Name:_____________________Date:_________

The Birth of the Industrial Revolution

Essential Question: Where did the Industrial Revolution start and explain why it started there?
Guess the Invention!
Answer: telephone Answer: Vitascope
Inventor: Thomas A. Watson Inventor: Thomas Edison
1876 1896
Answer: cotton gin Answer: sewing machine
Inventor: Eli Whitney Inventor: Thomas Saint (firs
patent)
1793
1790
Answer: spinning jenny Answer: type writer
Inventor: James Hargreaves Inventor: Christopher
Latham Sholes (first
1770
practical typewriter)
1869
The Industrial Revolution
(1750-1900s)
I. Industrial Revolution - A slow process in which major technological advances were made
from about 1750 - 1900s.
- Machines replaced human labor
- New energy sources developed
• Rural/country lifestyle began to disappear
• urbanization- People moved to cities
• People bought goods in stores
II. Britain Leads - 4 Causes
1. Agricultural Revolution
- Enclosure-taking over & fencing off land from peasant farmers
- Crop rotation - restoring soil by rotating different crops seasonally,
 - Fertilizer from livestock
2. Population Boom Labor Supply - Many workers needed to mine, build factories &
run machines
3. Natural Resources - Britain had huge supplies of iron & coal.
4. Capital - money from farmers & trade to invest in new technology & industry.
**Entrepreneurs brought together capital, labor, & new inventions**
III. Growing Textile Industry
1600s - Britain exported cotton cloth around the world. “Putting-out” system - Cloth made in
houses, bought by merchants
IV. Factory System
A. 1760s - Factor System- cloth production moves from homes to buildings
B. James Watt re-invented the steam engine. Factories now run continuously
C. Steam engine trains & Steamboats
- Goods could be transferred all over the country easily-quickly
Q & A: What were some of the societal changes that took place as a result of the industrial
revolution?