19ECE281: Analog Electronics Lab 2023

Exp No: Name:

Date: Roll no:

6. BJT Parameter Measurement

Objectives
1. To plot BJT input and output characteristics.
2. To find BJT small-signal parameters: Differential input resistance rπ
Differential output resistance r0
Early Voltage VA
Transconductance gm
Introduction:

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 19ECE281: Analog Electronics Lab 2023

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 19ECE281: Analog Electronics Lab 2023

BJT Parameters:
1. Current gain (β):

The ratio of two currents is the BJT current gain β (large signal current gain βDC(hFE) and the
small signal current gain, βAC(hfe) )

Where lowercase letters denote amplitudes of AC signals, and capital letters

denote DC values.

2. Transconductance (gm):

When the collector-base junction is reverse biased and the base-emitter junction is forward biased,
then the BJT is in the forward–active mode and can amplify the small signal. The input AC signal
with amplitude vBE controls the output AC current with amplitude iC, i.e. BJT is characterized by
transconductance.

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 19ECE281: Analog Electronics Lab 2023

3. Input Impedance (r∏):

The BJT input impedance for AC signal, rπ, is obtained by differentiation of

4. Output impedance(r0):

In the ideal BJT, the collector current IC is independent of the collector voltage VCE, i.e. the BJT
output characteristic IC (VCE) is a horizontal line that shifts up and down in accordance with changes
in base current IB. In a real BJT, IC increases slightly with VCE. This dependence can be modeled
using an output impedance r0 which is important for accurately determining the gain value

Here VA is the Early voltage parameter (typically in the range of 100 - 200 V).

LABORATORY:

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 19ECE281: Analog Electronics Lab 2023

Obtain the following:

1. Family of the input characteristics:

Take the values of IB Vs VBE for VCC = 0 V and VCC= +10V.
Draw the input characteristics. Obtain rπ

2. Family of the output characteristics:

Take the values of IC Vs VCE for IB= 10μA and again for IB= 20μA.
Find the values of IC corresponding to the given IB currents at VCE = +5 V.
Draw the output characteristics.
Calculate r0 ,βDC, βAC for these collector current values. Also find the value of VA. (Extrapolate
the output characteristic and the value of the voltage at which the extrapolation meets is V A)
Note:

1. Use multimeter for voltage and current measurement

2. Use left side of your lab sheet to draw the tabular column
3. Formulas to calculate the parameter value are mentioned in the introduction

Result:
1. Differential input resistance, rπ =
2. Differential output resistance, r0 =
3. Early Voltage, VA =
4. Transconductance, gm =
5. Large signal current gain, βDC =
6. Small signal current gain, βAC =

Signature: _________________________

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