Here are the collections of top 20 MCQ questions on antennas and propagation includes multiple-choice questions on

antennas and propagation in the wireless network. It includes MCQ questions on types of antennas, different routes of
the signal radiated from an antenna, and the different types of noise such as thermal noise, intermodulation noise,
crosstalk, and impulse noise.
Read Next: Top 20 MCQ on Wireless Mobile Communication
1) State whether the following statements about the antenna are True or False.
i. It converts electrical power into electromagnetic waves and vice versa.
ii. It can be used either as a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna.
iii. The Same antenna can not be used for both transmission and reception.
A) i-True, ii-True, iii-True
B) i-True, ii-False, iii-True
C) i-False, ii-True, iii-True
D) i-True, ii-True, iii-False
2) The … antenna consists of two straight collinear conductors of equal length, separated by small gap.
A) half-wave dipole
B) horizontal-quarter wave dipole
C) vertical-quarter wave dipole
D) folded dipole
3) A … antenna is the type commonly used for automobile radios and portable radios.
A) half-wave dipole
B) horizontal-quarter wave dipole
C) vertical-quarter wave dipole
D) folded dipole
4) A … has a uniform or omnidirectional radiation pattern in one dimension.
A) half-wave dipole
B) horizontal-quarter wave dipole
C) vertical-quarter wave dipole
D) folded dipole
5) … antenna is used in terrestrial microwave and satellite applications.
A) Isotropic
B) Marconi
C) Parabolic reflective
D) Folded dipole

6) An … antenna is a point in space that radiates power in all directions equally.

A) Isotropic
B) Marconi
C) Parabolic reflective
D) Folded dipole

7) A signal radiated from an antenna travels along with one of the following routes.
i. Ground wave
ii. Line of sight (LOS)
iii. Skywave
A) i and ii only
B) ii and iii only
C) i and iii only
D) All i, ii and iii
8) The … is connected at one end to the surface of the earth and to the ionosphere at the other.
A) Ground wave
B) Line of sight (LOS)
C) Skywave
D) Quater wave

9) … is an example of ground wave communication.

A) FM Radio
B) AM Radio
C) CB Radio
D) Microwave
10) In the …, the wave is in the ionosphere, it is strongly bent, or reflected and ultimately back to the ground.
A) Ground wave
B) Line of sight (LOS)
C) Skywave
D) Quater wave
11) … is an example of skywave communication.
A) FM Radio
B) AM Radio
C) CB Radio
D) Microwave
12) … is a type of propagation that can transmit and receive data only where transmit and receive stations are in view
of each other.
A) Ground wave
B) Line of sight (LOS)
C) Skywave
D) Halfwave

13) Which of the following is/are the examples of line-of-sight communication?

i. AM Radio
ii. FM Radio
iii. Microwave
A) i and ii only
B) ii and iii only
C) i and iii only
D) All i, ii and iii
14) … is uniformly distributed across the frequency spectrum and hence is often referred to as white noise.
A) Thermal Noise
B) Intermodulation Noise
C) Impulse Noise
D) Crosstalk

15) … is produced when there is some non-linearity in the transmitter-receiver.

A) Thermal Noise
B) Intermodulation Noise
C) Impulse Noise
D) Crosstalk

16) … occur when unwanted signals are picked up by microwave antennas.

A) Thermal Noise
B) Intermodulation Noise
C) Impulse Noise
D) Crosstalk
17) State whether the following statements about the impulse noise are True or False.
i. It was generated from external electromagnetic disturbances.
ii. It is generally only a minor annoyance for analog data.
iii. It is the secondary source of error in digital data transmission.
A) i-True, ii-True, iii-True
B) i-True, ii-False, iii-True
C) i-False, ii-True, iii-True
D) i-True, ii-True, iii-False

18) … occurs when an incoming signal hits an object whose size in the order of the wavelength of the signal or less.
A) Scattering
B) Diffraction
C) Fading
D) Reflection

18) … occurs when an incoming signal hits an object whose size in the order of the wavelength of the signal or less.
A) Scattering
B) Diffraction
C) Fading
D) Reflection
19) … occurs at the edge of an impenetrable body that is large compared to the wavelength of radio wave.
A) Scattering
B) Diffraction
C) Fading
D) Reflection

20) … occurs when the signal encounters a surface that is large relative to the wavelength of the signal.
A) Scattering
B) Diffraction
C) Fading
D) Reflection

Answers:
1. D) i-True, ii-True, iii-False
2. A) half-wave dipole
3. C) vertical-quarter wave dipole
4. A) half-wave dipole
5. C) Parabolic reflective
6. A) Isotropic
7. D) All i, ii and iii
8. A) Ground wave
9. B) AM Radio
10. C) Skywave
11. C) CB Radio
12. B) Line of sight (LOS)
 13. B) ii and iii only
14. A) Thermal Noise
15. B) Intermodulation Noise
16. D) Crosstalk
17. D) i-True, ii-True, iii-False
18. A) Scattering
19. B) Diffraction
20. D) Reflection
Read Next: Top 20 MCQ Q

Antenna And Wave Propagation

MCQ With Answers
1)   What is the wavelength of Super high frequency (SHF) especially used in
Radar & satellite communication?
a. 1 m – 10 m
b. 1 cm – 10 cm
c. 10 cm – 1 m
d. 0.1 cm – 1 cm
ANSWER: 1 cm – 10 cm
2)   Which among the following is an application of high frequency?

a. SONAR
b. Subsurface communication
c. Radio navigation
d. Facsimile

ANSWER: Facsimile
3)   Wavefront is basically a locus of points acquiring similar _______

a. Phase
b. Frequency
c. Amplitude
d. Wave equation

ANSWER: Phase
4)   In which kind of waveform is the phase velocity defined?

a. Sinusoidal
b. Rectangular
c. Square
d. Triangular

ANSWER: Sinusoidal
5)   Which among the following is/are not present in free space?

