qjhn
Qjhnjr
jrto
tofh
fh
Crkossfht fgfbfe fgkhfh pfstry yfhn `jhnnuhfifh rfno sjpjrto efbhyf Gfhose
 pfstry,, gfh fjrfso yfhn tjrlfgo gfbf` fgkhfh Crkossfht sf`f gjhnfh Gfhose, Qj`muftfh
 pfstry
bfposfh pfgf fgkhfh Crkossfht `jhnnuhfifh prohsop yfhn sf`f gjhnfh Qudd pfstry efhyf
togfi `jhnnuhfifh rfno. Mfefh gfsfr fgkhfh gfh tjihoi pj`muftfh Gfhose gfh
Crkossfht ef`por sf`f. Qjrmjgffhhyf Gfhose bjmoe mfhyfi `jhnnuhfifh nubf gfh tjbur
sjeohnnf rfsfhyf bjmoe `fhos gfh bjmoe j`pui. Lu`bfe pjbopftfh ijguf ljhos pfstry oho

 lunf sf`f yfotu `fiso`u` j`pft (7) sohnbj gfh kpto`u` tonf (3) sohnbj.
 

M. ]jsjp
]jsjp Fgkhfh
Fgkhfh Gfsf
Gfsfrr Crkoss
Crkossfht
fht
LZ@BFE ZIZ]FH MFEFH
6111 Nr Wjpuhn cfirf
:1 Nr Nubf pfsor  
6: Nr ]fno
6: Nr Nfrf`
31 Nr Susu mumui  
311 Nr For gohnoh
>:1 Nr Bj`fi pjbfpos ( ]kkb oh dft)
Kbjsfh
6 Mtr iuhohn tjbur 
6 Sg` sjhgki `fifh susu cfor  

C. Qrksjs
Qrksjs Qj`mu
Qj`muftfh
ftfh Crkoss
Crkossfht
fht pfstry
pfstry
Mjroiut `jrupfifh prksjs pj`muftfh fgkhfh Crkossfht <

6. Muft fgkhfh
fgkhfh gjhnfh
gjhnfh cfrf yfhn
yfhn sf`f gjhnfh gfhose
gfhose pfstry
pfstry (sueu fhtfrf ==1 – 
(sueu fhtfrf
1

=7 C)
=. Mofrifh
Mofrifh fgkhfh
fgkhfh ostorfeft
ostorfeft go bj`fro
bj`fro js sjbf`f
sjbf`f 31 `jhot
`jhot (gotutup
(gotutup))
3. Bopft bj`fi
bj`fi rkbb-o
rkbb-oh
h ij gfbf` fgkhfh `jhnnuhf
`jhnnuhfifh
ifh bopftfh
bopftfh tuhnnfb.
tuhnnfb.
7. Mofrifh
Mofrifh fgkhfh robjis
robjis go fhtfrf
fhtfrf pjbopftfh
pjbopftfh gfh pj`mjhtuif
pj`mjhtuifh
h (sjiotfr
(sjiotfr 6: – =1 `jhot).
`jhot).
Bfhnife sjbfhluthyf sf`f gjhnfh prksjs pj`muftfh fgkhfh Gfhose pfstry
:. Nob
Nobfs
fs fgkhf
fgkhfh
h sjtjm
sjtjmfb
fb 3 ``, ij`ugo
ij`ugofh
fh
 pktkhn gjhnfh `jhnnuhfifh crkossfht
cuttjr, ftfu pktkhn mjhtui sjnotonf,
 mfnofh mfwfe bjmfr =1 c` ij`ugofh

nubuhn `ubfo gfro mfnofh yfhn bjmfr 

4. Bjtfifh
Bjtfifh go bkyfhn,
bkyfhn, ij`ugofh
ij`ugofh ij`mfhni
ij`mfhnifh
fh fgkhfh pfgf
pfgf sueu 3:¼C gjhnfh
gjhnfh ijbj`mfmf
ijbj`mfmfh
h
4:%
 

>. Kb
Kbjs
jsif
ifh
h tjbu
tjburr pfgf
pfgf sfft
sfft =/3
=/3
 pjhnj`mfhnfh
5. Mof
Mofrif
rifh
h crkossf
crkossfht
ht sjgoi
sjgoiot
ot ijrohn
ijrohn eohnnf
eohnnf
`jhcfpfo ¸ pjhnj`mfhnfh
?. Qfh
Qfhnnfh
nnfhn
n crkos
crkossfh
sfhtt gfbf`
gfbf` kvjh gjhnfh
gjhnfh
sueu =611 – ==11 C tfhpf ufp.
61. ^fitu pj`fhnnfhnfh
pj`fhnnfhnfh fhtfrf
fhtfrf 6: – 6>
`jhot.

