MONKAYO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL - SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

RHEA MAE CANTONEROS LUMOTOS

ROSEMARIE DELARAMA MENDOZA

CLEVIN TROYD LASTRA LASQUITE

REYMARIE LIMBAGA CABALLERO

CHRISTIAN DAVE MATINUOD

JOCELYN COBRADO ALIBO

Internet Access and the Academic Performance

of Senior High School Students

Practical Research 2 Adviser

Mariecriz Balaba- Banaez

JANUARY 2023
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION PAGE

Background of the Study 1

Objectives of the Study 2
Research Hypothesis 2
Significance of the Study 3
Scope and Delimitation of the Study 3
Time and Place of the Study 3
Operational Definition of Terms 4
Conceptual Framework 4
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 6
METHODOLOGY
Research Design 7
Research Respondents 7
Research Instruments 8
Data Gathering Procedures 11
Statistical Treatment 11

REFERENCES 13

INTRODUCTION
 Background of the Study

Academic performance of students is a key feature in education

(Abaidoo, 2018). It is considered to be the centre around which the whole
education system revolve (Abaidoo, 2018). Narad and Abdullah (2016)
opined that the academic performance of students determines the success
or failure of any academic institution. Similarly, Farooq, Chaudhry, Shafiq
and Behanu (2018), asserted that students’ academic performance serve as
a bedrock for knowledge acquisition and the development of skills.

The internet is developed to serve as a platform for various activities for

all age groups in society (Akin Adaeamola, 2022). Internet is a technology
that has become an enormous part of people's daily lives (Ngoumandjoka,
2022).This helps students to broaden their academic information, research
and assignments by accessing information worldwide and also enhances
easy communication to the academic community (Siraj, 2015).The use of
credible internet resources is of greater importance for academic study,
especially in high class courses which require an academic review of
literature (Sahin, 2022).

A number of previous studies have investigated the relationship

between students’ learning styles and academic performance here in
Philippines, Moeinikia and Zahed-Babelan (2019).As the premise of the
present study, Threeton and Walter (2019) affirm that there is a dearth of
learning style studies of students within the trade, technology and industry
sector of career and technical education.Ebele and Olofu (2017) found out
that there is a significant relationship between study habits and students'
academic performance. Furthermore,Chilca (2017) studied on the study
habits and academic performance among university students in Philippines
concluded that study habits do influence academic performance.

The researcher has not come across of study on Internet Access and
the Academic Performance of Senior High School Students in Monkayo
National High School.It is in this context that the researcher is interested to
determine whether the Internet Access predicts the Academic Performance
as this can raise awareness to the intended beneficiaries of this study and
possibly develop action plans to improve teaching-learning process, thus ,
the need to conduct this study.

Objectives of the Study

 The purpose of this study is to determine the significant influence of the
Internet Access on the Academic Performance among Senior High School
Students in Monkayo National High School. Specifically, it intended to attain
the following objectives:

1. To know the level of Internet Access among Senior High School Students
in terms of:

1.1 Interes;

1.2 Affordability; and,

1.3 Infrastructure.

2. To assess the level of Academic Performance among Senior High School

Students in terms of:

2.1 Student Achievement;

2.2 Discipline Referrals; and,

2.3 Teacher Satisfaction.

3. To determine the significant relationship between the Internet Access and

Academic Performance of Senior High School Students in Monkayo
National High School.

4. To determine the significant influence of Internet Access on the Academic

Performance of Senior High School Students in Monkayo National High
School.

Research Hypothesis

The following hypothesis will be tested at 0.05 level of

significance:

1.There is no significant relationship between Internet Access and Academic

Performance.

2.There is no domain in the Internet Access that significantly influences the

Academic Performance.

Significance of the Study

 The stakeholders who will benefit from this study are the following:

School Principals. As drivers of school improvement, this study can serve

as their aye-opener on the status of their Student's Academic
Performance.Hence, this study help them in identifying the level of their
Students Internet Access in terms of identified factors.

Teachers. As direct contact to the students, this study can help them create
techniques and strategies to help students increase their level of academic
performance. Teachers can use online materials to prepare lessons, and
students use them to extend their range of learning.

Students. As the center of every teaching-learning process, their needs for

learning must be catered by the teacher to create a positive and active
learning strategies .The results of this study will be beneficial to them to
determine factors that will enables them to maximize their potential and
achieve academic success.