a. Solid bodies
b. Ionized particles
c. Interference of normal radiation & radio wave propagation
d. All of the above
ANSWER: All of the above
6)   Power density is basically termed as ________ power per unit area

a. Reflected
b. Refracted
c. Radiated
d. Diffracted

ANSWER: Radiated
7)   If the path difference of two waves with single source traveling by
different paths to arrive at the same point, is λ/2, what would be the phase
difference between them?

a. β x (λ/2)
b. β / (λ/2)
c. β + (λ/2)
d. β – (λ/2)

ANSWER: β x (λ/2)
8)   Which ionization layer exists during day time & usually vanishes at night
due to highest recombination rate?

a. D-region
b. Normal E-region
c. Sporadic E-region
d. Appleton region

ANSWER: D-region
9)   What is the possible range of height for the occurrence of sporadic E-
region with respect to normal E-region?

a. 20 km – 50 km
b. 45 km – 85 km
c. 90 km – 130 km
d. 140 km – 200 km

ANSWER: 90 km – 130 km
10)   F2 layer of appleton region acts as a significant reflecting medium for
_____ frequency radio waves
a. Low
b. Moderate
c. High
d. All of the above

ANSWER: High
11)   The knowledge of which parameter is sufficient for deriving the time
varying electromagnetic field?

a. Electric field intensity

b. Magnetic field intensity
c. Current density
d. Power density

ANSWER: Current density

12)   According to Webster’s dictionary, what is an antenna?

a. Impedance matching device

b. Sensor of electromagnetic waves
c. Transducer between guided wave & free space wave
d. Metallic device for radiating or receiving radio waves

ANSWER: Metallic device for radiating or receiving radio waves

13)   Under which conditions of charge does the radiation occur through
wire antenna?

a. For a charge with no motion

b. For a charge moving with uniform velocity with straight & infinite wire
c. For a charge oscillating in time motion
d. All of the above

ANSWER: For a charge oscillating in time motion

14)   In a non-isotropic directional antenna, which radiating lobe axis makes
an angle of 180° w.r.t. major beam of an antenna?
a. Minor lobe
b. Side lobe
c. Back lobe
d. None of the above

ANSWER: Back lobe

15)   At which angles does the front to back ratio specify an antenna gain?

a. 0° & 180°

b. 90° & 180°
c. 180° & 270°
d. 180° & 360°

ANSWER: 0° & 180°

16)   Which among the following defines the angular distance between two
points on each side of major lobe especially when the radiation drops to
zero?

a. Half power beam width (HPBW)

b. First null beam width (FNBW)
c. Side lobe level (SLL)
d. Front to back ratio (FBR)

ANSWER: First null beam width (FNBW)

17)   If an observation point is closely located to the source, then the field is
termed as ________

a. Induced
b. Radiated
c. Reflected
d. Far-field

ANSWER: Induced
18)   Which waveform plays a crucial role in determining the radiation
pattern of the dipole/wire antennas?
a. Current
b. Voltage
c. Frequency
d. Phase

ANSWER: Current
19)   How are the infinitesimal dipoles represented in terms of antenna
length and signal wavelength?

a. l ≤ (λ /50)
b. (λ/50 ) < l ≤ (λ /10)
c. l = λ/2
d. None of the above

ANSWER: l ≤ (λ /50)
20)   In flared transmission line, the radiation phenomenon increases due to
________ in flaring

a. Increase
b. Decrease
c. Stability
d. None of the above

ANSWER: Increase
21)   Which pattern is generated due to plotting of square of amplitude of
an electric field?

a. Field Pattern
b. Voltage Pattern
c. Power Pattern
d. All of the above

ANSWER: Power Pattern

22)   In an electrically small loops, the overall length of the loop is ______
one-tenth of a wavelength.
a. Less than
b. Equal to
c. Greater than
d. None of the above

ANSWER: Less than

23)   On which factor/s do/does the radiation field of a small loop depend?

a. Shape
b. Area
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: Area
24)   From the radiation point of view, small loops are _________radiators

a. Poor
b. Good
c. Better
d. Excellent

ANSWER: Poor
25)   According to the directivity of a small loop, which value of ‘θ’
contributes to achieve the maximum value of radiation intensity (U max)?
a. 0°
b. 90°
c. 180°
d. 270°

ANSWER: 90°
26)   In which kind of array configuration, the element locations must
deviate or adjust to some nonplaner surface like an aircraft or missile?

a. Linear
b. Planer
c. Conformal
d. All of the above
ANSWER: Conformal
27)   What is the nature of radiation pattern of an isotropic antenna?

a. Spherical
b. Dough-nut
c. Elliptical
d. Hyperbolic

ANSWER: Spherical
28)   In broadside array, all the elements in the array should have similar
_______excitation along with similar amplitude excitation for maximum
radiation.

a. Phase
b. Frequency
c. Current
d. Voltage

ANSWER: Phase
29)   Which among the following is regarded as a condition of an ordinary
endfire array?

a. α < βd
b. α > βd
c. α = ±βd
d. α ≠ ±βd

ANSWER: α = ±βd
30)   Which mode of propagation is adopted in HF antennas?

a. Ionospheric
b. Ground wave
c. Tropospheric
d. All of the above

ANSWER: Ionospheric
31)   For which band/s is the space wave propagation suitable over 30 MHz?
a. VHF
b. SHF
c. UHF
d. All of the above

ANSWER: All of the above

32)   If the tower antenna is not grounded, which method of excitation
is/are applicable for it?

a. Series
b. Shunt
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: Series
33)   In ungrounded antennas, if an excitation is applied directly across the
base insulator, then on which factor/s would the voltage across the insulator
depend?

a. Power delivered to antenna

b. Power factor of impedance
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: Both a and b

34)   Which among the following exhibits perpendicular nature in TEM
wave?

