INSTITUTE OF ACCOUNTANCY ARUSHA(DAR CAMPUS)

PROGRAM : ODICT

ASSIGNMENT NATURE : GROUP

MODULE : COMPUTER MAINTENANCE
FACILITATOR : MR PAUL MAZOYA
GROUP MEMBERS
ACCADEMICY YEAR : 2021/2022
SUBMISSION DATE : 27thApril 2022

QUESTION
1) How do the following devices works
a) Video Card
b) Sound Card
c) Network Card
2) Differentiate Serial Ports from Parallel Ports.
3) i) What is Microprocessor
ii) What are the factors affecting Microprocessor
4) Write short notes on all types of RAM
5) What is CMOS and CMOS Battery
6) Differentiate SATA from IDE Technology

ANSWERS
1.
A) VIDEO CARD
A video card is also called a graphics card, integrated circuit that generate a video signals sent
to computer display .The card is usually located on the computer motherboard or in a separate
circuit built into the computer display unit. It contains a graphics processing unit (GPU), which is
a processor dedicated to create images; a digital to analog converter; and memory chips that
store display data. The graphics card decides how to use the pixels on the screen to create the
images it then send the information to the monitor through a cable.

B) SOUND CARD
A sound card use a digital to analog converter (DAC) which convert recorded or generated
digital signal data into analogy format. The output signal is connected to an amplifier,
headphones, or external device using standard interconnects, such as a TRS phone connector.
The sound card can accept an analog sound from a microphone or audio tape and convert it to
digital data that can be stored in an audio file or it can accept digitized audio signals from audio
files and convert them to analog signals that can be played on the computers speaker.
C) NETWORK CARD
A Network interface card (also known as a NIC, network card or network interface controller) is
an electronic device that connect a computer to computer network, usually a LAN .It is
considered a piece of computer hardware. The network card operates as middleman between a
computer and a data network. For example when user requests a webpage, the computer will
pass the request to the network card, which converts it into electrical impulses.

2. The differences between parallel and serial ports

Sr.No key Serial ports Parallel ports

1 purpose
2 Transmission
speed
3 No. of wires
4 capability
It is used for serial data It is used for parallel data
transmission transmission
Transmission speed of serial Transmission speed of parallel
ports is low as compared to port is quiet high as compared
parallel ports to parallel port.
Wire connection to derail Wires that are connected to
port are quiet less as parallel port are quiet high as
compared to parallel port compared to serial port
A serial port is able to A parallel port is able to
transmit a single stream of transmit multiple stream of
data at a time data at a time
 5 Data sending A serial port send data bit by A parallel port sends data by
mechanism bit after sending a bit at a sending multiple bits in parallel
time fashion.

3.
a) Microprocessor
Is a computer processor where the data processing logic and control is included on a single
integrated circuit or a small number of integrated circuits. The microprocessor contains the
arithmetic, logic, and control circuitry required to perform the functions of a computer central
processing unit.

b) factors affecting microprocessor

1. bandwidth
the bandwidth determines how much information the processor can process in one
instruction.measured in bits the current bandwidth standard for disktop and laptop PCs is 64
bit.32-bit is officially athing of the past.
2. Front side bus (FSB) Speed
FSB is the interface between the microprocessor and the system memory.As much , the FSB
speed the rate at which data can get to the CPU which in turn limits the rate at which the CPU
can process the data.The CPUs FSB speed determines the maximum speed at which can
transfer data to the rate of the system.
3. Clock Speed
The clock speed or the clock time is stated in megahertz(MHz) or gigahertz (GHz) and refer to
the speed at which the processor can excute the instructions the faster the clock, the more
instructions the processor can complete per second.
4. Architecture of the bus
A multi-bus structure scores over a single bus structure by providing additional paths
for parallel transfers, thereby increasing overall speed.

4.
TYPES OF RAM
1) Static RAM
Is the type of RAM that holds data in a static form. Is a type of random access memory that
retains data bits in its memory as long as power is being supplied it uses transistor in store data.

2. Dynamic RAM (DRAM)

Is the type of RAM that stores each bit of data in a memory cell consists of capacitor and
transistor.

3) Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDRAM)

Is the Dynamic Read Only Memory that operates in synchronous with the CPU clock, which
means that it waits for the clock signal before responding to data input.

4) Single Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDR SDRAM)

Is the RAM that transfers data on only one clock transition (0-1o or 1-0), in contrast to DDR-
RAM.
5. Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM (DDR SDRAM).
Is the RAM that allows for higher transfer rates and faster performance compared to other
RAM. Transfer two bits of data per clock cycle from the memory array to the internal
input/output buffer.

5.
CMOS and CMOS Battery
 CMOS this stands for Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductors (SMOS).
CMOS -This is a small amount of memory on a computer motherboard that stores the Basic
Input/ Output system (BIOS) settings.
BIOS this is the software stored on the memory chip on the motherboard. BIOS are
categorized into two types namely;
i. UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) that found in any modern PC.
ii. Legacy BIOS- T he older motherboards have legacy BIOS firmware for turning on the PC.

CMOS batter y -This is a battery that maintains the time, date, hard disk and other
configuration setting in the CMOS memory.

6. Differentiate SATA from IDE technology