Future Researchers. As investigators of knowledge, this study can form

either basis on their idea for future research. They would do this same
action research project again using the facts that the researchers have now.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The coverage of the study will be the students in Monkayo National

High School but it is delimited only to Senior High School Students who will
be enrolled in the School Year 2022-2023. Internet Access has been
described by many authors, but this study uses only the indicators
identified by Joshua and Darell (2014), which are Interest, Affordabilit, and
Infrastructure. Moreover, Academic Performance may be understood in
different ways, but in this study, it is delimited to the three indicators
according to Emery (2014) namely Student Achievement, Discipline
Referrals, and Teacher Satisfaction.

Time and Place of the Study

This study will be conducted in the school year 2022-2023, second

semester, in Monkayo National Senior High School, located at L. Sarmiento
St., Poblacion, Monkayo, Davao de Oro. It has an old and new building that
occupies the space. More than 30 classrooms, a library, computer
laboratory, science laboratory, and many others. The students are coming
from different tribes, such as Dibabawon, Mangguangan, Muslim, Kamayo,
Boholano, Bagobo, Manobo, Mandaya, Mansaka, and Bisaya. Among these
tribes, Bisaya is the most dominant. The Students are coming from a
middle-class family from different Barangays in Monkayo, Davao de Oro.
There are some other coming from nearby localities such as Montivesta and
Nabunturan.

Operational Definition of Terms

To facilitate a better understanding of this study,the following terms at

this moment defined operationaly.

Internet Access refers to the students ability to connect internet using

computers and to access other devices.

Academic performance refers to students achievement across various

academic disciplines.

Conceptual Framework

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Internet Access Academic

Performance

• Student Achievement
• Interest
• Discipline Referrals
• Affordability
• Teacher Satisfaction
• Infrastracture

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study

Figure 1 shows the research paradigm of the study.It consists of two

variables, the independent and dependent variables. The independent
variable of this study is the Internet Access the that is patterned after the
work of Joshua and Darell (2014). This variable has three indicators, namely
the Interest, Affordability,and the Infrastructure. Interest is refers to giving
students access to gain a lot from using the resources and knowledge
available on the internet. Affordability refers the cost of acquiring internet
access, whether through a service provider or by purchasing the necessary
equipment, is generally referred to as affordability in relation to internet
access. Infrastructure refers to The physical and technological elements that
support a network, such as cables, routers, and switches, are referred to as
infrastructure in relation to internet access.

On the other hand, dependent variable of this study is the Academic

Performance, based on the work of Emery (2014). This variable has the
following indicators; First, Student Achievement refers to students amount
of academic content he/she learns in a given time frame. Second, Discipline
Referrals refers to a way a teacher refers a student to an administrator to be
disciplined. Lastly, Teacher Satisfaction refers to the emotional responses of
teachers to their duties as educators.

\
 Review of Related Literature

Interest

There were pieces of literature that supported the argument of this

study and saw the needs and challenges of internet connections among
students (Lorenzo, 2017).An inefficient internet facility in a university is not
an issue for the use of the internet in the university (Apuke & Iyendo,
2018).In the mid-1990s, educational institutions were introduced to the
Internet as a medium to promote students' educational journeys
(Ngoumandjoka, 201). As a result, internet connectivity has vastly improved
in recent decades and is now available in households, offices, travel, and
classrooms (Ellore, Niranjan, & Brown, 2014). Research evidence (Adedotun,
2015; Akande & Bamise, 2017) shows that students' academic success is
influenced by access to information.

Affordability
Affordability in internet access typically refers to the cost of obtaining
internet access Humphry (2018). Either through a service provider or
through purchasing necessary equipment. It is an important factor in
determining the level of access to technology and digital resources Justine
(2019).As people with limited financial resources may not be able to access
the same services and products as those with more financial resources
Marier (2019).AffordabilityThe cost of acquiring internet access, whether
through a service provider or by purchasing the necessary equipment
Virgina wolf (2018).Kurt vonnegut(2016) that infrastructure is generally
referred to as affordability in relation to internet access. (Cascio,2016)
People with less financial resources might not be able to access the same
services and goods as others with more financial resources from. Making it a
crucial element in deciding the degree of access to technology and digital
resources (William Faulkner 2021).