a. Electric field
b. Magnetic field
c. Direction of propagation
d. All of the above
ANSWER: All of the above
35)   Which equations are regarded as wave equations in frequency domain
for lossless media?
a. Maxwell’s
b. Lorentz
c. Helmholtz
d. Poisson’s

ANSWER: Helmholtz
36)   If the magnetic field component of a plane wave in a lossless dielectric
is H = 50 sin (2π x 106 t – 6x) azmA/m , what will be the wave velocity?
a. 1.047 x 106 m/s
b. 1.257 x 106 m/s
c. 2.50 x 106 m/s
d. 3 x 106 m/s
ANSWER: 1.047 x 106 m/s
37)   In an electrical circuit,which nature of impedance causes the current &
voltages in phase?

a. Reactive
b. Resistive
c. Capacitive
d. Inductive

ANSWER: Resistive
38)   Which type of ground wave travels over the earth surface by acquiring
direct path through air from transmitting to receiving antennas?

a. Surface wave
b. Space wave
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: Space wave

39)   After which phenomenon/phenomena do the waves arrive at the
receiving antenna in ionospheric propagation?

a. Reflection or Scattering
b. Refraction
c. Defraction
d. All of the above

ANSWER: Reflection or Scattering

40)   By which name/s is an ionospheric propagation, also known as?

a. Sea wave propagation

b. Ground wave propagation
c. Sky wave propagation
d. All of the above

ANSWER: Sky wave propagation

41)   According to Snell’s law in optics, if a ray travels from dense media to
rarer media, what would be its direction w.r.t the normal?

a. Towards
b. Away
c. Across
d. Beside

ANSWER: Away
42)   Which mechanism/s is/are likely to occur in mid-frequency operation
corresponding to ionospheric region?

a. Only Reflection
b. Only Refraction
c. Partial reflection & refraction
d. None of the above

ANSWER: Partial reflection & refraction

43)   Which among the following plays a primary role in generation of
conduction current in an ionosphere due to presence of electric field?

a. Ions
b. Motion of electrons
c. Neutral molecules
d. None of the above
ANSWER: Motion of electrons
44)   Which type of wire antennas are also known as dipoles?

a. Linear
b. Loop
c. Helical
d. All of the above

ANSWER: Linear
45)   Which antennas are renowned as patch antennas especially adopted
for space craft applications?

a. Aperture
b. Microstrip
c. Array
d. Lens

ANSWER: Microstrip
46)   Which conversion mechanism is performed by parabolic reflector
antenna?

a. Plane to spherical wave

b. Spherical to plane wave
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: Spherical to plane wave

47)   Which antenna radiating region/s has/have independent nature of
angular field distribution over the distance from the antenna?

a. Reactive near-field region

b. Fresnel region
c. Fraunhofer region
d. All of the above

ANSWER: Fraunhofer region

48)   Sterdian is a measurement unit of __________
a. Point angle
b. Linear angle
c. Plane angle
d. Solid angle

ANSWER: Solid angle

49)   According to the geometry, how many sterdians are present in a full
sphere?

a. π/2
b. π
c. 2π
d. 4π

ANSWER: 4π
50)   The vector magnetic potential shows the inverse relationship with its
____

a. Source
b. Distance of point from the source (R)
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: Distance of point from the source (R)

51)   In retarded potentials, what factor of time delay is generally
introduced in A & V equations?

a. R + c
b. R – c
c. R/c
d. R x c

ANSWER: R/c
52)   In the solutions of inhomogeneous vector potential wave equation,
which component exists if the source is at origin and the points are removed
from the source (Jz = 0)?
a. Inward
b. Outward
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: Outward
53)   If a half-wave dipole operates at 300 MHz with λ = 0.5m & D 0 = 1.643,
what will be its effective area?
a. 0.032 m2
b. 0.047 m2
c. 0.65 m2
d. 0.99 m2
ANSWER: 0.032 m2
54)   Dipole antenna is symmetrical in nature where the two ends are at
equal potentials with respect to _____point

a. Initial
b. Eventual
c. Mid
d. None of the above

ANSWER: Mid
55)   Which term is regarded as an inductive field as it is predictable from
Biot Savart law & considered to be of prime importance at near field or the
distance close to current element?

a. 1/ r
b. 1/ r2
c. 1/ r3
d. 1/ r4
ANSWER: 1/ r2
56)   What is the nature of current distribution over the small dipoles?

a. Spherical
b. Rectangular
c. Triangular
d. Square
ANSWER: Triangular
57)   For receiving a particular frequency signal, which tuning component
must be used by the loop to form a resonant circuit for tuning to that
frequency?

a. Capacitor
b. Inductor
c. Resistor
d. Gyrator

ANSWER: Capacitor
58)   If the radius of loop is λ/ 20 in a free space medium,what will be the
radiation resistance of 8-turn small circular loop?

a. 0.7883 Ω
b. 50.45 Ω
c. 123.17 Ω
d. 190.01 Ω

ANSWER: 123.17 Ω
59)   What is the far-field position of an electric short dipole?

a. Along x-axis
b. Along y-axis
c. Along z-axis
d. Along xy plane

ANSWER: Along z-axis

60)   What would happen if the rms value of induced emf in loop acquires
an angle θ = 90°?

a. Wave is incident in direction of plane of the loop with induced maximum

voltage
b. Wave is incident normal to plane of the loop with no induced voltage
c. Wave is incident in opposite direction of plane of the loop with minimum
voltage
d. None of the above
ANSWER: Wave is incident normal to plane of the loop with no induced
voltage
61)   If a linear uniform array consists of 9 isotropic elements separated by
λ/4, what would be the directivity of a broadside array in dB?

a. 6.53 dB
b. 7.99 dB
c. 8.55 dB
d. 9.02 dB

ANSWER: 6.53 dB
62)   If the elements of a binomial array are separated by λ/4, how many
shape patterns are generated with no minor lobes?

a. 2
b. 4
c. 8
d. 16

ANSWER: 8
63)   What kind of beamwidth is/are produced by Chebyshev arrays for
given side lobe level (SLL)?