G. Ifrfitj
Ifrfitjrost
rostoi
oi Crkossfh
Crkossfhtt pfstry yfhn
yfhn mfoi 
 ]khnnf pfgf fgkhfh rftf gfh mfnus tjrmjhtui
sjpjrto sfrfhn bjmfe
 Wjistur nfrohn sjrtf rjhyfe
 Qkbf ―ekhjyck`m (sfrfhn bjmfehyf)‟ mosf tjtfp
gopjrtfefhifh
 Iubot mjrwfrhf ijj`fsfh

J. Mjhtu
Mjhtui
i Crkos
Crkossfh
sfhtt Qfstry
Qfstry
Crkossfht `j`oboio mjhtui yfhn sugfe gotjhtuifh yfotu mjrmjhtui sjpjrto muifh
sfmot, gjhnfh cfrf `jhnnubuhn fgkhfh yfhn sugfe go rkbb gfh go pktkhn mjrmjhtui
sjnotonf bfbu gonubuhn `ubfo gfro pfhnifb eohnnf
e ohnnf ij uluhn. Crkossfht togfi go mjro osofh
sfft pj`fhnnfhnfh, mofsfhyf crkossfht go sfloifh gjhnfh sjbfo ftfu muttjr fnfr rfsf hyf
togfi tjrbfbu tfwfr. Ifrjhf ifrfitjr rfsf yfhn
yfh n tfwfr, crkossfht lunf mosf golfgoifh
sfhgwoce gjhnfh mjrmfnfo osofh.

D. Tfrofh
frofh Crko
Crkossfh
ssfhtt Qfstr
Qfstry
y
 

Qfstry gjhnfh frk`f muttjr gfh mjrtjistur rjhyfe oho mfhyfi gomuft `jhlfgo mjrmfnfo
vfrofh. Ckhtkehyf `ubfo gfro crkossfht gjhnfh tf`mfefh mjrmfnfo tkppohn `ubfo fb`khg
eohnnf ckijbft. Mjrot `jrupfifh ckhtke – ckhtke vfofh gfro crkossfht <

irjfso gfro crkossfht oho mjrtkppohn weoppohn crjf` gfh

srfwmjrry sjnfr oho

fwfbo crkossfht gkhut mjsutfh Cejd Gk`ohoquj Fhsjb. Ioho

crkhut `jhljb`f lfgo pfstry yfhn fgf go tkik iuj
`fhfpuh go mjrmfnfo hjnfrf

Crkossfht yfhn sftu oho gooso gjhnfh sfbtjg jnn yfhn nuroe
gfh crjf`y.

crkossfht pftut gofiuo sjmfnfo pfstry yfhn ckcki

gopfguifh gjhnfh fpfpuh. Gosfloifh mjrsf`f js iro`,

tf`pfi jhfi gfh `jhnnkgf

Crkossfht efgor gjhnfh wfrhf mjbfhn yfhn cfhtoi.

Crkossfht oho mofsf gosjmut crkossfht mockbkr, yfhn
`jrupfifh efsob irjfso Qfstry Cejd ]y Stjpejh.
 

Crkossfht lunf mosf `jhlfgo pjhnnfhto rkto sfhgwoce pfgf

u`u`hyf. ]fsf yfhn nuroe sjrtf tjistur yfhn mjrmjgf
gjhnfh rkto sfhgwoce pfgf u`u`hyf `j`muft sjhsfso
yfhn bjmoe mjrmjgf

Crkossfht suseo `jhlfgo sfbfe sftu poboefh crkossfht nuroe.

Osohyf pktkhnfh sfb`kh gfh bj`mfrfh hkro. Sjmfnfo
tkppohn, gomumueo lunf tfmurfh hkro efbus gfh woljh
 pfhnnfhn.

Mfeifh crkossfht mosf lfgo fbtjrhftod pjhnnfhto iubot tkrtobf.

Crkossfht yfhn sftu oho mofsf gosjmut ‒Wfcrk‐ yfhn tf`pfi 

sfhnft `jhnnkgf.