Infrastructure
In the context of internet access, infrastructure refers to the physical
components which enable the transmission of data, such as routers,
switches, cables, and servers Whitacre (2018). These components form the
backbone of the internet Mills (2019).Allowing for data to be shared and
exchanged between different devices and networks according to Brian
E(2017).Infrastructure according to Charles Dickens (2019) Internet access
refers to the physical and technological components that support a network.
It also includes the software, hardware, and services that are used to
connect people to the internet Mark twain (2021) such as web browsers,
search engines, and messaging programs.

Student Achievement
Academic performance of students is a key feature in education
(Abaidoo, 2018). It is considered to be the centre around which the whole
education system revolve (Abaidoo, 2018). Student Achievement, which is
considered to be a key factor in determining academic performance, directs
behavior toward achievement and comprises a number of diverse categories,
including motivational beliefs, task values, objectives, and achievement
motives (Wigfield et al., 2016). However, there are relatively few studies that
looked at many motivational factors in relation to students' academic
achievement in one sample and also took into account students' cognitive
ability and prior accomplishments (Kriegbaum 2015).Academic achievement
was once thought to be the most important outcome of formal educational
experiences and while there is little doubt as to the vital role such
achievements play in student life and later (Kell, Lubinski, & Benbow (2019).

Discipline Referrals
A "disciplined" student is one who adheres to the set norms and
regulations of the school in the framework of the educational system (Ali,
Dada, Isiaka, & Salmon, 2016). Researchers appreciate that discipline is an
important component of human behavior and assert that without it an
organization cannot function well towards the achievement of its goals
(Ouma, Simatwa, & Serem, 2016). In the context of a school system, a
disciplined student is that student whose behaviours, actions and inactions
conform to the predetermined rules and regulations of the school (Ali, Dada,
Isiaka, & Salmon, 2015). However, discipline ideally means more than
adhering to rules and regulations and entails the learner’s ability to discern
what is right or wrong (Gitome, Katola, & Nyabwari, 2016). Discipline is
widely acknowledged to be essential for creating a positive school climate
conducive to sound academic performance (Masitsa, 2016). It is a basic
requirement for successful teaching and learning in schools and a subject of
concern for teachers (Eshetu, 2015). This intensifies their desire to succeed
academically, which ultimately improves their academic performance
(Rahimi & Karkami, 2015).

Teacher Satisfaction
An extensive literature on Job satisfaction has shown, teachers who
are satisfied with their jobs perform better (Nojani 2016).Although
researchers have drawn considerable attention to the correlation of job
satisfaction and job performance, their studies have reported inconsistent
findings.Nevertheless, the job satisfaction of employees is generally
associated with the indicators of safety conditions, students’ engagement,
and turnover rate (Huang et al.,2016).Teachers who show more satisfaction
with their jobs also show greater performance while working. In various
studies, job satisfaction and job performance had a significant positive
relationship (Hayati & Caniago, 2016)Above all, the most important
indicator is academic achievement in the teacher learning process. That
aspect is also the most important area of research and at the heart of
educational psychology in academic assessment (Rahmani, 2016). In that
sense, performance is linked with effectiveness, knowledge management,
and quality (Platisa, Reklitisb, & Zimeras, 2015).
 METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This study used a predictive correlation research design. Predictive

correlation is use to determine the degree to which two variables are related
and to test whether there is a linear relationship between the variables in
the population as a whole (Bewick, Cheek, & Ball, 2011). This technique is
useful in this study to test the domain of Internet Access of Senior High
School Students in Monkayo National High School, Monkayo, Davao de Oro
that best predict their Academic Performance.

Research Respondents

The respondents of this study were the Senior High School Students of
Monkayo National High School of Monkayo, Davao de Oro. Slovin's formula
was used on determining the sample size. It is n=N/1+Ne² where n as the
sample size; N as the population and e as the margin of error, which is 0.05.
Moreover, stratified random sampling was used in determining the sample
size per section. Furthermore, the lottery/fishbowl method was used in
identifying the names of the respondents of this study. The following table
shows the distribution of samples per section.

Distribution of Sample per Section

Section Total percentage Number of

population Samples

Aries 59 24.9% 37
Brocka 55 23.2% 35
Cancer 52 22% 33
Hernandez 55 23.2% 35
Sagittarius 16 6.7% 10

N= 237 100% n = 150

 Research Instrument

The researchers used the survey questionnaire adopted from Deci and Ryan
(2017). It is composed of item number 1 to 9 for Own Autonomy, 9 to 16 for
Competence, and item number 17 to 24 for Relatedness to determine the
students’ Determination.