a. Widest
b. Narrowest
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: Narrowest
64)   If the length of elements of an array is greater than λ/2, which will be
the operating region of an array?

a. Transmission line region

b. Active region
c. Reflective region
d. All of the above
ANSWER: Reflective region
65)   Which angle of rhombic antenna represents one half of included angle
of two legs of one wire?

a. Apex angle
b. Tilt angle
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: Tilt angle

66)   Which among the following is not a disadvantage of rhombic antenna?

a. Requirement of large space

b. Reduced transmission efficiency
c. Maximum radiated power along main axis
d. Wastage of power in terminating resistor

ANSWER: Maximum radiated power along main axis

67)   Why are beverage antennas not used as transmitting antenna?

a. Low radiation resistance

b. Low radiation efficiency
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: Both a and b

68)   Which kind of polarization is provided by helical antennas?

a. Plane
b. Elliptical
c. Circular
d. All of the above

ANSWER: Circular
69)   According to depth of penetration, what is the percentage proportion
of attenuated wave w.r.t its original value?
a. 17%
b. 27%
c. 37%
d. 57%

ANSWER: 37%
70)   Linear polarization can be obtained only if the wave consists of ________

a. Ex
b. Ey
c. Both Ex & Ey & in phase
d. Both Ex & Ey & out of phase
ANSWER: Both Ex & Ey & in phase
71)   When an electromagnetic wave travels from transmitter to receiver,
which factor/s affect/s the propagation level?

a. Curvature of earth
b. Roughness of earth
c. Magnetic field of earth
d. All of the above

ANSWER: All of the above

72)   For avoiding ground losses, better is the surface conductivity, less is
the __________

a. Attenuation
b. Phase velocity
c. Propagation constant
d. Tilt angle

ANSWER: Attenuation
73)   On which factors of earth does the magnitude of tilt angle depend in
surface wave?

A. Permittivity
B. Conductivity
C. Resistivity
D. Reflectivity

a. A & B
b. C & D
c. A & C
d. B & D

ANSWER: A & B
74)   What is the direction of varying orientation of polarized surface wave
at the earth surface in a wave tilt mechanism?

a. Horizontal
b. Vertical
c. Diagonal
d. Opposite

ANSWER: Vertical
75)   Which layer has the atmospheric conditions exactly opposite to that of
standard atmosphere?

a. Depression layer
b. Regression layer
c. Inversion layer
d. Invasion layer

ANSWER: Inversion layer

76)   If the maximum electron density for F-layer in ionosphere is 4 x
106 electrons/cm3, then what will be the critical frequency of EM wave for F-
layer?
a. 4 MHz
b. 9 MHz
c. 18 MHz
d. 25 MHz

ANSWER: 18 MHz
77)   According to Secant law, which frequency is greater than critical
frequency by a factor of secθi?
a. MUF
b. LUF
c. OWF
d. UHF

ANSWER: MUF
78)   How is the effect of selective fading reduced?

A. By high carrier reception

B. By low carrier reception
C. By single side band system
D. By double side band system

a. A & C
b. B & D
c. A & D
d. B & C

ANSWER: A & C
79)   In lens antenna, what kind of wave energy is transformed into plane
waves?

a. Convergent
b. Divergent
c. Contingent
d. Congruent

ANSWER: Divergent
80)   What is the functioning role of an antenna in receiving mode?

a. Radiator
b. Converter
c. Sensor
d. Inverter
ANSWER: Sensor
81)   In radio communication link, what is the shape/nature of waves
generated by transmitting antenna?

a. Spherical
b. Plane
c. Triangular
d. Square

ANSWER: Spherical
82)   Which among the following elucidate the generation of
electromagnetic waves?

A. Ampere’s law
B. Faraday’s law
C. Gauss’s law
D. Kirchoff’s law

a. A & B
b. B & C
c. A & C
d. B & D

ANSWER: A & B
83)   If an antenna draws 12 A current and radiates 4 kW, then what will be
its radiation resistance?

a. 22.22 ohm
b. 27.77 ohm
c. 33.33 ohm
d. 39.77 ohm

ANSWER: 27.77 ohm

84)   Under which conditions of two unit vectors, the polarization loss factor
(PLF) is equal to unity?
a. Perpendicular
b. Perfectly aligned
c. Angle inclination (Ψp)
d. All of the above
ANSWER: Perfectly aligned
85)   Which property/ies of antenna is/are likely to be evidenced in
accordance to Reciprocity theorem?

a. Equality of impedances
b. Equality of directional patterns
c. Equality of effective lengths
d. All of the above

ANSWER: All of the above

86)   Self impedance of an antenna is basically __________

a. Its input impedance during the removal of all other antennas

b. Its impedance by taking into consideration the consequences of other
antennas
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: Its input impedance during the removal of all other antennas
87)   In solution evaluation process of inhomogeneous vector potential
wave equation, if points are completely removed from the source, then by
which factor does the time varying field & static solution differ?

a. e-jkr
b. ejkr
c. e-jk/r
d. e(jk + r)
ANSWER: e-jkr
88)   The concept of magnetic vector potential finds its major application in
deriving expression of magnetic field intensity especially for ______

a. Real fields
b. Imaginary fields
c. Complex fields
d. None of the above

ANSWER: Complex fields

89)   A dipole carries r.m.s. current of about 300A across the radiation
resistance 2 Ω. What would be the power radiated by an antenna?

a. 90 kW
b. 135 kW
c. 180 kW
d. 200 kW

ANSWER: 180 kW
90)   What is/are the major applications of an infinitesimal dipole that
contribute/s to its analysis?

a. Field pattern estimation due to any length of antenna

b. Improvement in radiation resistance by increasing dipole length
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: Both a and b

91)   What is /are the advantages of using ferrite loops?

