The research is called “Online learning amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Students'

Perspectives” by Muhammad Adnan and Kainat Anwar. This paper investigates

the attitudes of Pakistani higher education students towards compulsory digital and
distance learning university courses amid Coronavirus. The research also attempts
to identify the possibilities and issues of online study in educational centers.
The paper consists of 7 pages and was written with the help of IMRAD structure.
There are four main sections: Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion.
In introduction part the author indicates the background, the research question
and the outline of the approach taken. The author introduces the reader to the
problems and possibilities of online study emphasizing why the topic is relevant
and important.
According to the introduction, although online learning can be effective in
digitally advanced countries (Basilaia & Kvavadze in 2020), it is ineffective in
Pakistan. The common thread of the report is explained by providing a brief
description of the approach the author pursued to answer the research question, He
mentioned various methods and researches of other people about problems of
online study and what extent the research question has been addressed by others
such as the work of the Crawford, Butler-Henderson, Rudolph, & Glowatz, Kaur in
2020. This study aims to determine:
1. To know the effectiveness of online learning in Pakistan from higher
education students' perspectives.
2. To highlight the challenges and obstacles of online learning faced by higher
education students in Pakistan
Next paragraph is methods where the author describes how the study was
conducted. According to paper, the respondents of the study were 126 higher
education students: 84 female and 42 male participants. The participants included
undergraduate (N = 64, 50.8%) as well as postgraduate (N = 62, 49.2%) students.
All the students participated in the survey were currently attending online courses
or included those who finished their last semester virtually.
In results section, authors sum up all results in one table. According to the table,
67.5% reported that online learning is way different from conventional learning
mode, while 18.3% feel that there is little difference between online and
conventional learning. Only 10.3% of students feel that online learning is more
motivating than conventional learning, while the majority of the students (71.4%)
feel voted against the notion that online learning is more motivating than
conventional learning.
In discussion, authors describes the main problems the students have faced such
as lack of access to internet facilities, lack of proper interaction and contact with
students and instructors and ineffective technology were among the major
challenges faced by higher education students of Pakistan. The authors emphasize
the sudden shift from traditional classrooms and face-to-face learning to online
learning has resulted in a completely different learning experience for students.
In conclusion, the author summarizes the main findings and provides answers to
your research question. He has mentioned the main idea of research which is
problems and possibilities of online study. According to the research, online
learning cannot produce desired results in underdeveloped countries like Pakistan,
where a vast majority of students are unable to access the internet due to technical
as well as monetary issues. This study addressed the effectiveness of online versus
traditional classes especially for students of higher education.