Meanwhile, in determining the students’ Academic Performance, the

researchers use the questionnaire of Deci and Vansteenkiste (2015). It is
composed of 10 items, a multiple choice questionnaire with five options from
which the students were expected to choose the best answer.

To know the level of Unavailability of Educational Materials among

Senior High School students in Monkayo National High School – Senior High
School. The following interpretation scale will be followed:

Scale Range Descriptive Descriptive

Meaning Interpretation

5 4.20-5.00 Very High This means that

Determination

component is

extremely effective.

4 3.40-4.19 High This means that

Determination

component is highly

effective.

3 2.60-3.39 Moderate This means that

Determination

component is

moderately effective.

2 1.80-2.59 Low This means that

Determination
 component is less

effective.

1 1.00-1.79 Very Low This means that

Determination

component is not

effective.

To know the level of Academic Performance among Senior High School

students in Monkayo National High School – Senior High School. The
following interpretation scale will be used:

Percentage Descriptive Interpretation

Score Rating
93 - 100% Mastered This means that the academic

performance is in the

advanced stage.

85% - 92% Closely This means that the academic

Approximating performance is in the

Mastery proficient stage.

65% - 84% Moving Towards This means that the academic

Mastery performance is in the

approaching proficiency

stage.

33% - 64% Average This means that the academic

performance is in the
average
 stage.
13% - 32% Low This means that the
academic

performance is in the

developing stage.

5% - 12% Very Low This means that the academic

performance is in the

beginning stage.

0% - 4% Absolutely No This means that the academic

Mastery performance is in the

absolutely no mastery stage.

Data Gathering Procedure

Before the survey questionnaires were distributed to the respondents

of the study, the researchers writes a letter to the Campus Administrator of
MNHS-SHS, Monkayo requesting a recommendation letter that would be
used as a form of formal permission to the principal of Monkayo National
High School – Senior High to allow the researcher to conduct a survey to the
Senior High School students of their respective school. Then, the
researchers asks from the office of registrar of Monkayo National High
School – Senior High, Monkayo, Davao de Oro the complete list of Senior
High School students who were enrolled in the school year 2022-2023 to
determine the number of respondents which are going to survey. Then the
researchers asks an assistance from the teacher in each section for the
distribution of the survey questionnaires to the students to determine the
Unavailability of Educational Materials and Academic Performance.
Moreover, the researchers personally collected the completed
questionnaires. The data was collected and recorded in coordination with
the data processor.
 Statistical Treatment

The statistical data will be analyze with the help of the following tools:

Mean. Mean is the preferred method with the purpose of calculating the
center of the data set.

This tool is use to assess objectives 1

Percentage. To address the second objective, which is to assess the level of

Academic

performance among Senior High School students, the

researchers will convert

the score of the respondents into a percentage score.

Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient (Pearson R.). This tool is

use

to see whether there is a relationship between two variables. The said

tool will

be employed to measure the third objective.

Regression Analysis. It attempts to model the influence between two

variables by

fitting a linear equation to the observed data. This tool will tests
the fourth

objective of this study.

The descriptive interpretation in inferring the degree of it’s significant

relationship is provided below (Medina, 2013):

Correlation Coefficient Descriptive Interpretation

0.00= r Almost negligible

0.00< r < 0.20 Very weak correlation

0.20< r < 0.40 Weak correlation

0.40< r < 0.60 Moderately strong correlation

0.60< r < 0.80 Strong correlation

0.80< r < 1.00 Very strong correlation

|r|= 1.00 Perfect correlation

 References

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students in a Junior High School, Munich, GRIN Verlag,

https://www.grin.com/document/450284

Affum, M. Q. (2022). "THE EFFECT OF INTERNET ON STUDENTS STUDIES:

A REVIEW" Library
Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 6932.

https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/6932

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performance of Filipino university students in applied science courses:
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https://doi.org/10.3926/jotse.504

NO SIMBA (2016).Impact of Discipline on Academic Performance of Pupils in

Public

Primary Schools in Muhoroni Sub-County, Kenya

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1092484.pdf

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Selected Senior High School Students in Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana

URL:http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/ejes.v9no2a1

Asif, I., Fakhra, A., Tahir, F., & Shabbir, A. (2016). Relationship between
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satisfaction and students’ academic performance. Eurasian Journal of

Educational Research, 65, 335-344
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