A. Increase in Magnetic field intensity

B. Increase in radiation resistance
C. Decrease in Magnetic field intensity
D. Decrease in radiation resistance

a. A & B
b. C & D
c. A & D
d. B & C

ANSWER: A & B
92)   In an electrically large loop, an overall length of the loop is equal to
______
a. λ/2
b. λ
c. λ/10
d. λ/50

ANSWER: λ
93)   How do the elements of an active region behave?

a. Inductive
b. Capacitive
c. Resistive
d. None of the above

ANSWER: Resistive
94)   By how many times is an input impedance of a folded dipole at
resonance greater than that of an isolated dipole with same length as one of
its sides?

a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 6

ANSWER: 4
95)   Which mode of radiation occurs in an helical antenna due to smaller
dimensions of helix as compared to a wavelength?

a. Normal
b. Axial
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: Normal
96)   A rectangular horn antenna operating at 4GHz has the wavelength of
0.075m and gain of about 13dBi. What will be its required capture area?
a. 0.0149 m2
b. 0.0475 m2
c. 0.5521 m2
d. 0.9732 m2
ANSWER: 0.0149 m2
97 ) The relation between vector magnetic potential and current density is given
by ______

a) ∇.A=J
b) ∇×A=H
c) ∇2 A=-μJ
d) ∇2 A=∇×H
Answer:  ∇2 A=-μJ
98) The induction and radiation fields are equal at a distance of _______

a) λ/4
b) λ/6
c) λ/8
d) λ/2

Answer: λ/6

99)  The ratio of radiation intensity in a given direction from antenna to the
radiation intensity over all directions is called as ________

a) Directivity
b) Radiation power density
c) Gain of antenna
d) Array Facto

Answer: Directivity

100)  What is the overall efficiency of a lossless antenna with reflection coefficient
0.15?

a) 0.997
b) 0.779
c) 0.669
d) 0.977

Answer: 0.977

101)  The equivalent area when multiplied by the instant power density which
leads to free radiation of power at antenna is called as _______

a) Loss area
b) Scattering area
c) Captured area
d) Effective area

Answer: Scattering area

102) Equivalent circuit representation of an antenna is ______

a) Series R, L, C
b) Parallel R, L, C
c) Series R, L parallel to C
d) Parallel R, C series to L

Answer: Series R, L, C

103 ) Radiation resistance of a Hertzian dipole of length λ/8 is ________

a) 12.33Ω
b) 8.54Ω
c) 10.56Ω
d) 13.22Ω

Answer: 12.33Ω

104) Relation between directivity and effective area of transmitting and receiving
antenna is ________
a) Dt At=Dr Ar
b) Dt Ar=Dr At
c) At Dt=∈Dr Ar
d) Dt At=∈Dr Ar
Answer:- Dt Ar=Dr At 
105)  The axis of back lobe makes an angle of 180° with respect to the beam of
an antenna.
a) True
b) False

Answer:- True

106)  Radiation resistance of a half-wave dipole is ______

a) 36.56Ω
b) 18.28Ω
c) 73.12Ω
d) 40.24Ω

Answer: 73.12Ω

107)  The radiation efficiency for antenna having radiation resistance 36.15Ω and
loss resistance 0.85Ω is given by ________
a) 0.977
b) 0.799
c) 0.997
d) 0.779

Answer:  0.977

108)A linear antenna having length less than λ/8 is called as _______
a) Short monopole
b) Short dipole
c) Half-wave dipole
d) Quarter-wave monopole

Answer:- Short monopole

109) Find the power radiated by an antenna whose radiation resistance is 100Ω
and operating with 3A of current at 2GHz frequency?
b) 1800W
c) 450W
d) 700W

Answer: 900W

110)Front-to-Back ratio is defined as ratio of power radiated in desired direction

to the power radiated in back lobe.
a) True
b) False

Answer: True

111)Relation between beam solid angle Ω, horizontal half-power beam width ∅A,
vertical half-power beam width ∅E is __________
a) Ω≈∅A.∅E
b) Ω≈∅A+∅E
c) Ω≈∅A/∅E
d) Ω≈∅A-∅E
Answer : Ω≈∅A.∅E
112) Which of the following field varies inversely with r 2?
a) Far field
b) Near field
c) Radiation field
d) Electrostatic field

Answer: Near field

113) Find the effective area of a half-wave dipole operating at frequency 100MHz
and directive gain 1.8?
a) 1.28m2
b) 2.18m2
c) 0.128m2
d) 12.8m2
Answer: 1.28m2
114) Which of the following option is false?
a) Omni-directional antenna is a special case of directional antenna
b) Directional antenna radiates power effectively in particular directions
compared to other directions
c) Isotropic antenna radiates power in all directions
d) End-fire array antenna has its main beam normal to the axis containing
antenna

Answer End-fire array antenna has its main beam normal to the axis
containing antenna

115) The angular distance between two successive nulls of main lobe is called as
______
a) FNBW
b) HPBW
c) Beam width
d) FBR

Answer : FNBW

116) If beam width of the antenna increases, then directivity ________

a) Decreases
b) Increases
c) Remains unchanged
d) Depends on type of antenna

Answer:  Decreases

117) The receiving antenna is designed to have ____ side-lobe-ratio and ____ SNR.
a) Low, high
b) High, high
c) Low, low
d) High, low

Answer: Low, high

118)Units of radiation intensity is _______

a) Watts/unit Solid angle
b) Watts/m2
c) Watts- m2
d) Watts
Answer : Watts/unit Solid angle

119) The graphical representation of the radiation properties of the antenna as a

function of space coordinates is called Radiation pattern.
a) True
b) False

Answer: True

120) What is the total power radiated in Watts for the power
density wr=4sinθ3r2arW/m2?
a) 4π2
b) 8π2/3
c) 4π2/3
d) 2π2/3
Answer: 4π2/3
121) Which of the following pattern varies with square of magnitude of field?
a) Power Pattern
b) Electric Field Pattern
c) Current distribution
d) Array Factor

Answer: Power Pattern

122) The radiation lobe containing the direction of maximum radiation is called
as _____
a) Major lobe
b) Minor lobe
c) Side lobe
d) Back lobe

Answer: Major lobe

123) Fresnel zone is also called as ____

a) Near Field
b) Far Field
c) Electrostatic Field
d) Reactive Field

ANSWER: Near Field

124)  If FNBW is 6°, then resolution is ____
a) 12°
b) 3°
c) 2°
d) 6°

ANSWER: 3°
125) For a center fed short antenna, current distribution is _____ at center and ____
at ends.
a) Low, high
b) High, high
c) Low, low
d) High, low

ANSWER: High, low

126) Which pattern represents a plot with magnitude of field strength Vs θ at a
constant φ?
a) E-plane pattern
b) H-plane pattern
c) Horizontal pattern
d) Power pattern

ANSWER: E-plane pattern

127) The portion of the near field immediate to the surrounding the antenna is
called as _____

a) Reactive near-field
b) Radiating near-field
c) Fraunhofer zone
d) Far field

ANSWER: Reactive near-field

128) The region of the field that angular field distribution is independent of the
distance from the antenna is called as _______
a) Reactive near-field
b) Radiating near-field
c) Fresnel zone
d) Far field

ANSWER: Far field

129)  An ideal source in which the power is radiated equally in all directions is
called as ________ radiator.
a) Isotropic
b) Omni-directional
c) Directional
d) Transducer

ANSWER:  Isotropic
130) In Isotropic radiation, which of the following vector component is absent in
pointing vector?
a) arˆ
b) aθˆ
c) a∅ˆ
d) Both aθˆanda∅ˆ
ANSWER: Both aθˆanda∅ˆ
131) What is the amount of Electric field present at a distance of 10km for an
isotropic radiator with radiating power 3kW?
a) 30mV/m
b) 60mV/m
c) 15mV/m
d) 10mV/m

ANSWER: 30mV/m
132) What is the radiation intensity for isotropic antenna having radiation power
density 3sinθr2arW/m2?
a) 3sinθ ar W/Steradian
b) 3cosθar W/Steradian
c) 6πsinθ ar W/Steradian
d) 6πcosθ ar W/steradian
ANSWER: 3sinθ ar W/Steradian
133) For an isotropic source, Radiation intensity will be _____ on θ and ______ on
Φ.
a) Dependent, independent
b) Independent, independent
c) Independent, dependent
d) Dependent, dependent

ANSWER: Independent, independent

134) Find the effective length of a receiving antenna with open circuit voltage 1V
and incident electric field 200mV/m?
a) 0.2m
b) 50m
c) 5m
d) 5cm

ANSWER: 5m
135) For an isotropic antenna, the average power Pav can be expressed in terms of
radiated power Pr as ____
a) Pav=Pr/4π
b) Pav=Pr/2πr2
c) Pav=Pr/2π
d) Pav=Pr/4πr2
ANSWER: Pav=Pr/4πr2
136) Directive gain is defined as a measure of concentration of power in a
particular direction.
a) True
b) False

ANSWER: True
137) What is the directive gain when the magnitude of radiation intensity equals
to average radiation intensity?
a) 4π
b) ∞
c) 1
d) 0
ANSWER:  1
138) Directive gain of antenna when radiation intensity is 5W/Steradian and
radiated power 5W is ____

a) 4π
b) 1/4π
c) 25
d) 1

ANSWER: 4π
139) The Directive gain is ______ on input power to antenna and _____ on power
due to ohmic losses.
a) Independent, independent
b) Dependent, independent
c) Independent, dependent
d) Dependent, dependent

ANSWER: Independent, independent

140) What is the maximum directive gain of antenna with radiation efficiency 98%
and maximum power gain 1?
a) 0.98
b) 1.02
c) 1.98
d) 1

ANSWER: 1.02
141 ) Which of the following expression is correct for radiation efficiency?
a) ηr=Rr/ Rr
b) ηr=Rr/ Rr−R
c) ηr=Rr / Rr+R
d) ηr=R1/ Rr+R
ANSWER: Rr / Rr+R
142) For a lossless antenna, maximum Power gain equals to the maximum
directive gain.
a) True
b) False
ANSWER: True
143 ) The ratio of power radiated in a particular direction to the total input power
of antenna is called as _____

a) Directive gain
b) Power gain
c) Directivity
d) Partial directivity

ANSWER:  Power gain

144 ) What is the maximum power gain of antenna with radiation efficiency 98%
and directive gain 1?

a) 0.98
b) 1.02
c) 1.98
d) 1

ANSWER: 0.98
145 ) Which of the following expression is correct for radiation efficiency?
a) ηr=Pr / Pt
b) ηr=Pr / Pr−Pt
c) ηr=Pr /Pr+Pt
d) ηr=P / Pr+Pt
ANSWER:  ηr=Pr /Pr+Pt
146 ) Which of the following represents the relation between maximum power
gain and maximum directivity gain of the antenna?
a) Gpmax = ηrGdmax
b) Gpmax = ηr/Gdmax
c) ηr =  √(GpmaxGdmax)
d) ηr = Gdmax+Gpmax / Gdmax−Gpmax
ANSWER: Gpmax = ηrGdmax
147 ) What is the maximum power gain when the radiation resistance is 72Ω, loss
resistance is 8Ω and the maximum directive gain is 1.5?
a) 1.15
b) 1.35
c) 1.25
d) 1.53

ANSWER: 1.35
148 ) The value of maximum power gain is always greater than or equal to the
maximum directive gain.
a) True
b) False

ANSWER: False
149)  The ratio of maximum power density in the desired direction to the average
power radiated from the antenna is called as _______
a) directivity
b) directive gain
c) power gain
d) partial directivity

ANSWER: directivity
150) What is the Beam area for Directivity to be 1 in Steradian?
a) 4π
b) 1/2π
c) 2π
d) 1/4π

ANSWER:  4π
151) If directivity of antenna increases, then the coverage area _____
a) decreases
b) increases
c) increases and then decreases
d) remains unchanged

ANSWER: decreases
152) If half power beam width in one plane and other plane orthogonal to it are
equal to π then the directivity is ____
a) π
b) 4π
c) 4/π
d) 2π

ANSWER: 4/π
153) Directive gain with maximum radiation intensity is called as Directivity.
a) True
b) False

ANSWER: True
154) How the directivity and effective aperture related to each other?
a) Inversely proportional
b) Directly proportional
c) Independent
d) Proportionality depends on input power

ANSWER: Directly proportional

155) What is the directivity of half-wave dipole?
a) 1.64
b) 1.5
c) 1.43
d) 1.44

ANSWER:  1.64
156) What is the directivity of antenna having effective aperture 1 m 2?
a) 4π / λ2
b) λ2 / 4π
c) 1
d) 4π
ANSWER: 4π / λ2
157)  Effective aperture is the ability of antenna to extract energy from the
electromagnetic wave.
a) True
b) False

ANSWER: True
158) Which of the following best describes the condition for Maximum effective
aperture?
a) Load impedance must be equal to the antenna impedance
b) Load impedance must be equal complex conjugate to the antenna impedance
c) Receiver power should be minimum
d) Transmitter power should be minimum

ANSWER: Load impedance must be equal complex conjugate to the antenna

impedance
159) What is the effective aperture of Hertzian dipole antenna operating at
frequency 100 MHz?
a) 1.07m2
b) 0.17m2
c) 1.7m2
d) 1.2m2
ANSWER: 1.07m2
160) If physical aperture of antenna is 0.02m2 and aperture efficiency is 0.5, then
what is the value of effective aperture?
a) 0.0004m2
b) 0.001m2
c) 0.01m2
d) 25m2
ANSWER: 0.01m2
161) Expression for aperture efficiency in terms of physical aperture A e and
effective aperture Aem is ____
a) Ae / Aem
b) Aem/Ae
c) Ae+Aem / Ae−Aem
d) Ae−Aem / Ae+Aem
ANSWER:  Aem/Ae
162) What is the effective aperture of a Half-wave dipole operating at 100MHz?
a) 1.07m2
b) 1.17m2
c) 1.27m2
d) 1.77m2
ANSWER: 1.17m2
163) What is the relation between effective length and Effective aperture of
antenna?
a) Ae=dL2η / 4Rrad
b) Ae=dL2 / 4ηRrad
c) Ae=dL2Rrad / 4η
d) Ae=dL2η2 / 4Rrad
ANSWER: Ae=dL2η / 4Rrad
164) The physical aperture of an isotropic radiator is _______
a) 4πη / λ2
b) 4π / λ2η
c) λ2 / 4πη
d) λ2η / 4π 
ANSWER:  λ2 / 4πη
165) What is the radiation resistance of an antenna if it radiates 1kW and current
in it is Irms=10A?
a) 0.1Ω
b) 1Ω
c) 10Ω
d) 100Ω
ANSWER: 10Ω
166)  What is the radiation resistance of an antenna if input power to it is 1KW
and current in it is 10A having a power loss of 200W?
a) 10Ω
b) 2Ω
c) 12Ω
d) 8Ω

ANSWER:  8Ω
167) What is the radiation resistance of a short dipole of length L?
a) 20π2 (L / λ)2
b) 80π2 (l/ λ )2
c) 40π2 (l/λ)2
d) 160π2 (l/λ)2
ANSWER: 20π2 (L / λ)2
168) If the length of the dipole decreases, then the radiation resistance
will________
a) increase
b) decrease
c) depends on current distribution
d) not change
ANSWER: decrease
169) For a half-wave dipole with length λ/12, what is the antenna efficiency if the
Radiation resistance is 2Ω?
a) 0.73
b) 0.073
c) 0.37
d) 0.78

ANSWER: 0.73
169) Find the radiation resistance of a Hertzian dipole of length 1m and
operating at a frequency 1MHz?
a) 0.08Ω
b) 8.8mΩ
c) 8.8Ω
d) 0.88Ω

ANSWER: 8.8mΩ
170) Radiation resistance doesn’t depend on direction of power radiated but
depends on the frequency.
a) True
b) False

ANSWER: True
171) What is the radiation resistance of the antenna radiating at 5kW and having
maximum current 2A?
a) 25kΩ
b) 2.5kΩ
c) 0.25kΩ
d) 2.5Ω

ANSWER: 2.5kΩ
172) Power radiated by half-wave dipole with maximum current amplitude 10A is
______
a) 3.65kΩ
b) 3.650Ω
c) 0.365kΩ
d) 36.50Ω
ANSWER: 3.65kΩ
173) The radiation resistance dissipates same amount of power as it radiated by
the antenna.
a) True
b) False

ANSWER: True
174) Relation between Quality factor, Bandwidth, and resonant frequency is
_________
a) Q=BW / f0
b) Q=f0 / BW
c) Q = BW×f0
d) Q=BW+f0 / BW−f0
ANSWER: Q=f0 / BW
175) What is the Bandwidth of the antenna operating at resonant frequency
200MHz with Quality factor 20?
a) 10Hz
b) 5MHz
c) 10MHz
d) 0.1MHz

ANSWER: 10MHz
176) What is the Bandwidth of the antenna operating at resonant frequency
200MHz with Quality factor 20?
a) 10Hz
b) 5MHz
c) 10MHz
d) 0.1MHz

ANSWER: 10MHz
177)What is the length of the half-wave dipole with bandwidth 20MHz and
Quality factor 30?
a) 5m
b) 0.25m
c) 0.50m
d) 2.5m
ANSWER: 0.25m
178) Quality factor is defined as ________

a) 2π×energyradiatedpercycle / Totalenergystoredbyantenna
b) 4π×Totalenergystoredbyantenna / energyradiatedpercycle
c) 4π×energyradiatedpercycle / Totalenergystoredbyantenna
d) 2π×Totalenergystoredbyantenna / energyradiatedpercycle
ANSWER:  2π×Totalenergystoredbyantenna / energyradiatedpercycle
179) What is the quality factor of the antenna operating at 650MHz and having a
bandwidth of 10MHZ?
a) 65
b) 0.65
c) 15
d) 55

ANSWER: 65
180) In an antenna, the lower frequency limit is determined by pattern, gain or
impedance.
a) True
b) False

ANSWER: True
181)  In the impedance v/s frequency graph of antenna, the antenna impedance
at frequencies less than resonant frequency is ____
a) inductive
b) capacitive
c) resistive
d) both inductive and capacitive

ANSWER: capacitive
182)  High the Fractional Bandwidth ___________ is the quality factor.
a) low
b) high
c) constant
d) infinity

ANSWER: low
183) For lower Quality factor antennas, the bandwidth is very high.
a) True
b) False

ANSWER: True
184) Friss transmission is applicable when same antenna is used for both
transmission and reception.
a) True
b) False

ANSWER: False
185) What is the distance between antennas to apply the Friss transmission
equation in terms of antennas largest dimension?
a) R » 2D2/λ
b) R « 2D2/λ
c) R » 2λ2/D
d) R « 2λ2/D
ANSWER: R » 2D2/λ
186) Free space loss factor is given by _____
a) λ / 4πR
b) (λ / 4πR)2
c) 4πR / λ
d) (4πR / λ) 2
ANSWER:  (λ / 4πR)2
187) Which of the following is the Friss transmission equation for the matched
polarization of antennas?
a) Pr / Pt=GtGrλ2 / (4πR)2
b) Pt / Pr=GtGrλ2 / (4πR)2
c) Pr / Pt=GtGrλ2 / 4πR2
d) Pt / Pr=GtGrλ2 / 4πR2
ANSWER: Pr / Pt=GtGrλ2 / (4πR)2 
188) If the operating frequency increases, powers received by the receiving
antenna ______
a) will decrease
b) will Increase
c) is Independent of frequency
d) is not predictable
ANSWER: will decrease
189) Power received by the antenna when one antenna is horizontally polarized
and the other is vertically polarized is _______
a) 1
b) 0
c) PrPt=GtGrλ2 / (4πR)2
d) PrPt=GtGrλ2 / 2(4πR)2
ANSWER: 0
190)  Find the power received by the receiving antenna if it is placed at a distance
of 20m from the transmitting antenna which is radiating 50W power at a
frequency 900MHz and are made-up of half-wave dipoles.
a) 23.65μW
b) 2.365μW
c) 236.5μW
d) 4.73μW

ANSWER: 236.5μW
191) Let’s assume a transmitting antenna having gain 10dB is placed at a distance
of 100m from the receiving antenna and radiates a power of 5W. Find the gain of
the receiving antenna in dB when the received power is 150μW and transmitter
frequency 500MHz?
a) 1.31dB
b) 1.19dB
c) 11.19dB
d) 13.16dB

ANSWER: 11.19dB
192) If the distance between the transmitting and receiving antenna is decreased
by a factor 2 while other factors remain same, then the new power received by
the antenna _______
a) increases by factor 2
b) decreases by factor 2
c) increases by factor 4
d) decreases by factor 4

ANSWER: increases by factor 4

193)  Assume two similar antennas for transmitting and receiving. If the operating
frequency gets reduced by 3 times then the received power gets _______
a) increases by factor 3
b) decreases by factor 3
c) increases by factor 9
d) decreases by factor 9

ANSWER: increases by factor 9

194) Relation between brightness temperature TB and physical body
temperatureTp is ____
a) TB=(1−∣Γs∣2)Tp
b) TB=Tp/(1−∣Γs∣2)
c) TB=(1−∣Γs∣)Tp
d) TB=(1−∣Γs∣)2Tp 
ANSWER: TB=(1−∣Γs∣2)Tp
195)  If the reflection co-efficient is ½ then emissivity is ___
a) 3/4
b) 1/4
c) 1/2
d) 3/2

ANSWER: 3/4
196) Overall receiver noise temperature expression if T1, T2… are amplifier 1, 2, and
so on noise Temperature and G1, G2, and so on are their gain respectively is_____
a) T = T1+T2 / G1+T3 /  G1G2+⋯
b) T = T1+T2 (1-G1)+T3(1-G1G2)+⋯
c) T = T1+T2 / (1−G1)+T3 / (1−G1G2)+⋯
d) T = T1+T2 (G1)+T3(G1G2)+⋯
ANSWER: T = T1+T2 / G1+T3 /  G1G2+⋯
197)  Total noise power of the system is P=_____
a) k(TA+TR)B
b) k(TA+TR)/B
c) k(TR)B
d) kB/Tsys
ANSWER: k(TA+TR)B
198) What is the relation between noise temperature introduced by beam T B and
the antenna temperature TA when the solid angle obtained by the noise source is
greater than antenna solid angle?
a) TA= TB
b) TA > TB
c) TA < TB
d) TA « TB
ANSWER: TA= TB
199) Which expression suits best when the solid angle obtained by the noise
source is less than antenna solid angle?
a) PA ΩA=PB ΩB and ΔTA=ΩB / ΩATB
b) PA ΩB=PB ΩA and ΔTA=ΩB / ΩATB
c) ΔTA=ΩA / ΩBTB and PA ΩB=PB ΩA
d) ΔTA=ΩA / ΩBTB and PA ΩA=PB ΩB
ANSWER: PA ΩA=PB ΩB and ΔTA=ΩB / ΩATB
200) Expression for noise figure F related to the effective noise temperature T e is
____
a) F=1+Te /To
b) F=1+T0 / Te
c) F=1−Te / To
d) F=1−T0 / Te
ANSWER:  F=1+Te /To